A Letter and Encouragement: Does Information Increase Postsecondary Enrollment of UI Recipients?

Andrew Barr; Sarah Turner (2018) · American Economic Journal: Economic Policy

Published

October 10, 2026

import sys
from pathlib import Path

ROOT = next(
    p for p in [Path.cwd(), *Path.cwd().parents]
    if (p / "scripts/tranche50_report.py").exists()
)
sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / "scripts"))
from tranche50_report import report
report("aeraej-544", tranche="tranche100")

Andrew Barr; Sarah Turner (2018). American Economic Journal: Economic Policy. Table 2 Panel B Col.

Source specification

State and month effects, demographic controls and state clustering are retained. Repeated UI-recipient observations are not collapsed.

Source coefficient Template on source sample Source N Template source-sample N
0.024769 0.024769 5154 5154

Source-to-template coefficient difference: 6.59e-17, in original outcome units.

Role Column
Outcome train
Treatment pos_letter
Unit fips
Time ym_first
Cluster fips

30 retained control columns. i(sex)1; i(sex)2; i(age)20; i(age)21; i(age)22; i(age)23; i(age)24; i(age)25; i(age)26; i(age)27; i(age)28; i(age)29; i(age)30; i(age)31; i(age)32; i(age)33; i(age)34; i(age)35; i(age)36; i(age)37; i(age)38; i(age)39; i(age)40; i(race)1; i(race)2; i(race)3; i(race)4; i(race)5; i(race)6; i(race)9

Estimates below divide the outcome by its source-sample standard deviation, 0.26387. Static TWFE is the treatment coefficient. Dynamic TWFE, BJS and Sun–Abraham average supported post-treatment cells by observation count. CS-DID additionally reports an equal-event-time average.

Analysis sample and treatment timing

Observations Units Treated Control units Cohorts Clusters
4028 45 36 9 11 45
Sample restriction Count
post adoption untreated rows removed 906
units without minus one removed 4
additional rows removed 220

Adoption is the first observed treated period. Initially treated units and units without an observed minus-one baseline are excluded. Post-adoption untreated rows are excluded for switching policies. The plot shows at most 100 seeded-sample units; estimation uses the full eligible sample. Empty cells remain missing.

y__d: 45 of 45 units shown (seed 20261008). All eligible units enter estimation. Purple: untreated; yellow: treated; white: unobserved.

Estimates

Estimator Estimate (SD) SE 95% lower 95% upper Target Status
Static TWFE 0.063275 0.045253 -0.027926 0.15448 Coefficient estimated
Dynamic TWFE 0.085128 0.079807 -0.075713 0.24597 Treated cells estimated
BJS / did2s 0.079483 0.055145 -0.031655 0.19062 Treated cells estimated
Sun–Abraham 0.065393 0.084606 -0.10512 0.2359 Treated cells estimated
CS-DID (equal event-time) nan nan nan nan Equal post-event times unidentified
SDID nan nan nan nan Treated cells unsupported
Matrix completion nan nan nan nan Treated cells unsupported
Horizontal ridge nan nan nan nan Treated cells unsupported
Multisynth (cohort-averaged) nan nan nan nan Treated cells unsupported
Multisynth (individual) nan nan nan nan Treated cells unsupported

Intervals use the configured clusters and the estimator’s available inference. Hollow points have no computed interval; no new refit-bootstrap batch is run.

Estimator Reason
CS-DID (equal event-time) UnidentifiedTarget: CS-DID cannot estimate 177 observed post-treatment group-time cells with the configured controls; no target cells were dropped. See csdid-group-time.json and package log.
SDID sdid: this adapter does not implement covariate adjustment; controls retained.
Matrix completion matrix-completion: this adapter does not implement covariate adjustment; controls retained.
Horizontal ridge horizontal-ridge: this adapter does not implement covariate adjustment; controls retained.
Multisynth (cohort-averaged) multisynth-cohort: this adapter does not implement covariate adjustment; controls retained.
Multisynth (individual) multisynth-individual: this adapter does not implement covariate adjustment; controls retained.

Event studies

Cohort homogeneity

The imported TestingInEventStudies deviations design tests positive-event-time cohort deviations jointly. This is the homoskedastic nested-model F-test; the estimator confidence intervals above use clustered inference.

**y__d: F(144, 3687) = 0.8241; p = 0.9365.** Homoskedastic nested-model F. 271 design columns.

Each line is a cohort deviation. The joint test restricts positive-event-time deviations to zero; event time 0 remains unrestricted.

Fitting settings and checks

Specification Estimator Settings Pooling
y__d CS-DID {} {}
y__d SDID {} {}
y__d Matrix completion {} {}
y__d Horizontal ridge {} {}
y__d Multisynth (cohort-averaged) {} {}
y__d Multisynth (individual) {} {}
{
  "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 4.672195147437108e-08,
  "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null,
  "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 1.2014655767571744e-14
}