[ { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P001", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLFIELD-SHNONE-FELGA-TRDI-SFULL", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle.", "specification_type": "scalar", "run_status": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P002", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLFIELD-SHNONE-FELGA-TRDI-SONSHORE", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle.", "specification_type": "scalar", "run_status": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P003", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLFIELD-SHNONE-FELGA-TRDINNPC-SFULL", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle.", "specification_type": "scalar", "run_status": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P004", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLFIELD-SHNONE-FELGA-TRDINNPC-SONSHORE", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle.", "specification_type": "scalar", "run_status": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P005", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLFIELD-SHNONE-FELGA-TRNNPC-SFULL", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle.", "specification_type": "scalar", "run_status": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P006", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLFIELD-SHNONE-FELGA-TRNNPC-SONSHORE", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle.", "specification_type": "scalar", "run_status": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P007", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLFIELD-SHNONE-FENONE-TRDI-SFULL", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle.", "specification_type": "scalar", "run_status": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P008", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLFIELD-SHNONE-FENONE-TRDI-SONSHORE", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle.", "specification_type": "scalar", "run_status": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P009", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLFIELD-SHNONE-FENONE-TRDINNPC-SFULL", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle.", "specification_type": "scalar", "run_status": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P010", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLFIELD-SHNONE-FENONE-TRDINNPC-SONSHORE", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle.", "specification_type": "scalar", "run_status": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P011", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLFIELD-SHNONE-FENONE-TRNNPC-SFULL", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle.", "specification_type": "scalar", "run_status": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P012", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLFIELD-SHNONE-FENONE-TRNNPC-SONSHORE", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle.", "specification_type": "scalar", "run_status": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P013", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLFIELD-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRDI-SFULL", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle.", "specification_type": "scalar", "run_status": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P014", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLFIELD-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRDI-SONSHORE", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle.", "specification_type": "scalar", "run_status": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P015", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLFIELD-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRDINNPC-SFULL", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle.", "specification_type": "scalar", "run_status": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P016", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLFIELD-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRDINNPC-SONSHORE", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle.", "specification_type": "scalar", "run_status": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P017", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLFIELD-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRNNPC-SFULL", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle.", "specification_type": "scalar", "run_status": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P018", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLFIELD-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRNNPC-SONSHORE", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle.", "specification_type": "scalar", "run_status": "Required field-characteristic controls numwells, first_year, onsh and analog_depth are absent from the supplied bundle." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P019", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLNONE-SHNONE-FELGA-TRDI-SFULL", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Figure 4 specification curve: outcome=theft, interacted controls=none, simultaneous shocks=none, added fixed effects=lga, treatment=DI, sample=full", "outcome_label": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "DrillingInfo transaction-data local-participation indicator, set to one from its source-specific first observed indigenous transaction year onward; exact cohorts pending package audit", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "Fixed local-government-area-by-calendar-year effects", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced full field sample oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; exact Figure 4 e(sample) and N pending code recovery", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P019.json", "input_bytes": 63309, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": {}, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": "archive_time_fe", "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p019", "specification_id": "S22-P019", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLNONE-SHNONE-FELGA-TRDI-SFULL", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "data": "analyses/full-archive/prepared/S22-P019.parquet", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P019" }, "source": { "file": "S22-P019.parquet", "bytes": 63309, "sha256": "51d72f3f832883b02a907c4c58f66acfcb795a1c8af155b0c25e14d04b95d2a4" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 2998, "source_sd": 19.939430415899118, "rows": 2893, "units": 279, "clusters": 279, "treated_units": 41, "never_treated_units": 238, "treated_cohorts": 6, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2893, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 39, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 1, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 99 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.09881088092328953, "se": 0.041534411407364795, "pvalue": 0.01803437011293836, "lower": -0.18057278089539458, "upper": -0.017048980951184484 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.22874062637441422, "se": 0.09124481410909302, "pvalue": 0.012750765284282192, "lower": -0.40835914295794595, "upper": -0.049122109790882496 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.10722177998386764, "se": 0.04149545714251224, "pvalue": 0.010278399702882017, "lower": -0.18890699716215326, "upper": -0.025536562805582017 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.19702122681021703, "se": 0.07050799892591365, "pvalue": 0.005562858499604997, "lower": -0.33581861817981346, "upper": -0.0582238354406206 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.16244738708770148, "se": 0.17964249949249916, "pvalue": 0.3666291149368379, "lower": -0.5160797506280747, "upper": 0.19118497645267166 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.19507064274754532, "se": 0.17288548269586956, "pvalue": 0.260156384724643, "lower": -0.5354015891565347, "upper": 0.14526030366144405 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.20891987303280915, "se": 0.1667862645190962, "pvalue": 0.2113965704735869, "lower": -0.5372443012420736, "upper": 0.11940455517645529 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.23585196439228498, "se": 0.1385188806794883, "pvalue": 0.08974755864252322, "lower": -0.5085310871390696, "upper": 0.03682715835449965 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.25312489025048374, "se": 0.0966414015435252, "pvalue": 0.009296971675128786, "lower": -0.4433667725458147, "upper": -0.06288300795515278 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.1985201729399984, "se": 0.09031367810988228, "pvalue": 0.028765019296237006, "lower": -0.3763057166740727, "upper": -0.020734629205924116 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.09082565562161496, "se": 0.09017134178806951, "pvalue": 0.3146875037637359, "lower": -0.2683310054703754, "upper": 0.0866796942271455 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.020557998346973173, "se": 0.09244970588211904, "pvalue": 0.8241895028031729, "lower": -0.20254838532147176, "upper": 0.16143238862752543 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.14942929338151112, "se": 0.08691064149439628, "pvalue": 0.08666482053443715, "lower": -0.3205158439210547, "upper": 0.021657257158032434 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.15749605134661984, "se": 0.10247459732116503, "pvalue": 0.12544835235714086, "lower": -0.35922077771096594, "upper": 0.04422867501772626 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.3404843154320294, "se": 0.11744374277848225, "pvalue": 0.004040457536771621, "lower": -0.5716763132004441, "upper": -0.10929231766361469 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.33750893484521005, "se": 0.1225554180349354, "pvalue": 0.006276683012550031, "lower": -0.5787634390232834, "upper": -0.09625443066713671 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.3085838329415873, "se": 0.0980737350310622, "pvalue": 0.001832185974775791, "lower": -0.5016453123701505, "upper": -0.11552235351302403 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.23817703497684042, "se": 0.10245277011274415, "pvalue": 0.020805684278857532, "lower": -0.43985879373983844, "upper": -0.03649527621384241 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.19111983214838643, "se": 0.07942850045137818, "pvalue": 0.016772810599790036, "lower": -0.34747753384169466, "upper": -0.0347621304550782 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.17056687464506762, "se": 0.07503479852050898, "pvalue": 0.023778988982401595, "lower": -0.3182754248130151, "upper": -0.02285832447712019 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.01394241442614198, "se": 0.044152204998200544, "pvalue": 0.7524059035065661, "lower": -0.10085753002040407, "upper": 0.0729727011681201 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.028476865693758496, "se": 0.0394689849561981, "pvalue": 0.47120841308077854, "lower": -0.10617290352462017, "upper": 0.04921917213710317 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.033016213030697204, "se": 0.03565469209991435, "pvalue": 0.3552496017356069, "lower": -0.10320368578473471, "upper": 0.037171259723340296 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.038913425247640084, "se": 0.030590160964092356, "pvalue": 0.20440433542160155, "lower": -0.09913119639518594, "upper": 0.021304345899905777 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.06046236752727127, "se": 0.023769008822626524, "pvalue": 0.011508711030343614, "lower": -0.10725246893814795, "upper": -0.01367226611639459 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.03334927393024574, "se": 0.014109200404906758, "pvalue": 0.018783700448973494, "lower": -0.061123714282320094, "upper": -0.0055748335781713836 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.024326968088887325, "se": 0.015930573643656902, "pvalue": 0.12788259815498013, "lower": -0.0070329073641682005, "upper": 0.05568684354194285 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.051087334418674864, "se": 0.04841742347855697, "pvalue": 0.2922757777570804, "lower": -0.04422400866343456, "upper": 0.14639867750078428 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": 0.06863460153052708, "se": 0.044654645827536296, "pvalue": 0.12542840583473086, "lower": -0.01926958590652912, "upper": 0.15653878896758328 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.05548089973201558, "se": 0.045504640542721825, "pvalue": 0.22378807553931276, "lower": -0.1450583306441796, "upper": 0.034096531180148444 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.052560501900829795, "se": 0.04796703219768618, "pvalue": 0.2741308374705933, "lower": -0.1469852344446631, "upper": 0.0418642306430035 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.2198818028715311, "se": 0.08869717753058833, "pvalue": 0.013767771865910631, "lower": -0.39448521029523875, "upper": -0.04527839544782347 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.18564214534868143, "se": 0.09035395609430341, "pvalue": 0.04085129145712444, "lower": -0.36350697766351875, "upper": -0.007777313033844102 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.14050053995538128, "se": 0.05662987206198705, "pvalue": 0.013691889375917901, "lower": -0.2519783670889633, "upper": -0.029022712821799232 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.10607614865094668, "se": 0.07003150010186031, "pvalue": 0.13098655424121394, "lower": -0.24393553589651773, "upper": 0.031783238594624355 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.03400792325893998, "se": 0.03411725692810336, "pvalue": 0.3197306784927993, "lower": -0.10116890264345987, "upper": 0.0331530561255799 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.009403592370956776, "se": 0.005321205994497572, "pvalue": 0.07829320270128244, "lower": -0.0010713824152738562, "upper": 0.01987856715718741 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.19474438100548233, "se": 0.2549889470617949, "pvalue": 0.44567193257243737, "lower": -0.6966987864545041, "upper": 0.3072100244435395 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.34293705530949103, "se": 0.2424742194886293, "pvalue": 0.15838582805429674, "lower": -0.8202557943473625, "upper": 0.1343816837283805 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.3496847206425756, "se": 0.23902263666534274, "pvalue": 0.1446032065898022, "lower": -0.820208901626521, "upper": 0.12083946034136983 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.3126161687059591, "se": 0.17674327448897406, "pvalue": 0.07803071486817943, "lower": -0.660541309326765, "upper": 0.03530897191484683 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.312494110272147, "se": 0.10806988445024968, "pvalue": 0.00413566479577559, "lower": -0.5252333494479665, "upper": -0.09975487109632755 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.22868124879731444, "se": 0.09568330046403617, "pvalue": 0.017515450924759104, "lower": -0.4170370765665312, "upper": -0.040325421028097636 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.1131009109935886, "se": 0.10089387487143862, "pvalue": 0.2632600040752361, "lower": -0.3117139315111709, "upper": 0.08551210952399368 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.024512123285694964, "se": 0.07733108489100061, "pvalue": 0.7514994744571338, "lower": -0.1277167446180698, "upper": 0.17674099118945974 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.15886662201225918, "se": 0.09418091702500929, "pvalue": 0.09275896376247109, "lower": -0.3442649569388139, "upper": 0.02653171291429557 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.18067379755142668, "se": 0.11141424474405384, "pvalue": 0.10601401165389529, "lower": -0.39999652358903925, "upper": 0.038648928486185924 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.3799535778967923, "se": 0.11594254405417874, "pvalue": 0.0011820637503615937, "lower": -0.6081904149737282, "upper": -0.15171674081985645 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.2248104771463253, "se": 0.09557539007230616, "pvalue": 0.019361308087415482, "lower": -0.4129538796432048, "upper": -0.0366670746494458 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.17282204367680798, "se": 0.06771642093922615, "pvalue": 0.01124135464559142, "lower": -0.30612411893675073, "upper": -0.0395199684168652 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.10291606699920978, "se": 0.07390064667394654, "pvalue": 0.16484527472629784, "lower": -0.24839200072479745, "upper": 0.04255986672637789 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.01644938928293025, "se": 0.08191342072144579, "pvalue": 0.8409905907280021, "lower": -0.1776987409521401, "upper": 0.14479996238627962 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.006268985492199831, "se": 0.004534508844188147, "pvalue": 0.16792601002877328, "lower": -0.01519532021029328, "upper": 0.002657349225893618 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 ], "weights": [ 0.25625, 0.25625, 0.1375, 0.125, 0.125, 0.075, 0.01875, 0.00625 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 8.326672684688674e-17, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 2.252608102840092e-15 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.5349882820951278, "df_num": 18, "df_den": 2187, "pvalue": 0.9429154965763455, "log10_pvalue": -0.025527226684762653, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2893, "design_columns": 60, "restricted_design_columns": 42, "fixed_effect_rank": 646, "covariance_rank": 18, "rss_unrestricted": 428.9863467219946, "rss_restricted": 430.8752575752873, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 4, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-4.0]" ], "data": [ [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_5,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.6.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.2387634325044481 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.27082017326303465 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.033225623108664615 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.02068765212425905 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.04639049264227857 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.0802430143001609 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.0946616809322216 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.004018580443712894 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.04516884418738948 }, { "event_time": 6.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.022343307267071344 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.3654757423532337 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.1691801467992421 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.021925223428078976 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.1061131134263032 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.17431870432526053 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.1434749790054799 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.373845357250024 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.3844468814032388 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.19489287390975957 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.1188252544121583 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.20289121644732866 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.33303262220679497 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.20573975196393166 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.0445540810033096 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.09910292345091043 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.1042016123953654 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.21468905247921466 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.25265963866678515 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.06667687172787962 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.10409802504099458 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.0826046640142426 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.2102875010571141 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.1648062955153309 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.0240498959728896 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.4307729504112023 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.4633563101360816 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.347577419439239 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.0371259500581849 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.1963644301848637 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.4063036802723148 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.10237582604688228 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.2821836372369638 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.2743395532133931 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.23286377950312578 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "b42dd52795225c55faa7af833b12a94304ddde96f066412b80dea4620c4bcc24", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "538c06b81a46a104838d662d6e6489d0d2daa7f680fd234049f28c97c87ef555" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P020", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLNONE-SHNONE-FELGA-TRDI-SONSHORE", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Figure 4 specification curve: outcome=theft, interacted controls=none, simultaneous shocks=none, added fixed effects=lga, treatment=DI, sample=onshore", "outcome_label": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "DrillingInfo transaction-data local-participation indicator, set to one from its source-specific first observed indigenous transaction year onward; exact cohorts pending package audit", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "Fixed local-government-area-by-calendar-year effects", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced onshore field subsample oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; exact Figure 4 e(sample) and N pending code recovery", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P020.json", "input_bytes": 46678, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": {}, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": "archive_time_fe", "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p020", "specification_id": "S22-P020", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLNONE-SHNONE-FELGA-TRDI-SONSHORE", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "data": "analyses/full-archive/prepared/S22-P020.parquet", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P020" }, "source": { "file": "S22-P020.parquet", "bytes": 46678, "sha256": "4421cacbc4d3a4efbcc3f5b1b1ca2ba1b87349d30cc7c520646ba44fe42e5563" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 2099, "source_sd": 22.568199740335043, "rows": 1913, "units": 180, "clusters": 180, "treated_units": 29, "never_treated_units": 151, "treated_cohorts": 4, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 1913, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 55, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 2, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 178 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.08182840209484749, "se": 0.04813993283519639, "pvalue": 0.09090495471765986, "lower": -0.17682319314330408, "upper": 0.013166388953609123 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.14098152744428424, "se": 0.10810808781209812, "pvalue": 0.1938809710980424, "lower": -0.35431180456610867, "upper": 0.07234874967754018 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.07132033432650298, "se": 0.039656172122901706, "pvalue": 0.07378787522377156, "lower": -0.14957407426197766, "upper": 0.006933405608971724 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.1044007606091853, "se": 0.07413374336427891, "pvalue": 0.1607838798081528, "lower": -0.2506892792209262, "upper": 0.04188775800255559 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.07522618357825556, "se": 0.1901745165496079, "pvalue": 0.6928977702238206, "lower": -0.300046223307261, "upper": 0.4504985904637721 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.04680494961769966, "se": 0.20385228235439246, "pvalue": 0.8186629821510891, "lower": -0.44906776608860866, "upper": 0.35545786685320935 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.033053528097287385, "se": 0.2019338983012554, "pvalue": 0.8701638794613377, "lower": -0.43153078689194624, "upper": 0.36542373069737144 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.08698451367985789, "se": 0.16452815721198893, "pvalue": 0.5976749236216388, "lower": -0.41164882032619987, "upper": 0.23767979296648412 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.17999647211405045, "se": 0.11264046372397646, "pvalue": 0.1118126250141461, "lower": -0.4022705112509966, "upper": 0.0422775670228957 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.09450595974750099, "se": 0.10309184167031511, "pvalue": 0.36052480732375436, "lower": -0.29793765110025866, "upper": 0.10892573160525669 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.0194563412751214, "se": 0.10340792856344926, "pvalue": 0.8509711379862364, "lower": -0.18459908606142394, "upper": 0.22351176861166677 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.050375694801026855, "se": 0.07083103086191266, "pvalue": 0.4778802346700441, "lower": -0.08939556328337853, "upper": 0.19014695288543224 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.0396969085084248, "se": 0.1115241013010828, "pvalue": 0.7222978039597597, "lower": -0.25976802361013845, "upper": 0.18037420659328884 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.0009167698974578162, "se": 0.12025865865965928, "pvalue": 0.9939260212636191, "lower": -0.23639029470213482, "upper": 0.23822383449705045 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.2804054974595558, "se": 0.13916243989705243, "pvalue": 0.04540614021412008, "lower": -0.5550154962950469, "upper": -0.005795498624064699 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.29655431886364464, "se": 0.14012721338412204, "pvalue": 0.03569974594173056, "lower": -0.5730681104635964, "upper": -0.02004052726369293 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.24822801852606585, "se": 0.10915054306207154, "pvalue": 0.024142024907494203, "lower": -0.4636153782571994, "upper": -0.03284065879493231 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.16625214090337603, "se": 0.11033225373425892, "pvalue": 0.13361655376104808, "lower": -0.3839713767251654, "upper": 0.051467094918413336 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.10907779305498637, "se": 0.09511587291617542, "pvalue": 0.2529996185780003, "lower": -0.29677046192505036, "upper": 0.07861487581507763 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.04842352888744295, "se": 0.04444903678156576, "pvalue": 0.27743458491783207, "lower": -0.039287996922640296, "upper": 0.1361350546975262 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.014770975824768929, "se": 0.047505208754261806, "pvalue": 0.7562127228458937, "lower": -0.1085132623953273, "upper": 0.07897131074578945 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.007649722530096707, "se": 0.04535191777274619, "pvalue": 0.8662429413557448, "lower": -0.09714290830618846, "upper": 0.08184346324599506 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.019407030041821524, "se": 0.035558953462980526, "pvalue": 0.5859031653190865, "lower": -0.08957570613203708, "upper": 0.05076164604839403 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.07712869505651006, "se": 0.02521122606091634, "pvalue": 0.0025595913326918606, "lower": -0.12687814443632206, "upper": -0.02737924567669807 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.02898304921052325, "se": 0.014273384740470808, "pvalue": 0.043778670189921834, "lower": -0.05714879687820427, "upper": -0.0008173015428422289 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.030337025752949623, "se": 0.018951144055222698, "pvalue": 0.11118421165998936, "lower": -0.007059369788733866, "upper": 0.06773342129463311 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.04445151622032978, "se": 0.03827707294631764, "pvalue": 0.24706246133650944, "lower": -0.031080839816185285, "upper": 0.11998387225684484 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": 0.021353605924739276, "se": 0.04460346865566695, "pvalue": 0.6327056179458204, "lower": -0.06666266114166616, "upper": 0.10936987299114473 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.014167798443932308, "se": 0.05018882953700267, "pvalue": 0.7780473792467041, "lower": -0.11320568848744313, "upper": 0.08487009159957852 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.037879297105506006, "se": 0.03776888141381274, "pvalue": 0.31725163294596476, "lower": -0.03665024181848491, "upper": 0.11240883602949692 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.18490207583618265, "se": 0.08862948642807676, "pvalue": 0.03837461138963311, "lower": -0.35979512300328564, "upper": -0.010009028669079628 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.1721831611431766, "se": 0.08911221061979976, "pvalue": 0.054912848437818365, "lower": -0.34802877058085335, "upper": 0.0036624482945001313 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.12406949371371426, "se": 0.05251363830091445, "pvalue": 0.019219977229828284, "lower": -0.22769494152369446, "upper": -0.02044404590373404 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.10298310920597954, "se": 0.06680149917807347, "pvalue": 0.12492982352200634, "lower": -0.23480287052282867, "upper": 0.028836652110869596 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.038134812985488285, "se": 0.04367995101642488, "pvalue": 0.38380509957335773, "lower": -0.12432869767612889, "upper": 0.04805907170515233 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.0005423745166645395, "se": 0.3100689292292717, "pvalue": 0.9986062839159316, "lower": -0.6124030774301937, "upper": 0.6113183283968647 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.12257350771261923, "se": 0.321390253235614, "pvalue": 0.7033697057996476, "lower": -0.7567746408061435, "upper": 0.5116276253809051 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.10882208619220707, "se": 0.3197673742160379, "pvalue": 0.7340172995260106, "lower": -0.7398207832979347, "upper": 0.5221766109135204 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.10615718070561789, "se": 0.21380141466187072, "pvalue": 0.620135123035381, "lower": -0.5280526740208815, "upper": 0.3157383126096457 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.1930212099248894, "se": 0.1221398634291077, "pvalue": 0.11579689040278181, "lower": -0.4340404661182031, "upper": 0.04799804626842433 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.0853641421320901, "se": 0.10764739987201269, "pvalue": 0.42882898303992273, "lower": -0.2977853412384387, "upper": 0.1270570569742585 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.026725448483664312, "se": 0.11272395074196005, "pvalue": 0.8128599692127655, "lower": -0.19571333603952407, "upper": 0.2491642330068527 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.04879197988226866, "se": 0.07794236970276269, "pvalue": 0.5321118747851338, "lower": -0.105012121778674, "upper": 0.20259608154321132 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.037646299242699355, "se": 0.11792012569493437, "pvalue": 0.7499072840823943, "lower": -0.27033872403578296, "upper": 0.19504612555038423 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.004677786198298176, "se": 0.12352290001485079, "pvalue": 0.9698337016328847, "lower": -0.2484261960014603, "upper": 0.23907062360486395 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.2439442525732283, "se": 0.11743538066334529, "pvalue": 0.03920491885706754, "lower": -0.4756801273614495, "upper": -0.012208377785007107 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.20864623853543465, "se": 0.0969758836506757, "pvalue": 0.032774794636229974, "lower": -0.40000927669489156, "upper": -0.017283200375977747 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.15611622384604665, "se": 0.06395940962026224, "pvalue": 0.015625717368425746, "lower": -0.2823276743950027, "upper": -0.029904773297090542 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.1041430872392126, "se": 0.07580489466395203, "pvalue": 0.1712122491093756, "lower": -0.25372929779136966, "upper": 0.045443123312944464 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.007953101335138723, "se": 0.11156496992967951, "pvalue": 0.9432491444764393, "lower": -0.22810486272373592, "upper": 0.2121986600534585 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 ], "weights": [ 0.23770491803278687, 0.23770491803278687, 0.13934426229508196, 0.13934426229508196, 0.13934426229508196, 0.09016393442622951, 0.01639344262295082 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 2.7755575615628914e-17, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 7.666651572928057e-16 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.1738902308763628, "df_num": 10, "df_den": 1370, "pvalue": 0.9979580492039667, "log10_pvalue": -0.0008877146065728391, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 1913, "design_columns": 40, "restricted_design_columns": 30, "fixed_effect_rank": 503, "covariance_rank": 10, "rss_unrestricted": 296.57494315525946, "rss_restricted": 296.9513773548026, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 5, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-4.0]" ], "data": [ [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, -0.45454545454545453 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.04545454545454544 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.04545454545454544 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.04545454545454544 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.04545454545454544 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.36433695602529614 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.05902535715371996 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.21069455552762414 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.13235384097285363 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.14445159970386326 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.10162681288570438 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.2632517195404305 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.26275660314307875 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.17242203873907155 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.07174052587216392 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.17807074225934189 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.3829215776250793 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.05781908806608634 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.19146019109300588 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.016623795743306274 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.13743281482005215 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.11858872182420836 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.09542518640052483 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.07917040999456543 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.0839037569877538 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.17900526713712023 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.25815233766571516 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.19829299443034173 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.2252005322145739 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.11389666168447954 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "b42dd52795225c55faa7af833b12a94304ddde96f066412b80dea4620c4bcc24", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "538c06b81a46a104838d662d6e6489d0d2daa7f680fd234049f28c97c87ef555" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P021", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLNONE-SHNONE-FELGA-TRDINNPC-SFULL", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Figure 4 specification curve: outcome=theft, interacted controls=none, simultaneous shocks=none, added fixed effects=lga, treatment=DINNPC, sample=full", "outcome_label": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "Local participation (DI+NNPC): binary indicator equal to one from the earliest observed year of indigenous Nigerian ownership or operatorship onward; explicitly recoded as absorbing", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "Fixed local-government-area-by-calendar-year effects", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced full field sample oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; exact Figure 4 e(sample) and N pending code recovery", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "The archive supplies frozen estimates but not this specification\u2019s input sample or required outcome/controls.", "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "The archive supplies frozen estimates but not this specification\u2019s input sample or required outcome/controls." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P022", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLNONE-SHNONE-FELGA-TRDINNPC-SONSHORE", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Figure 4 specification curve: outcome=theft, interacted controls=none, simultaneous shocks=none, added fixed effects=lga, treatment=DINNPC, sample=onshore", "outcome_label": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "Local participation (DI+NNPC): binary indicator equal to one from the earliest observed year of indigenous Nigerian ownership or operatorship onward; explicitly recoded as absorbing", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "Fixed local-government-area-by-calendar-year effects", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced onshore field subsample oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; exact Figure 4 e(sample) and N pending code recovery", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P022.json", "input_bytes": 46829, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": {}, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": "archive_time_fe", "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p022", "specification_id": "S22-P022", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLNONE-SHNONE-FELGA-TRDINNPC-SONSHORE", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "data": "analyses/full-archive/prepared/S22-P022.parquet", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P022" }, "source": { "file": "S22-P022.parquet", "bytes": 46829, "sha256": "8ffbc46f82f4a3d317aa8ef1ce2e3a7a0c0053dc4d5fbd08c9e36ec3b78d5eb0" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 2099, "source_sd": 22.568199740335043, "rows": 1762, "units": 161, "clusters": 161, "treated_units": 31, "never_treated_units": 130, "treated_cohorts": 5, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 1762, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 55, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 20, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 189 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.17108040462993862, "se": 0.09706403855215703, "pvalue": 0.0798854675491883, "lower": -0.3627723257865712, "upper": 0.020611516526693963 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.19515060145274865, "se": 0.1193498612840398, "pvalue": 0.10399104605852183, "lower": -0.4308548286884778, "upper": 0.04055362578298047 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.125137492519933, "se": 0.06919898455216682, "pvalue": 0.07242645220407504, "lower": -0.26179867506247845, "upper": 0.011523690022612415 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.15152466684137159, "se": 0.08886325415103849, "pvalue": 0.09010826475535305, "lower": -0.32702084609100496, "upper": 0.023971512408261786 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.9489539823413421, "se": 0.7815034003823244, "pvalue": 0.2264348492426893, "lower": -2.4923462669023233, "upper": 0.594438302219639 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.06414521940121505, "se": 0.20436392816692162, "pvalue": 0.7540230037651923, "lower": -0.4677438599459597, "upper": 0.3394534211435296 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.15021557396933358, "se": 0.19485986556383272, "pvalue": 0.4419088556025776, "lower": -0.5350446264528927, "upper": 0.23461347851422557 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.13737038856363204, "se": 0.1930595394002061, "pvalue": 0.47778321014170394, "lower": -0.5186439740981347, "upper": 0.2439031969708706 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.13757383144034577, "se": 0.16225235120464546, "pvalue": 0.3977600777765598, "lower": -0.4580062529481975, "upper": 0.18285859006750602 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.12214203725295272, "se": 0.11859073223705169, "pvalue": 0.3045898255388608, "lower": -0.35634705934954314, "upper": 0.11206298484363766 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.011964739247826529, "se": 0.11296106876679562, "pvalue": 0.9157791860262063, "lower": -0.23505173017472872, "upper": 0.21112225167907564 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.08095357821690226, "se": 0.1180031551348841, "pvalue": 0.4936877564994918, "lower": -0.15209103694399662, "upper": 0.3139981933778011 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.1183900446529295, "se": 0.08888389930705866, "pvalue": 0.18476664618433206, "lower": -0.057146906747534545, "upper": 0.29392699605339356 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.08397231171279951, "se": 0.12338702775145542, "pvalue": 0.49713340520387533, "lower": -0.32764954530301066, "upper": 0.15970492187741164 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.09216407186982163, "se": 0.14557509183112816, "pvalue": 0.5275700385777295, "lower": -0.37966054782437614, "upper": 0.1953324040847329 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.41221287943647406, "se": 0.19002246003637754, "pvalue": 0.03153705003784185, "lower": -0.7874885321975055, "upper": -0.036937226675442636 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.41640202109271757, "se": 0.18616957918274077, "pvalue": 0.026689353308676552, "lower": -0.7840686134454045, "upper": -0.04873542874003062 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.23570915726198646, "se": 0.10533887149442989, "pvalue": 0.02662619780841456, "lower": -0.4437430589050597, "upper": -0.027675255618913208 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.05362813487897218, "se": 0.135742465730558, "pvalue": 0.6933154698522173, "lower": -0.3217061422086061, "upper": 0.21444987245066177 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.04420576524775045, "se": 0.08706307847833654, "pvalue": 0.6123320261942725, "lower": -0.21614677475308924, "upper": 0.1277352442575883 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.3606853461258782, "se": 0.39025290818781455, "pvalue": 0.3567558207720291, "lower": -1.1313964233008416, "upper": 0.41002573104908524 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.012668554630871283, "se": 0.050058124269451255, "pvalue": 0.800533661729659, "lower": -0.08619131307958183, "upper": 0.1115284223413244 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.03381163722409248, "se": 0.04633203965396848, "pvalue": 0.46659909536748345, "lower": -0.1253128546147337, "upper": 0.057689580166548744 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.028340694417027166, "se": 0.044643721584377925, "pvalue": 0.5264530222965162, "lower": -0.11650764981825645, "upper": 0.05982626098420213 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.019555909453226644, "se": 0.03506598591619839, "pvalue": 0.5778363026558524, "lower": -0.08880777974209288, "upper": 0.04969596083563958 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.04257231698261371, "se": 0.029244912324539137, "pvalue": 0.14743019311757713, "lower": -0.10032813995443263, "upper": 0.01518350598920521 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.013575629317751593, "se": 0.017553685273763185, "pvalue": 0.44043996267156305, "lower": -0.04824242974866955, "upper": 0.021091171113166364 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.037516996847169366, "se": 0.03933702524523749, "pvalue": 0.3416577450627481, "lower": -0.04016975567544095, "upper": 0.11520374936977967 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.057442254750585134, "se": 0.04516250330625345, "pvalue": 0.2052536923908844, "lower": -0.03174924348247604, "upper": 0.1466337529836463 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": 0.015447636602300925, "se": 0.042306944858001926, "pvalue": 0.7154947778111954, "lower": -0.06810441479663484, "upper": 0.09899968800123671 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.03487342323012962, "se": 0.06379204879665193, "pvalue": 0.5853646298547968, "lower": -0.16085643991428458, "upper": 0.09110959345402533 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.02887851380562539, "se": 0.07982645275028044, "pvalue": 0.718004053761668, "lower": -0.18652789987148427, "upper": 0.12877087226023348 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.30123751913128133, "se": 0.14425958513082818, "pvalue": 0.038367098912276736, "lower": -0.5861359988512219, "upper": -0.01633903941134074 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.2893872584404175, "se": 0.148013056329213, "pvalue": 0.05230811075108731, "lower": -0.5816984742854663, "upper": 0.0029239574046313055 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.15229154081500612, "se": 0.06266533531370208, "pvalue": 0.016194689284599575, "lower": -0.2760494092840095, "upper": -0.02853367234600275 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.07872577415984432, "se": 0.0775930096141358, "pvalue": 0.3118289217085499, "lower": -0.2319643298919581, "upper": 0.07451278157226944 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.022202368877667522, "se": 4.594033075797778e-05, "pvalue": 4.288677014636929e-255, "lower": 0.022111641246786638, "upper": 0.022293096508548407 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.8135242267009909, "se": 0.7873348064004435, "pvalue": 0.3030399120989441, "lower": -2.3684329641041537, "upper": 0.7413845107021718 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.05699213194162724, "se": 0.28875836895807516, "pvalue": 0.8437888060848793, "lower": -0.6272614852602161, "upper": 0.5132772213769616 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.1542310255063943, "se": 0.29720394109846815, "pvalue": 0.6045195784005296, "lower": -0.7411795524201445, "upper": 0.4327175014073559 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.13760200932014532, "se": 0.2941602377476625, "pvalue": 0.6405790949014885, "lower": -0.7185395217382098, "upper": 0.44333550309791914 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.09777116437760722, "se": 0.2087622664979829, "pvalue": 0.6401807585513469, "lower": -0.5100560901537762, "upper": 0.3145137613985617 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.13089761344398637, "se": 0.12453277169374254, "pvalue": 0.29479311824917565, "lower": -0.3768375785331818, "upper": 0.11504235164520907 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.024658468833905822, "se": 0.11287188660974827, "pvalue": 0.8273458331290132, "lower": -0.24756933377973095, "upper": 0.1982523961119193 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.077021248640817, "se": 0.12441621944569495, "pvalue": 0.5367565059240158, "lower": -0.16868853723188765, "upper": 0.32273103451352164 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.11009419883104049, "se": 0.09156207605561337, "pvalue": 0.23098519524624614, "lower": -0.07073188800810212, "upper": 0.29092028567018313 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.07670987471635783, "se": 0.13107607152768583, "pvalue": 0.5592163815580007, "lower": -0.3355722128551608, "upper": 0.18215246342244518 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.06406308900728921, "se": 0.14517027792694084, "pvalue": 0.6595943568786194, "lower": -0.35076009735095415, "upper": 0.22263391933637575 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.3590321515127748, "se": 0.1706952078905814, "pvalue": 0.03699925972854912, "lower": -0.6961383838605446, "upper": -0.02192591916500497 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.30886988846874625, "se": 0.13847760527878872, "pvalue": 0.027107318326209693, "lower": -0.5823495271590009, "upper": -0.03539024977849159 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.15266828261990284, "se": 0.060023025137252155, "pvalue": 0.011923033996754876, "lower": -0.27120784859942926, "upper": -0.03412871664037641 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.06123213817246407, "se": 0.08382793476221836, "pvalue": 0.4661832067934577, "lower": -0.22678405730601428, "upper": 0.10431978096108616 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.22155068005108694, "se": 2.7223874404368186e-16, "pvalue": 0.0, "lower": 0.2215506800510864, "upper": 0.22155068005108747 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 ], "weights": [ 0.25203252032520324, 0.23577235772357724, 0.13821138211382114, 0.13821138211382114, 0.13821138211382114, 0.08943089430894309, 0.008130081300813009 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 5.551115123125783e-17, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 1.967482199989484e-16 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.21009151489997843, "df_num": 10, "df_den": 1251, "pvalue": 0.9954625342637035, "log10_pvalue": -0.001975080657892691, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 1762, "design_columns": 50, "restricted_design_columns": 40, "fixed_effect_rank": 461, "covariance_rank": 10, "rss_unrestricted": 288.9145267037833, "rss_restricted": 289.3997264687058, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 5, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.12620027562272965 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.08998087658853819 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.7464784126857945 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.0617399103357573 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.012698786892192266 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.24938937985939982 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.5316723164453585 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.619232301404896 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.5596343054467985 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.16483765121218996 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.3434253848478461 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.147496741656692 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.0592135509284822 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.6457446571486762 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.14424287644012132 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.011572745594955632 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.29858176791748803 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.25668262057288455 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.09416828571120049 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.37865398921437865 }, { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.7158424746235127 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.3665976887225263 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.45572954365894847 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.15508815968004327 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.5255416647652906 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.15780814704361693 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.7112043758170088 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.07527384551132417 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.2487773901296517 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.22603507935814723 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.8788423553746073 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.13486604836277086 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.6226309734954486 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -0.4813579967298047 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "b42dd52795225c55faa7af833b12a94304ddde96f066412b80dea4620c4bcc24", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "538c06b81a46a104838d662d6e6489d0d2daa7f680fd234049f28c97c87ef555" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P023", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLNONE-SHNONE-FELGA-TRNNPC-SFULL", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Figure 4 specification curve: outcome=theft, interacted controls=none, simultaneous shocks=none, added fixed effects=lga, treatment=NNPC, sample=full", "outcome_label": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "NNPC administrative-data local-participation indicator, set to one from its source-specific first observed local operatorship year onward; exact cohorts pending package audit", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "Fixed local-government-area-by-calendar-year effects", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced full field sample oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; exact Figure 4 e(sample) and N pending code recovery", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P023.json", "input_bytes": 63444, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": {}, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": "archive_time_fe", "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p023", "specification_id": "S22-P023", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLNONE-SHNONE-FELGA-TRNNPC-SFULL", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "data": "analyses/full-archive/prepared/S22-P023.parquet", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P023" }, "source": { "file": "S22-P023.parquet", "bytes": 63444, "sha256": "753e37b2aa052eeb744aaf133029523613931cc42828bcb4c8760cb34c9fdb96" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 2998, "source_sd": 19.939430415899118, "rows": 2750, "units": 257, "clusters": 257, "treated_units": 28, "never_treated_units": 229, "treated_cohorts": 5, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2750, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 2, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 28, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 1, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 37 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.22004242857243222, "se": 0.12222233244634166, "pvalue": 0.07298319741833209, "lower": -0.46073167659183, "upper": 0.02064681944696556 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.1344774084298636, "se": 0.1122003127260043, "pvalue": 0.23181226645462938, "lower": -0.3554305546923866, "upper": 0.08647573783265941 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.2669492708668354, "se": 0.13796148942081793, "pvalue": 0.054097362017032115, "lower": -0.5386332297612615, "upper": 0.00473468802759075 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.2009834428455899, "se": 0.11516621346235127, "pvalue": 0.08215694739259982, "lower": -0.4277772599875116, "upper": 0.025810374296331817 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.1369467983083657, "se": 0.13591012430581595, "pvalue": 0.31458469755288415, "lower": -0.4045910574436679, "upper": 0.1306974608269365 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.04645574262078651, "se": 0.09212764870095942, "pvalue": 0.6145165556905096, "lower": -0.2278803157229576, "upper": 0.1349688304813846 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.04807000194665357, "se": 0.06926756482506241, "pvalue": 0.4883267331245442, "lower": -0.1844768087566817, "upper": 0.08833680486337459 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.07651384556975689, "se": 0.0701930571705614, "pvalue": 0.27671669793493014, "lower": -0.21474320029085242, "upper": 0.061715509151338624 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.08130485072120786, "se": 0.07029004491313336, "pvalue": 0.24847110832114033, "lower": -0.21972520087136696, "upper": 0.05711549942895125 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.03586712479432753, "se": 0.06312892344440389, "pvalue": 0.5704265241505485, "lower": -0.08845101582680986, "upper": 0.1601852654154649 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.15099736296510802, "se": 0.05815673572474648, "pvalue": 0.009965587296676274, "lower": 0.036470821794758634, "upper": 0.2655239041354574 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.1332083297644077, "se": 0.14835531060836102, "pvalue": 0.37008219967558276, "lower": -0.1589439098083971, "upper": 0.42536056933721245 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.1679311668050255, "se": 0.10860714110087577, "pvalue": 0.12328531769283368, "lower": -0.04594604039508021, "upper": 0.38180837400513123 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.06783464170120382, "se": 0.08033737518883576, "pvalue": 0.3992498544188601, "lower": -0.22604093702405073, "upper": 0.0903716536216431 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.20863888192615485, "se": 0.17501262490822364, "pvalue": 0.23431175522846454, "lower": -0.5532866745180243, "upper": 0.1360089106657146 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.2361165252800445, "se": 0.2546495001204249, "pvalue": 0.3546848136258764, "lower": -0.7375911368810701, "upper": 0.2653580863209812 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.3564678073377102, "se": 0.2643475853919114, "pvalue": 0.1786953692012217, "lower": -0.8770406050435285, "upper": 0.1641049903681081 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.16821583525190212, "se": 0.20574578022796278, "pvalue": 0.4143512228864745, "lower": -0.5733856281616666, "upper": 0.2369539576578624 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.08514563437338475, "se": 0.18783604932047504, "pvalue": 0.6507184275231312, "lower": -0.28475499308950475, "upper": 0.4550462618362742 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.07712338853071957, "se": 0.1301930278544011, "pvalue": 0.5541208442478119, "lower": -0.17926234183816817, "upper": 0.3335091188996073 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.07273416547425415, "se": 0.05665081362206643, "pvalue": 0.20033660747599813, "lower": -0.1842951335679403, "upper": 0.03882680261943201 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.02691923453062158, "se": 0.04238283640239936, "pvalue": 0.5259013157223723, "lower": -0.11038264762741523, "upper": 0.056544178566172075 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.028514891823245375, "se": 0.032351589853673, "pvalue": 0.37892478465038393, "lower": -0.09222403301093349, "upper": 0.03519424936444274 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.048128177700207456, "se": 0.03257907949249327, "pvalue": 0.1408317484289945, "lower": -0.11228530829379153, "upper": 0.016028952893376622 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.04889813716672087, "se": 0.04202526290958445, "pvalue": 0.24569320428646643, "lower": -0.13165739012048114, "upper": 0.0338611157870394 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.016250265425493085, "se": 0.02653268747444192, "pvalue": 0.5407757042241004, "lower": -0.035999863240319896, "upper": 0.06850039409130607 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.06434992780622417, "se": 0.025863054326410884, "pvalue": 0.013479421781406823, "lower": 0.01341849021447665, "upper": 0.1152813653979717 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.043845740171659334, "se": 0.08478065390402366, "pvalue": 0.6054862591643957, "lower": -0.12311058790947, "upper": 0.2108020682527887 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.07250395694768283, "se": 0.06266989455516372, "pvalue": 0.24838406971583316, "lower": -0.05091023006727624, "upper": 0.1959181439626419 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.02735821131358611, "se": 0.024899827379692485, "pvalue": 0.2729176838796567, "lower": -0.07639279122934832, "upper": 0.021676368602176102 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.10414453932929059, "se": 0.07080553224870778, "pvalue": 0.1425589085811739, "lower": -0.24358002522984457, "upper": 0.0352909465712634 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.364436850897061, "se": 0.22907374792969296, "pvalue": 0.11286280086521293, "lower": -0.815545801500574, "upper": 0.08667209970645195 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.4604079048658346, "se": 0.31672842830886827, "pvalue": 0.14727199040936234, "lower": -1.0841329288461723, "upper": 0.16331711911450297 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.5926587983892169, "se": 0.333814846565922, "pvalue": 0.07701796299765575, "lower": -1.2500316597109067, "upper": 0.06471406293247284 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.3769918713687421, "se": 0.2697143572380943, "pvalue": 0.1633996777594374, "lower": -0.9081333127429877, "upper": 0.15414957000550344 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.12183942239237039, "se": 0.196612635971055, "pvalue": 0.5360112537017883, "lower": -0.5090235527865477, "upper": 0.2653447080018068 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.3917650628289626, "se": 0.14207045449663053, "pvalue": 0.00624331002981254, "lower": -0.6715406993606936, "upper": -0.11198942629723163 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.05725005915998947, "se": 0.1367229161431882, "pvalue": 0.6757641693172961, "lower": -0.3264949280383541, "upper": 0.21199480971837514 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.012789284793126037, "se": 0.09629870096750119, "pvalue": 0.894449173052437, "lower": -0.20242780221618706, "upper": 0.17684923262993496 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.021598781756455132, "se": 0.07680333624944297, "pvalue": 0.778767359608729, "lower": -0.17284558647092935, "upper": 0.12964802295801908 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.04984957906777722, "se": 0.07895889213738817, "pvalue": 0.5283842505015213, "lower": -0.2053412637100755, "upper": 0.10564210557452107 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.044996945491350984, "se": 0.07412921685867983, "pvalue": 0.5443843150715808, "lower": -0.1909776767117734, "upper": 0.10098378572907142 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.054633853766515014, "se": 0.05586818556457168, "pvalue": 0.3290438432500734, "lower": -0.0553859053282348, "upper": 0.16465361286126484 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.15734521342943017, "se": 0.058139325284240116, "pvalue": 0.007260202375971406, "lower": 0.04285295818497736, "upper": 0.271837468673883 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.13069069577467046, "se": 0.1709297997615488, "pvalue": 0.4452217389207803, "lower": -0.20591689585982254, "upper": 0.46729828740916346 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.15132496846596552, "se": 0.12663345941212586, "pvalue": 0.23319912946141672, "lower": -0.09805099671110723, "upper": 0.40070093364303827 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.05531692560067952, "se": 0.07650987552008298, "pvalue": 0.470337621703163, "lower": -0.2059858257631858, "upper": 0.09535197456182676 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.28820465800458195, "se": 0.19130535072003568, "pvalue": 0.13316757910202667, "lower": -0.6649372901289721, "upper": 0.08852797411980823 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.3463601692464539, "se": 0.2735303677610341, "pvalue": 0.20657153166215078, "lower": -0.8850163805061764, "upper": 0.1922960420132685 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.4849005410131281, "se": 0.2774011552892877, "pvalue": 0.08166079082497711, "lower": -1.0311793930846451, "upper": 0.06137831105838898 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.3425236483194953, "se": 0.17617668985825558, "pvalue": 0.05296613420454406, "lower": -0.689463803623326, "upper": 0.004416506984335433 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.0684414281498992, "se": 0.10490705395810841, "pvalue": 0.514728127270507, "lower": -0.2750321503503025, "upper": 0.13814929405050405 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.3573860482432696, "se": 0.1392765032120905, "pvalue": 0.010857222568215065, "lower": -0.6316596294613859, "upper": -0.08311246702515324 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 ], "weights": [ 0.4444444444444444, 0.15873015873015872, 0.1111111111111111, 0.1111111111111111, 0.07936507936507936, 0.07936507936507936, 0.015873015873015872 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 2.220446049250313e-16, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 1.5971159620410351e-15 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.6454846584141168, "df_num": 9, "df_den": 2083, "pvalue": 0.7586733997657202, "log10_pvalue": -0.11994514268891002, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2750, "design_columns": 50, "restricted_design_columns": 41, "fixed_effect_rank": 617, "covariance_rank": 9, "rss_unrestricted": 427.0954912115324, "rss_restricted": 428.2866348914623, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 5, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ -0.45454545454545453, 0.04545454545454544, 0.04545454545454545, 0.04545454545454545, 0.04545454545454545, 0.04545454545454545 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_8,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.04582418363667629 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.10205719928658542 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.1756394896367899 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.005059494982776657 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.7633311351946949 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.37562862457250124 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.15517030431300047 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.46926800034547067 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 1.0697200216111835 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.9339307623020926 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.13897121547744895 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.05564194542053698 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.10992916772630186 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.13264177857178003 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.030234557966999816 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.07923517419659806 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.5751990929453976 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.40663257859541324 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.3270902085623723 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.958586881950832 }, { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.026033458160696195 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.10244918154969627 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.006103108069076335 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.035796513588436 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.17564343737761606 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.17404588539498336 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.08233187593878166 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.2893063349116543 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.9006096984498353 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.6484762555352818 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.14509714338258478 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.17621286563816116 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.17995880076518445 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.8389447713313104 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "b42dd52795225c55faa7af833b12a94304ddde96f066412b80dea4620c4bcc24", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "538c06b81a46a104838d662d6e6489d0d2daa7f680fd234049f28c97c87ef555" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P024", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLNONE-SHNONE-FELGA-TRNNPC-SONSHORE", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Figure 4 specification curve: outcome=theft, interacted controls=none, simultaneous shocks=none, added fixed effects=lga, treatment=NNPC, sample=onshore", "outcome_label": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "NNPC administrative-data local-participation indicator, set to one from its source-specific first observed local operatorship year onward; exact cohorts pending package audit", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "Fixed local-government-area-by-calendar-year effects", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced onshore field subsample oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; exact Figure 4 e(sample) and N pending code recovery", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P024.json", "input_bytes": 46730, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": {}, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": "archive_time_fe", "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p024", "specification_id": "S22-P024", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLNONE-SHNONE-FELGA-TRNNPC-SONSHORE", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "data": "analyses/full-archive/prepared/S22-P024.parquet", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P024" }, "source": { "file": "S22-P024.parquet", "bytes": 46730, "sha256": "4e7fc77e6cd19999cf491f05c280479a2e8d64dd0ac46b6b868c61682920d07b" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 2099, "source_sd": 22.568199740335043, "rows": 1916, "units": 175, "clusters": 175, "treated_units": 24, "never_treated_units": 151, "treated_cohorts": 3, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 1916, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 2, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 20, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 35 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.14886186739593033, "se": 0.138167725784353, "pvalue": 0.2827931722551515, "lower": -0.4215623250270723, "upper": 0.12383859023521165 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.07266496795018802, "se": 0.12766140968331688, "pvalue": 0.5699539518481932, "lower": -0.32462919942934365, "upper": 0.17929926352896763 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.16356278859422374, "se": 0.1485784577005009, "pvalue": 0.27248194674948767, "lower": -0.45681081868986223, "upper": 0.12968524150141475 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.10647375061688505, "se": 0.13640938868967972, "pvalue": 0.4361303574332292, "lower": -0.37570379337606485, "upper": 0.16275629214229478 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.06001648295332749, "se": 0.13153145517998285, "pvalue": 0.6487504990075426, "lower": -0.3196189901007193, "upper": 0.19958602419406432 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.0059071913380644376, "se": 0.09654332807952727, "pvalue": 0.9512805501743767, "lower": -0.1846395488580607, "upper": 0.19645393153418958 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.01203710443091926, "se": 0.07987466285446532, "pvalue": 0.880387005340852, "lower": -0.16968504276017987, "upper": 0.14561083389834134 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.04668189477437708, "se": 0.07791237277806705, "pvalue": 0.5498462065830254, "lower": -0.20045687797753214, "upper": 0.10709308842877797 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.06368837495353438, "se": 0.07003030151385121, "pvalue": 0.36437578485904604, "lower": -0.2019065815749593, "upper": 0.07452983166789054 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.06053485455889655, "se": 0.06305266231599672, "pvalue": 0.33835309461236973, "lower": -0.06391164530801653, "upper": 0.18498135442580965 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.15830972956078274, "se": 0.06336686845705557, "pvalue": 0.013406643533574902, "lower": 0.03324308372294302, "upper": 0.2833763753986225 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.058778708544128394, "se": 0.1609802452985632, "pvalue": 0.7154578433115616, "lower": -0.2589466235714787, "upper": 0.3765040406597354 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.11190024931785837, "se": 0.12440056812337363, "pvalue": 0.3696212704381274, "lower": -0.13362808708803642, "upper": 0.3574285857237532 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.013380338187767998, "se": 0.07822460067438519, "pvalue": 0.8643829959985995, "lower": -0.14101088654160324, "upper": 0.1677715629171392 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.1734906532696695, "se": 0.26198914296396414, "pvalue": 0.5087156372958757, "lower": -0.6905763820466756, "upper": 0.3435950755073366 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.4144385409422369, "se": 0.401251396723976, "pvalue": 0.3031005088366022, "lower": -1.2063849878465165, "upper": 0.3775079059620426 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.4202322448951547, "se": 0.39745393258483835, "pvalue": 0.2918355640644174, "lower": -1.2046836693352376, "upper": 0.3642191795449283 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.02221092085091625, "se": 0.12812522068392615, "pvalue": 0.8625752854988604, "lower": -0.27509057213163907, "upper": 0.23066873042980657 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.20118852603904186, "se": 0.10898440372811732, "pvalue": 0.06658677274504401, "lower": -0.01391305866606321, "upper": 0.4162901107441469 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.040979301130979445, "se": 0.04922074904133636, "pvalue": 0.40623333165963554, "lower": -0.13812587217224698, "upper": 0.05616726991028809 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.007160564465377975, "se": 0.03843326556326883, "pvalue": 0.8524174208295421, "lower": -0.08301597170947356, "upper": 0.0686948427787176 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.012010054910901574, "se": 0.03055451137159984, "pvalue": 0.694749107417642, "lower": -0.07231523245095778, "upper": 0.048295122629154634 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.03683075630978341, "se": 0.030810559509083155, "pvalue": 0.2335598024743269, "lower": -0.09764129386695593, "upper": 0.0239797812473891 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.04281561189226336, "se": 0.039726972486165565, "pvalue": 0.2826387055498942, "lower": -0.1212243974156334, "upper": 0.03559317363110668 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.016579475744210193, "se": 0.02563487607738756, "pvalue": 0.5186429650541736, "lower": -0.03401585972893738, "upper": 0.06717481121735777 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.06458154511814518, "se": 0.025814615547664368, "pvalue": 0.013281705267806131, "lower": 0.013631459391125977, "upper": 0.11553163084516438 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.00615791416908288, "se": 0.0789364300256824, "pvalue": 0.9379088958179361, "lower": -0.14963824205751078, "upper": 0.16195407039567652 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.04680994589848972, "se": 0.0615311237625354, "pvalue": 0.44783470264338876, "lower": -0.07463350635019793, "upper": 0.16825339814717738 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.02104392391635557, "se": 0.025399753993056676, "pvalue": 0.4085173256178023, "lower": -0.07117520094436168, "upper": 0.029087353111650536 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.02820412796361103, "se": 0.06310789745099689, "pvalue": 0.6554892154357124, "lower": -0.15275964494364772, "upper": 0.09635138901642565 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.3055513861818761, "se": 0.3238192856576874, "pvalue": 0.3466895145475523, "lower": -0.9446707383123805, "upper": 0.3335679659486282 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.571213660635492, "se": 0.4645946696573839, "pvalue": 0.22054876343126506, "lower": -1.4881801830945713, "upper": 0.34575286182358733 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.6015142023054424, "se": 0.4739460989722166, "pvalue": 0.20607845106756892, "lower": -1.536937560752691, "upper": 0.3339091561418063 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.13614210394286003, "se": 0.17020022833290538, "pvalue": 0.4248630240276504, "lower": -0.47206483764804447, "upper": 0.1997806297623244 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.055449745104701686, "se": 0.10416301463837553, "pvalue": 0.595172258515848, "lower": -0.15013590522624667, "upper": 0.26103539543565 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.014858916090927448, "se": 0.13082977374323274, "pvalue": 0.9097060995756917, "lower": -0.2730765205931698, "upper": 0.2433586884113149 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.013713696502676766, "se": 0.09749478876549057, "pvalue": 0.8883006057191658, "lower": -0.17871093350459857, "upper": 0.2061383265099521 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.0025512538583258894, "se": 0.08124416233309305, "pvalue": 0.9749846947993684, "lower": -0.1577996538686527, "upper": 0.16290216158530446 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.03010604612862598, "se": 0.08464360752801585, "pvalue": 0.7225109861137345, "lower": -0.1971664097367436, "upper": 0.13695431747949166 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.042656434566758716, "se": 0.07201347281277373, "pvalue": 0.5543921301124658, "lower": -0.18478880940443695, "upper": 0.09947594027091952 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.057346740397098084, "se": 0.05660745536075833, "pvalue": 0.3124382071886437, "lower": -0.054378909674804674, "upper": 0.16907239046900085 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.16615027111343805, "se": 0.06343356404517507, "pvalue": 0.009589617570952187, "lower": 0.040951988764257374, "upper": 0.29134855346261873 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.0761309948486862, "se": 0.17268887560535104, "pvalue": 0.6598642181453663, "lower": -0.2647035606746966, "upper": 0.41696555037206895 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.11147800948217469, "se": 0.13716293123643294, "pvalue": 0.41747688907143843, "lower": -0.15923929375102397, "upper": 0.3821953127153733 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.013086721658894278, "se": 0.08313186577719694, "pvalue": 0.8750953984104186, "lower": -0.15098993019651022, "upper": 0.17716337351429876 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.217212248876536, "se": 0.2815769607890833, "pvalue": 0.4415082483338577, "lower": -0.7729582860184813, "upper": 0.33853378826540925 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.4772834412372204, "se": 0.4278532432817622, "pvalue": 0.2661613241474872, "lower": -1.3217337249743073, "upper": 0.3671668424998665 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.5059655821442998, "se": 0.4288303846115516, "pvalue": 0.2396611366004041, "lower": -1.3523444413594237, "upper": 0.34041327707082425 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.10964788521344997, "se": 0.1605825297052811, "pvalue": 0.49563292065161973, "lower": -0.4265882494671387, "upper": 0.20729247904023873 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.11574681986223054, "se": 0.10237740650505214, "pvalue": 0.2597838910557817, "lower": -0.08631459098121863, "upper": 0.3178082307056797 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ], "weights": [ 0.5217391304347826, 0.13043478260869565, 0.08695652173913043, 0.08695652173913043, 0.08695652173913043, 0.08695652173913043 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 1.1102230246251565e-16, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 7.558256339207669e-16 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.12069792313808844, "df_num": 1, "df_den": 1381, "pvalue": 0.7283317035604059, "log10_pvalue": -0.1376707852239965, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 1916, "design_columns": 30, "restricted_design_columns": 29, "fixed_effect_rank": 505, "covariance_rank": 1, "rss_unrestricted": 300.82821386164767, "rss_restricted": 300.854505925829, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 6, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ -0.45454545454545453, 0.045454545454545456, 0.045454545454545456, 0.045454545454545456, 0.045454545454545456, 0.045454545454545456 ], [ 0.04545454545454544, -0.45454545454545453, 0.045454545454545456, 0.045454545454545456, 0.045454545454545456, 0.045454545454545456 ], [ 0.04545454545454544, 0.045454545454545456, -0.45454545454545453, 0.045454545454545456, 0.045454545454545456, 0.045454545454545456 ], [ 0.04545454545454544, 0.045454545454545456, 0.045454545454545456, -0.45454545454545453, 0.045454545454545456, 0.045454545454545456 ], [ 0.04545454545454544, 0.045454545454545456, 0.045454545454545456, 0.045454545454545456, -0.45454545454545453, 0.045454545454545456 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.030413746139161958 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.11420314411430373 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.013260590257102427 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.006387754050145428 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.24217390871063355 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.06456992667435348 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.12223243341261557 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.2711600064076866 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.18231676995175553 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.2171453048739521 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -0.06297338548060309 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.21490945026597166 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.21947295718014664 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.10926550500253372 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.0820792049515361 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "b42dd52795225c55faa7af833b12a94304ddde96f066412b80dea4620c4bcc24", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "538c06b81a46a104838d662d6e6489d0d2daa7f680fd234049f28c97c87ef555" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P025", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLNONE-SHNONE-FENONE-TRDI-SFULL", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Figure 4 specification curve: outcome=theft, interacted controls=none, simultaneous shocks=none, added fixed effects=none, treatment=DI, sample=full", "outcome_label": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "DrillingInfo transaction-data local-participation indicator, set to one from its source-specific first observed indigenous transaction year onward; exact cohorts pending package audit", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced full field sample oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; exact Figure 4 e(sample) and N pending code recovery", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P025.json", "input_bytes": 59635, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": {}, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p025", "specification_id": "S22-P025", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLNONE-SHNONE-FENONE-TRDI-SFULL", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "data": "analyses/full-archive/prepared/S22-P025.parquet", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P025" }, "source": { "file": "S22-P025.parquet", "bytes": 59635, "sha256": "69fe7d1c2a5c08e5a874f33db6d7a99fe98a1174b6fff6732a039456f134e839" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3173, "source_sd": 19.570498923768714, "rows": 3167, "units": 303, "clusters": 303, "treated_units": 52, "never_treated_units": 251, "treated_cohorts": 6, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 3167, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 1, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 0 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.22301288059949576, "se": 0.03722225579187916, "pvalue": 5.913251337281594e-09, "lower": -0.29626070512262126, "upper": -0.14976505607637022 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.2694528460104715, "se": 0.08851593568976024, "pvalue": 0.002539021253199754, "lower": -0.4436389501830821, "upper": -0.09526674183786085 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.22676122848954433, "se": 0.038057946975179384, "pvalue": 7.0892340563983454e-09, "lower": -0.30165356809773497, "upper": -0.1518688888813537 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.2030383904269613, "se": 0.05084944258572875, "pvalue": 8.201291415492694e-05, "lower": -0.30310247758072295, "upper": -0.10297430327319965 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.036212398401398664, "se": 0.14650034576978527, "pvalue": 0.8049345374862602, "lower": -0.324503137133671, "upper": 0.2520783403308737 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.2641048860216666, "se": 0.15133618334759302, "pvalue": 0.08197525128986903, "lower": -0.561911828830933, "upper": 0.03370205678759991 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.21277282415293983, "se": 0.1514313242742803, "pvalue": 0.16102587069137048, "lower": -0.5107669900564197, "upper": 0.08522134175054005 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.006396349130878566, "se": 0.12987246590043575, "pvalue": 0.9607518226413613, "lower": -0.2491732124198795, "upper": 0.2619659106816366 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.00994556381043182, "se": 0.12198735792666998, "pvalue": 0.9350749003855103, "lower": -0.2499984138422093, "upper": 0.23010728622134566 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.1395868543546472, "se": 0.09931564118573478, "pvalue": 0.16090437231017737, "lower": -0.3350251614429974, "upper": 0.055851452733702955 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.1368610354855709, "se": 0.1032242164984532, "pvalue": 0.18588747797554336, "lower": -0.3399908333917312, "upper": 0.0662687624205894 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.03470191398787716, "se": 0.08916957406853146, "pvalue": 0.6974263902437349, "lower": -0.14077045261701354, "upper": 0.21017428059276788 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.25965625127874986, "se": 0.10044947782060148, "pvalue": 0.010208347922788531, "lower": -0.45732577904681837, "upper": -0.061986723510681324 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.26924016164337633, "se": 0.0983564560022445, "pvalue": 0.00656005753805486, "lower": -0.46279093595030907, "upper": -0.07568938733644362 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.4475619996213586, "se": 0.09146364160189444, "pvalue": 1.6158546132974816e-06, "lower": -0.6275487475433706, "upper": -0.2675752516993466 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.3147090816425161, "se": 0.09466201247698192, "pvalue": 0.0009947500016375117, "lower": -0.5009897444182699, "upper": -0.1284284188667623 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.18856569027528808, "se": 0.09448093130560622, "pvalue": 0.04685282039161766, "lower": -0.37449001242677854, "upper": -0.002641368123797616 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.05413190857053478, "se": 0.10888924194328015, "pvalue": 0.6194603934239175, "lower": -0.26840962808633206, "upper": 0.16014581094526253 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.08099006400218974, "se": 0.10631679409916961, "pvalue": 0.44678548657380296, "lower": -0.2902055914430669, "upper": 0.1282254634386874 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.07019253239470104, "se": 0.07793010333020468, "pvalue": 0.3684594879453465, "lower": -0.2235473039517017, "upper": 0.08316223916229963 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.04622850389327146, "se": 0.06009821495785783, "pvalue": 0.4423663165218529, "lower": -0.07203578207584097, "upper": 0.1644927898623839 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.16009517509549723, "se": 0.06594079287946732, "pvalue": 0.015772266267459825, "lower": -0.2898567793560526, "upper": -0.030333570834941898 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.10756952928507026, "se": 0.05756414938956291, "pvalue": 0.06263397043843347, "lower": -0.22084715374945313, "upper": 0.005708095179312617 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.0716044672837706, "se": 0.04642849514177666, "pvalue": 0.1240593811103919, "lower": -0.019759857437236725, "upper": 0.16296879200477793 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.057418664056095525, "se": 0.04275918971468019, "pvalue": 0.1803328168760103, "lower": -0.026725017145924637, "upper": 0.14156234525811567 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.06470729625723838, "se": 0.019099126561850376, "pvalue": 0.0007975123039091405, "lower": -0.10229151680446802, "upper": -0.027123075710008743 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.07303063351701929, "se": 0.029267973768657946, "pvalue": 0.013120909267760838, "lower": -0.1306256223522155, "upper": -0.015435644681823062 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.08209274381815461, "se": 0.0775268649505745, "pvalue": 0.29049417976625547, "lower": -0.07046851500180808, "upper": 0.2346540026381173 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": 0.04853918829950497, "se": 0.08146864643311981, "pvalue": 0.5517537118698954, "lower": -0.11177890610711168, "upper": 0.20885728270612164 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.20187510175384105, "se": 0.03633098423953733, "pvalue": 6.045627500145154e-08, "lower": -0.27336903735004586, "upper": -0.13038116615763623 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.2077094262199321, "se": 0.041918438100888744, "pvalue": 1.2063967296789165e-06, "lower": -0.2901986341675944, "upper": -0.12522021827226978 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.4259598884569273, "se": 0.07295584150352338, "pvalue": 1.3584675057792037e-08, "lower": -0.569526057747315, "upper": -0.28239371916653955 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.2934771575891344, "se": 0.06687551690209075, "pvalue": 1.5801420252906923e-05, "lower": -0.42507815873013377, "upper": -0.16187615644813505 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.14775639204483668, "se": 0.055796380091290045, "pvalue": 0.008518945194490622, "lower": -0.2575553112936826, "upper": -0.03795747279599074 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.011730451861170214, "se": 0.08686421490286485, "pvalue": 0.892667403264725, "lower": -0.18266621690774357, "upper": 0.15920531318540312 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.12320898254930618, "se": 0.07338593528439506, "pvalue": 0.09420229346719104, "lower": -0.26762151198417095, "upper": 0.021203546885558616 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.11739324734368095, "se": 0.02233846893820577, "pvalue": 2.799810722039527e-07, "lower": -0.16135200852273793, "upper": -0.07343448616462397 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.08630456629558055, "se": 0.23469914492800933, "pvalue": 0.7133364389140361, "lower": -0.548157332004774, "upper": 0.37554819941361295 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.4395399444798368, "se": 0.23189196459574177, "pvalue": 0.05898731508192996, "lower": -0.8958685997339202, "upper": 0.01678871077424654 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.38684743826568824, "se": 0.22947831444005623, "pvalue": 0.09287314093986336, "lower": -0.8384263915121237, "upper": 0.06473151498074725 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.0187690599765538, "se": 0.14240308800223236, "pvalue": 0.8952284019421834, "lower": -0.29899700907937, "upper": 0.26145888912626236 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.018133018703852186, "se": 0.12356716623821458, "pvalue": 0.8834302202594108, "lower": -0.26129469488069745, "upper": 0.22502865747299305 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.13852346801470247, "se": 0.09699036160110479, "pvalue": 0.1542621985154194, "lower": -0.32938597314374896, "upper": 0.05233903711434401 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.14250520586298268, "se": 0.09581126490031149, "pvalue": 0.13796483371264942, "lower": -0.3310474252812865, "upper": 0.046037013555321166 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.03960679238624308, "se": 0.07383189248594103, "pvalue": 0.5920455655520528, "lower": -0.10568331402907948, "upper": 0.18489689880156562 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.2580194947523681, "se": 0.0945992898479932, "pvalue": 0.006755058728031723, "lower": -0.4441767287884054, "upper": -0.0718622607163307 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.2496578484294421, "se": 0.09315423689096688, "pvalue": 0.007765142272853102, "lower": -0.4329714346754393, "upper": -0.06634426218344491 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.38241654788231183, "se": 0.06360830828087624, "pvalue": 5.277551203387061e-09, "lower": -0.507588171795202, "upper": -0.25724492396942167 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.16210244096182141, "se": 0.05353299401496971, "pvalue": 0.0026734136859242045, "lower": -0.2674473554057633, "upper": -0.05675752651787952 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.02123824441048114, "se": 0.04458431259218081, "pvalue": 0.634161402689471, "lower": -0.10897349408196183, "upper": 0.06649700526099955 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.043674604426125294, "se": 0.05189279400374419, "pvalue": 0.40066025943668954, "lower": -0.05844264205280071, "upper": 0.1457918509050513 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.009075759215838725, "se": 0.06259057433146477, "pvalue": 0.8848060073224929, "lower": -0.13224463514498142, "upper": 0.11409311671330395 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.04826549001562187, "se": 0.030484632555991344, "pvalue": 0.11440591505315492, "lower": -0.10825468112209899, "upper": 0.011723701090855243 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 ], "weights": [ 0.24528301886792453, 0.24528301886792453, 0.14622641509433962, 0.13679245283018868, 0.13679245283018868, 0.0660377358490566, 0.018867924528301886, 0.0047169811320754715 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 5.551115123125783e-17, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": 1.3877787807814457e-17, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 1.6496726275246621e-15 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.9763265303181284, "df_num": 18, "df_den": 2794, "pvalue": 0.484369966916825, "log10_pvalue": -0.31482279287551146, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 3167, "design_columns": 60, "restricted_design_columns": 42, "fixed_effect_rank": 313, "covariance_rank": 18, "rss_unrestricted": 895.892230811056, "rss_restricted": 901.5272703094244, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 4, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-4.0]" ], "data": [ [ -0.06942148760330573, 0.00033057851239671565, 0.007603305785123965, -0.03537190082644634, -0.017851239669421492, 0.008264462809917359 ], [ 0.006942148760317553, -0.06826410478266165, 0.0003227019124491048, 0.011840439180096352, -0.03214989408362404, -0.0203210311185618 ], [ 0.0069421487602751636, 0.007548169585523767, -0.06754733418867691, 0.004598733833628834, 0.01468266565499239, -0.0308032384420057 ], [ 0.0069421487602751636, 0.007548169585523767, 0.0074526658113230684, -0.063258409023514, 0.007539808512135274, 0.015625332986565786 ], [ 0.0069421487601713265, 0.007548169585411957, 0.007452665811217703, 0.011741590976316938, -0.05963586034217592, 0.008433799129007526 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_5,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.6.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.5245897104569158 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.0551792129947013 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.10258872427466259 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.08379301632787495 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.10473992521519848 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.13048393360373367 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.21204607511344098 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.12149248758415451 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.3824900208070704 }, { "event_time": 6.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.3429580325616819 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.4105643496142851 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.04850163478026548 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.27717144517281167 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.16083308177933142 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.03322283242919599 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.07650726186205484 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.13269694219567205 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.08851627943521105 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.32717920472402556 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.7990216061673434 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.6753489310680795 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.48264612153071895 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.3565886045399129 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.1284043241513893 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.17344513668429473 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.11345149438844027 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.09522557592195663 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.21473252727588624 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.37318415968243707 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.7885222657916292 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.954686831708883 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.406954719576341 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.353030107345305 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.2960023526418223 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.3215105188378717 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.8511249123562115 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.7122254672397506 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.598783873167128 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.3539225458319635 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.4052559051465843 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.604246682592486 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.24631564732957678 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.40586859430391165 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.1640411711811814 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "b42dd52795225c55faa7af833b12a94304ddde96f066412b80dea4620c4bcc24", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "538c06b81a46a104838d662d6e6489d0d2daa7f680fd234049f28c97c87ef555" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P026", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLNONE-SHNONE-FENONE-TRDI-SONSHORE", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Figure 4 specification curve: outcome=theft, interacted controls=none, simultaneous shocks=none, added fixed effects=none, treatment=DI, sample=onshore", "outcome_label": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "DrillingInfo transaction-data local-participation indicator, set to one from its source-specific first observed indigenous transaction year onward; exact cohorts pending package audit", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced onshore field subsample oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; exact Figure 4 e(sample) and N pending code recovery", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P026.json", "input_bytes": 44370, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": {}, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p026", "specification_id": "S22-P026", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLNONE-SHNONE-FENONE-TRDI-SONSHORE", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "data": "analyses/full-archive/prepared/S22-P026.parquet", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P026" }, "source": { "file": "S22-P026.parquet", "bytes": 44370, "sha256": "bd9f77c1ee69daddda89440ae6afdc00697a99a7152c1c25eef613909ce60c5b" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 2291, "source_sd": 21.965037243976433, "rows": 2285, "units": 216, "clusters": 216, "treated_units": 49, "never_treated_units": 167, "treated_cohorts": 5, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2285, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 1, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 0 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.2919596990939979, "se": 0.04187085721399433, "pvalue": 3.7641877114340694e-11, "lower": -0.37448963415719677, "upper": -0.209429764030799 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.25982566489177716, "se": 0.08218676745499057, "pvalue": 0.0017966140534379903, "lower": -0.421820642602613, "upper": -0.09783068718094137 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.29971606272220186, "se": 0.04289053534287368, "pvalue": 3.4490642252004895e-11, "lower": -0.38425584366296855, "upper": -0.21517628178143516 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.21522117011185216, "se": 0.04985220708560556, "pvalue": 2.4118412762033603e-05, "lower": -0.31348281764643054, "upper": -0.11695952257727375 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.21437441743578997, "se": 0.14566462110702705, "pvalue": 0.14256448876531133, "lower": -0.07273916276935691, "upper": 0.5014879976409369 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.09702902555727923, "se": 0.14703302527764295, "pvalue": 0.5100158796276123, "lower": -0.3868398112856843, "upper": 0.19278176017112586 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.04632842039034879, "se": 0.14621001640722234, "pvalue": 0.7516556606182606, "lower": -0.3345170069771144, "upper": 0.24186016619641681 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.17858675209448094, "se": 0.126023222704204, "pvalue": 0.15790288274473363, "lower": -0.06981247061732032, "upper": 0.4269859748062822 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.11356993954231641, "se": 0.115033453142589, "pvalue": 0.32461637527295356, "lower": -0.11316779762491695, "upper": 0.34030767670954976 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.030423506971738557, "se": 0.09479569084985894, "pvalue": 0.7485693786001424, "lower": -0.217271418160314, "upper": 0.15642440421683687 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.057143969250919725, "se": 0.0974537146307277, "pvalue": 0.5582417748565267, "lower": -0.2492310024596247, "upper": 0.13494306395778527 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.05672604850537115, "se": 0.08401302457132827, "pvalue": 0.5002707721285401, "lower": -0.10886858995398356, "upper": 0.22232068696472584 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.21950424825470785, "se": 0.09385584598358584, "pvalue": 0.020266888865009346, "lower": -0.4044996696462252, "upper": -0.034508826863190484 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.2339590619831592, "se": 0.09367078327161521, "pvalue": 0.013250666827337578, "lower": -0.4185897138280801, "upper": -0.04932841013823833 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.52287928883081, "se": 0.08707561223616206, "pvalue": 8.066431400033202e-09, "lower": -0.6945104686442694, "upper": -0.3512481090173507 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.3675718876748796, "se": 0.09798980913879432, "pvalue": 0.00022640924303751945, "lower": -0.560715594854035, "upper": -0.17442818049572414 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.15785431902099795, "se": 0.09611280423056323, "pvalue": 0.10197181497876563, "lower": -0.3472983385534949, "upper": 0.03158970051149898 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.021922516633431026, "se": 0.10165146149246419, "pvalue": 0.8294544592575233, "lower": -0.17843852381950753, "upper": 0.2222835570863696 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.033020152874321966, "se": 0.09208645388873653, "pvalue": 0.7202628467215175, "lower": -0.1484876920880115, "upper": 0.21452799783665544 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.17065007598918752, "se": 0.060081489196042434, "pvalue": 0.0049397877201517275, "lower": 0.052225908637954, "upper": 0.28907424334042103 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.1000224222480849, "se": 0.06472878429467725, "pvalue": 0.12375543359615891, "lower": -0.22760668299672954, "upper": 0.02756183850055975 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.043304228749974874, "se": 0.05373494961168744, "pvalue": 0.42119917332570167, "lower": -0.14921899135948322, "upper": 0.06261053385953347 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.13388417213805598, "se": 0.045472801647216864, "pvalue": 0.0035930002002624874, "lower": 0.044254591642335306, "upper": 0.22351375263377665 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.07837974633637253, "se": 0.03987463446894051, "pvalue": 0.05062590691452195, "lower": -0.0002155156753773646, "upper": 0.15697500834812242 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.05121570578399538, "se": 0.019721821166319927, "pvalue": 0.010056132805995025, "lower": -0.09008858129895869, "upper": -0.012342830269032073 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.08859168364961878, "se": 0.029101983121004562, "pvalue": 0.002624253861150494, "lower": -0.1459534129524542, "upper": -0.03122995434678335 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.0071519481286892875, "se": 0.07066118506022638, "pvalue": 0.9194743819737126, "lower": -0.1321254252650436, "upper": 0.1464293215224222 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.04438731146927191, "se": 0.07571530097294087, "pvalue": 0.5583294342094839, "lower": -0.1936266461370815, "upper": 0.10485202319853767 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.25050159949141854, "se": 0.038486559641009, "pvalue": 5.254171303779268e-10, "lower": -0.3263608839513699, "upper": -0.17464231503146715 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.25646424454516553, "se": 0.05196232606110342, "pvalue": 1.600806377094009e-06, "lower": -0.3588850613351863, "upper": -0.15404342775514476 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.5924931586021887, "se": 0.08658536507587059, "pvalue": 7.964756685026954e-11, "lower": -0.7631580322782554, "upper": -0.42182828492612195 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.4343772121112223, "se": 0.08116275791242687, "pvalue": 2.224493946176014e-07, "lower": -0.5943538064720361, "upper": -0.2744006177504086 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.1901552541522637, "se": 0.06557880604085065, "pvalue": 0.0041235220066339045, "lower": -0.31941495801771536, "upper": -0.06089555028681201 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.002459922836433208, "se": 0.07961037994431071, "pvalue": 0.9753783342587102, "lower": -0.15445684276932586, "upper": 0.15937668844219227 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.06334626892572769, "se": 0.05054695147322905, "pvalue": 0.2114881301310248, "lower": -0.16297729872308253, "upper": 0.03628476087162716 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.2585126168315776, "se": 0.23026912123915744, "pvalue": 0.26283646393313076, "lower": -0.1953614351325621, "upper": 0.7123866687957173 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.18592765726615218, "se": 0.22591637378964863, "pvalue": 0.4114236998620478, "lower": -0.6312221866635936, "upper": 0.25936687213128923 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.12647213309780905, "se": 0.22117436305407603, "pvalue": 0.5680406342618249, "lower": -0.5624198789776444, "upper": 0.3094756127820263 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.2014524819201829, "se": 0.1399261624874169, "pvalue": 0.15140512783300328, "lower": -0.07435025707579496, "upper": 0.47725522091616074 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.12785411411395337, "se": 0.11893665785590991, "pvalue": 0.2835901292196524, "lower": -0.10657707030902622, "upper": 0.3622852985369329 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.013645200407515365, "se": 0.09329799036372839, "pvalue": 0.8838579479118831, "lower": -0.19754105539067918, "upper": 0.17025065457564847 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.05174334427563619, "se": 0.09383064896313542, "pvalue": 0.5818947337411395, "lower": -0.23668910085014416, "upper": 0.1332024122988718 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.06661858183456662, "se": 0.07156473361230621, "pvalue": 0.3529567972878296, "lower": -0.07443973917503388, "upper": 0.20767690284416712 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.2109756525113935, "se": 0.09114984484990069, "pvalue": 0.021578460081026662, "lower": -0.39063738568385675, "upper": -0.03131391933893024 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.20272295369381618, "se": 0.08936495498826984, "pvalue": 0.024292743989619437, "lower": -0.37886656342250813, "upper": -0.026579343965124264 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.5132081154057493, "se": 0.07533290780047883, "pvalue": 9.476026020443102e-11, "lower": -0.661693730522736, "upper": -0.36472250028876263 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.27741830215435254, "se": 0.06236647052775913, "pvalue": 1.3886919754241309e-05, "lower": -0.40034630280337136, "upper": -0.15449030150533374 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.035631812789033615, "se": 0.04753709686930272, "pvalue": 0.4543402987069476, "lower": -0.1293302412130235, "upper": 0.058066615634956284 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.08081407457978546, "se": 0.054099984970453444, "pvalue": 0.13669635274655964, "lower": -0.025820194303519936, "upper": 0.18744834346309086 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.05248889090711425, "se": 0.07465440991357111, "pvalue": 0.48275927594648144, "lower": -0.09465936476053458, "upper": 0.19963714657476309 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 ], "weights": [ 0.24873096446700507, 0.24873096446700507, 0.14720812182741116, 0.13705583756345177, 0.13705583756345177, 0.06598984771573604, 0.015228426395939087 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 1.1102230246251565e-16, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": 1.1102230246251565e-16, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 1.9230187180703844e-15 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 1.5078444923826473, "df_num": 12, "df_den": 2009, "pvalue": 0.11394349161470584, "log10_pvalue": -0.9433104764208009, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2285, "design_columns": 50, "restricted_design_columns": 38, "fixed_effect_rank": 226, "covariance_rank": 12, "rss_unrestricted": 650.3083943939033, "rss_restricted": 656.165421357589, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 5, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-4.0]" ], "data": [ [ -0.09045680687471733, -1.470527279698351e-17, 0.009950248756218898, -0.048846675712347305, -0.02487562189054726, 0.010854816824966076 ], [ 0.009045680687418808, -0.08910891089114635, -4.925865774013175e-06, 0.01577575668014318, -0.044542140781245125, -0.02831320445477678 ], [ 0.009045680687188461, 0.009900990098703303, -0.08825100537591703, 0.005853195796593175, 0.019695655547395056, -0.042722488520451074 ], [ 0.009045680687188461, 0.009900990098703303, 0.009788210310357466, -0.08238209832105392, 0.009891733978767593, 0.02100300167562739 ], [ 0.009045680686628699, 0.009900990098097424, 0.009788210309795535, 0.01565711736519475, -0.07752769981419692, 0.0111446894186547 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.32868649611883793 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.5234008498165845 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.22068714829653366 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.10409042499828457 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.07516229376246471 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.18800443921817717 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.06939688292640048 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.13419145184656048 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.3859466202530302 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.513964616811886 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.5477970285849306 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.27190166560547957 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.1952628536593419 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.05773697897415844 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.09353296678818418 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.04860541485527734 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.28747030787051375 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.14022778019746107 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.7311448485688798 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.9192714543790056 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.6878118296207953 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.2659632612389071 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.1976076433958893 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.099587471402621 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.5525961214248163 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.4769178269636758 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.4973498316783251 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.3257043958356427 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.1029387379163815 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.7697375519349356 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.39985102340265366 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.4446885163065973 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.1611119428066121 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.11712559752934791 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.03940996079149426 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "b42dd52795225c55faa7af833b12a94304ddde96f066412b80dea4620c4bcc24", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "538c06b81a46a104838d662d6e6489d0d2daa7f680fd234049f28c97c87ef555" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P027", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLNONE-SHNONE-FENONE-TRNNPC-SFULL", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Figure 4 specification curve: outcome=theft, interacted controls=none, simultaneous shocks=none, added fixed effects=none, treatment=NNPC, sample=full", "outcome_label": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "NNPC administrative-data local-participation indicator, set to one from its source-specific first observed local operatorship year onward; exact cohorts pending package audit", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced full field sample oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; exact Figure 4 e(sample) and N pending code recovery", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P027.json", "input_bytes": 59810, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": {}, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p027", "specification_id": "S22-P027", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLNONE-SHNONE-FENONE-TRNNPC-SFULL", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "data": "analyses/full-archive/prepared/S22-P027.parquet", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P027" }, "source": { "file": "S22-P027.parquet", "bytes": 59810, "sha256": "5d7a8995bb90629dee8950810c43259871d2d99062c1f60241df1925d5115a55" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3173, "source_sd": 19.570498923768714, "rows": 2906, "units": 272, "clusters": 272, "treated_units": 33, "never_treated_units": 239, "treated_cohorts": 5, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2906, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 32, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 1, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 0 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.16700983145710996, "se": 0.059445867835438024, "pvalue": 0.005324148606290117, "lower": -0.2840442590888308, "upper": -0.049975403825389134 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.0037927161472949607, "se": 0.05390686655937972, "pvalue": 0.9439615423096277, "lower": -0.10992220004450098, "upper": 0.10233676774991107 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.19807752113060523, "se": 0.054752331708987675, "pvalue": 0.0003544754779873052, "lower": -0.30587151987921946, "upper": -0.09028352238199103 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.037306221004405324, "se": 0.051772081071751797, "pvalue": 0.4717855562989292, "lower": -0.13923283249418564, "upper": 0.06462039048537499 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.15872743673009357, "se": 0.16101983894283906, "pvalue": 0.3251285885348032, "lower": -0.158281387839423, "upper": 0.4757362612996101 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.07917605316390455, "se": 0.11614714510444855, "pvalue": 0.4960187476861315, "lower": -0.14948937209302327, "upper": 0.30784147842083237 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.10054599169210171, "se": 0.07280876687648595, "pvalue": 0.16842900018733983, "lower": -0.04279672779766483, "upper": 0.24388871118186825 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.10580189539653966, "se": 0.0900001124029034, "pvalue": 0.2407964435272741, "lower": -0.07138639414147825, "upper": 0.2829901849345576 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.1329981529036572, "se": 0.08004278506421711, "pvalue": 0.09775167968554213, "lower": -0.024586585567517222, "upper": 0.2905828913748316 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.22508810169278784, "se": 0.05802378463937726, "pvalue": 0.00013160564866858447, "lower": 0.11085340933209357, "upper": 0.3393227940534821 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.2697391307226048, "se": 0.10325042840875161, "pvalue": 0.00949057224356317, "lower": 0.06646419788792002, "upper": 0.4730140635572896 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.2596098367403644, "se": 0.13599248949886336, "pvalue": 0.057318080931175096, "lower": -0.008126235593064302, "upper": 0.5273459090737931 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.21771263204805955, "se": 0.13148201074341456, "pvalue": 0.09891249846736828, "lower": -0.04114340675721376, "upper": 0.4765686708533329 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.050469629810345064, "se": 0.0679787472263414, "pvalue": 0.4584683696344743, "lower": -0.08336395799730903, "upper": 0.18430321761799914 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.008540504662875965, "se": 0.08618156723123904, "pvalue": 0.9211329525315747, "lower": -0.16112999995880847, "upper": 0.17821100928456038 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.17461770849591252, "se": 0.10918351355682332, "pvalue": 0.11091808610326684, "lower": -0.3895734401763144, "upper": 0.04033802318448937 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.23163367526505635, "se": 0.1330659598770742, "pvalue": 0.08286356641804124, "lower": -0.4936081239279969, "upper": 0.030340773397884213 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.023147336769921402, "se": 0.1003331054429476, "pvalue": 0.8177181534128842, "lower": -0.220678771596218, "upper": 0.1743840980563752 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.22381509446376183, "se": 0.09339655764261774, "pvalue": 0.017235289906209983, "lower": 0.03994003191550141, "upper": 0.40769015701202227 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.1754392299967599, "se": 0.06550142084062333, "pvalue": 0.00784941496912347, "lower": 0.04648289415238918, "upper": 0.3043955658411306 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.008574731788811584, "se": 0.13015206930430687, "pvalue": 0.9475200216331484, "lower": -0.24766297641120327, "upper": 0.2648124399888264 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.06285974517524034, "se": 0.0886256433774671, "pvalue": 0.47876505061401026, "lower": -0.23734204014127605, "upper": 0.11162254979079536 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.042114157067786366, "se": 0.05025145053993132, "pvalue": 0.40273078335252066, "lower": -0.1410470175970527, "upper": 0.056818703461479984 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.038776309856674566, "se": 0.0625892589878089, "pvalue": 0.5360837149867168, "lower": -0.1619993086664417, "upper": 0.08444668895309254 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.010710978616793591, "se": 0.053577536040659665, "pvalue": 0.8416966174879521, "lower": -0.11619209097593483, "upper": 0.09477013374234763 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.055879129977486806, "se": 0.030025136068174425, "pvalue": 0.06381591144270585, "lower": -0.0032330462301336654, "upper": 0.11499130618510728 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.09472146078565759, "se": 0.0876302785256384, "pvalue": 0.28069296052279136, "lower": -0.07780120334378261, "upper": 0.2672441249150978 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.08125847256766414, "se": 0.11449693480064213, "pvalue": 0.4785003865756051, "lower": -0.1441580907345086, "upper": 0.3066750358698369 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.04387138726308145, "se": 0.11119906754577531, "pvalue": 0.6934999620738834, "lower": -0.1750524790589213, "upper": 0.2627952535850842 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.1583499772371713, "se": 0.04093609956595694, "pvalue": 0.00013736542224403376, "lower": -0.23894318172094609, "upper": -0.07775677275339656 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.10991831125054323, "se": 0.06873315616684034, "pvalue": 0.11094055231096243, "lower": -0.2452371464230093, "upper": 0.025400523921922866 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.1851310451263462, "se": 0.08383005170115723, "pvalue": 0.028052989206968366, "lower": -0.35017198870112864, "upper": -0.020090101551563766 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.40113898411675925, "se": 0.10296061932941897, "pvalue": 0.00012325766357125826, "lower": -0.6038433534967046, "upper": -0.1984346147368139 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.4561948328174118, "se": 0.1301785580491058, "pvalue": 0.0005353042620798371, "lower": -0.7124846909009948, "upper": -0.1999049747338288 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.25158601852964657, "se": 0.0941881692901857, "pvalue": 0.008017694191690275, "lower": -0.4370195715071524, "upper": -0.06615246555214072 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.004274838253158318, "se": 0.08070534257960087, "pvalue": 0.9577960565387931, "lower": -0.16316399101601559, "upper": 0.15461431450969892 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.1070859615202126, "se": 0.022496947234288675, "pvalue": 3.154078520180495e-06, "lower": -0.15137696842946685, "upper": -0.06279495461095835 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.15571990781037884, "se": 0.14984346556965344, "pvalue": 0.29963002769024866, "lower": -0.13928536111503256, "upper": 0.45072517673579027 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.10712077948830312, "se": 0.09645609439496948, "pvalue": 0.26773995194313555, "lower": -0.08277776535852405, "upper": 0.2970193243351303 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.12750259827036195, "se": 0.06488472782546849, "pvalue": 0.05042824906008725, "lower": -0.00023961930673199738, "upper": 0.2552448158474559 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.13356964663310236, "se": 0.08012906932152068, "pvalue": 0.0966833151603501, "lower": -0.024184964514422036, "upper": 0.29132425778062676 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.16126561600233752, "se": 0.07276883185834054, "pvalue": 0.027512997606542845, "lower": 0.018001518831687408, "upper": 0.3045297131729876 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.2300368643682038, "se": 0.05507881584810986, "pvalue": 3.994940300096169e-05, "lower": 0.12160009790932966, "upper": 0.33847363082707793 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.26470993709299756, "se": 0.10431313864519752, "pvalue": 0.011720780556848692, "lower": 0.0593427867705453, "upper": 0.47007708741544985 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.2598535691441913, "se": 0.13787232858075207, "pvalue": 0.060534896455990035, "lower": -0.01158344825067753, "upper": 0.53129058653906 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.21069538491960915, "se": 0.13387220993029164, "pvalue": 0.11668778006198698, "lower": -0.052866373626123564, "upper": 0.47425714346534187 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.055318095400749695, "se": 0.06538587693812475, "pvalue": 0.39828512274447087, "lower": -0.07341076265605317, "upper": 0.18404695345755256 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.03451254271435865, "se": 0.05538199084218821, "pvalue": 0.533695156140232, "lower": -0.07452110142830057, "upper": 0.14354618685701787 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.25355750907873653, "se": 0.10199791172939696, "pvalue": 0.013525120987359801, "lower": -0.4543665417927729, "upper": -0.05274847636470015 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.3162137090460497, "se": 0.1007462748068699, "pvalue": 0.0018843638211396621, "lower": -0.5145585736662466, "upper": -0.11786884442585274 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.13000587450094775, "se": 0.09429341593742582, "pvalue": 0.16911266246723045, "lower": -0.31564663247971636, "upper": 0.055634883477820835 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.12442320167119914, "se": 0.10293314202686073, "pvalue": 0.22780218660379054, "lower": -0.07822707159584782, "upper": 0.3270734749382461 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.05433198992810738, "se": 0.026110177182620653, "pvalue": 0.03838454390612815, "lower": -0.10573656611143545, "upper": -0.0029274137447793183 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 ], "weights": [ 0.4177215189873418, 0.16455696202531644, 0.11392405063291139, 0.11392405063291139, 0.08860759493670886, 0.08860759493670886, 0.012658227848101266 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 5.551115123125783e-17, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": 5.551115123125783e-17, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 2.5415087314080945e-16 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.5228623296012141, "df_num": 9, "df_den": 2574, "pvalue": 0.8589956912870166, "log10_pvalue": -0.06600901457966092, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2906, "design_columns": 50, "restricted_design_columns": 41, "fixed_effect_rank": 282, "covariance_rank": 9, "rss_unrestricted": 894.6405441513402, "rss_restricted": 896.2761170152237, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 5, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ -0.07074637424831975, -0.0070746374248319725, 0.008489564909798375, 0.004952246197382375, 0.008843296781039971, -0.012380615493455958 ], [ 0.007074637424810154, -0.06879060575561172, -0.007026562668611272, 0.00877118464664468, 0.004907176113381873, 0.010890571201832946 ], [ 0.007074637424810154, 0.008429471464465507, -0.06880262444467304, -0.0066728307973707626, 0.00876817997438574, 0.007029567340829071 ], [ 0.007074637424810154, 0.008429471464465507, 0.00841745277540417, -0.06844889257343252, -0.006675835469629722, 0.010890571201832946 ], [ 0.00707463742463042, 0.00842947146425622, 0.008417452775196168, 0.008771184646427685, -0.06769401208229966, -0.004528181403580964 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_8,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.23843158480139517 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.05323371659420385 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.11627782053072944 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.05066166152705751 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.0459956018048754 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.02200207873625995 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.06035660784227107 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.13864850904125475 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.5822726911076577 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.45423531430700165 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.5204585460592074 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.1640474114316898 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.14405770231617043 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.0073850966879393425 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.2564918642586928 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.14788665729823863 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.19661612156512603 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.20615784962090708 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.3370803235351311 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.8261235868613676 }, { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.7743207873070331 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.33739995450095583 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.4541134311506953 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.39747072562108077 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.2612031959747519 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.09005776199741855 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.2930368514430663 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.44001876816185853 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.4715618362078387 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.6200568506757398 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -0.021408077049267192 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.4373062442427132 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.22037116177742114 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.1800130429397429 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "b42dd52795225c55faa7af833b12a94304ddde96f066412b80dea4620c4bcc24", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "538c06b81a46a104838d662d6e6489d0d2daa7f680fd234049f28c97c87ef555" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P028", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLNONE-SHNONE-FENONE-TRNNPC-SONSHORE", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Figure 4 specification curve: outcome=theft, interacted controls=none, simultaneous shocks=none, added fixed effects=none, treatment=NNPC, sample=onshore", "outcome_label": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "NNPC administrative-data local-participation indicator, set to one from its source-specific first observed local operatorship year onward; exact cohorts pending package audit", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced onshore field subsample oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; exact Figure 4 e(sample) and N pending code recovery", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P028.json", "input_bytes": 44432, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": {}, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p028", "specification_id": "S22-P028", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLNONE-SHNONE-FENONE-TRNNPC-SONSHORE", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "data": "analyses/full-archive/prepared/S22-P028.parquet", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P028" }, "source": { "file": "S22-P028.parquet", "bytes": 44432, "sha256": "0ee1fa6ec114f9617adf601b08eaa29902e7e8f717c1730a4dcc108921fe62b1" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 2291, "source_sd": 21.965037243976433, "rows": 2096, "units": 193, "clusters": 193, "treated_units": 30, "never_treated_units": 163, "treated_cohorts": 3, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2096, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 24, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 0 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.1520287075388508, "se": 0.07086576936923028, "pvalue": 0.0331844951583455, "lower": -0.29180410239709975, "upper": -0.012253312680601841 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": 0.0038225524957259116, "se": 0.05989228541018324, "pvalue": 0.9491769354940383, "lower": -0.11430878110419085, "upper": 0.12195388609564267 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.1990163235003241, "se": 0.058976134280971114, "pvalue": 0.0008946228967713118, "lower": -0.31534064382746807, "upper": -0.08269200317318015 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": 0.0025936652535203247, "se": 0.057822658459324466, "pvalue": 0.9642690903749843, "lower": -0.11145554341019043, "upper": 0.11664287391723108 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.3783620463615854, "se": 0.15154993261090766, "pvalue": 0.013380115375553989, "lower": 0.0794454910207184, "upper": 0.6772786017024524 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.20402587682111142, "se": 0.11934060350094647, "pvalue": 0.08895362319280557, "lower": -0.0313611107956393, "upper": 0.43941286443786215 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.22007349878184063, "se": 0.07565446210489592, "pvalue": 0.0040544892236202106, "lower": 0.07085290317377635, "upper": 0.3692940943899049 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.21158006345150795, "se": 0.09164516251175642, "pvalue": 0.02202567380077521, "lower": 0.030819466467273404, "upper": 0.3923406604357425 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.2164729054217211, "se": 0.0835685456323348, "pvalue": 0.010322994289034089, "lower": 0.05164259923215794, "upper": 0.3813032116112842 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.296696367197433, "se": 0.0641457834945348, "pvalue": 6.861892101704221e-06, "lower": 0.17017544890012365, "upper": 0.4232172854947423 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.2659206017574294, "se": 0.1058464123412625, "pvalue": 0.012817380321492898, "lower": 0.05714950943718103, "upper": 0.47469169407767775 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.17829585732955683, "se": 0.13684224836140238, "pvalue": 0.19415915348950627, "lower": -0.0916113132022085, "upper": 0.44820302786132216 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.1125755668914576, "se": 0.13469675254816263, "pvalue": 0.4043229155479019, "lower": -0.1530998352261414, "upper": 0.3782509690090566 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.14753106296363672, "se": 0.06964047230373452, "pvalue": 0.035421503319856995, "lower": 0.010172439738190875, "upper": 0.28488968618908256 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.05535101969441587, "se": 0.11345623807116247, "pvalue": 0.6262040227282606, "lower": -0.1684296661950102, "upper": 0.2791317055838419 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.4499744429922118, "se": 0.14029567751524438, "pvalue": 0.0015697435232993268, "lower": -0.726693145070022, "upper": -0.17325574091440155 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.5438407040676771, "se": 0.13316381114811177, "pvalue": 6.494592391932382e-05, "lower": -0.8064925379464234, "upper": -0.2811888701889309 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.04290823868341936, "se": 0.07834615250186976, "pvalue": 0.5845510997197996, "lower": -0.19743791498618268, "upper": 0.11162143761934396 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.2475902647221747, "se": 0.08428358187546899, "pvalue": 0.0037127176705491617, "lower": 0.08134962355549022, "upper": 0.4138309058888592 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.15444011177599568, "se": 0.11640028989619992, "pvalue": 0.18615007542721887, "lower": -0.0751474116033855, "upper": 0.38402763515537686 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.002377695243000328, "se": 0.08320660500998085, "pvalue": 0.9772325939705386, "lower": -0.1617387205329673, "upper": 0.16649411101896797 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.022680226933346717, "se": 0.0458513404365512, "pvalue": 0.6214148582955396, "lower": -0.06775679606582308, "upper": 0.11311724993251651 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.016798665655468878, "se": 0.057315120098705576, "pvalue": 0.7697675307178078, "lower": -0.09624947612654912, "upper": 0.1298468074374869 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.02330879030241575, "se": 0.05037752672673452, "pvalue": 0.6441160415357476, "lower": -0.0760556666545523, "upper": 0.1226732472593838 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.07958819247169319, "se": 0.032384492805160515, "pvalue": 0.014874016317376062, "lower": 0.015713132489759918, "upper": 0.14346325245362646 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.05313243899420764, "se": 0.08203187320363683, "pvalue": 0.5179496278499871, "lower": -0.10866693988869025, "upper": 0.21493181787710552 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.022953143409281493, "se": 0.1083919224326605, "pvalue": 0.8325183903983958, "lower": -0.23674499090241163, "upper": 0.19083870408384868 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.0796051923242051, "se": 0.11028315517777462, "pvalue": 0.47127992670713936, "lower": -0.2971273006480595, "upper": 0.13791691599964928 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.18525726355663494, "se": 0.046027780651800715, "pvalue": 8.196609549145305e-05, "lower": -0.27604229661728985, "upper": -0.09447223049598004 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.046636348635302194, "se": 0.06857428943693268, "pvalue": 0.4972698092745794, "lower": -0.1818920365151673, "upper": 0.08861933924456292 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.148443167692282, "se": 0.10300314506053161, "pvalue": 0.15117070142408578, "lower": -0.35160620960414435, "upper": 0.054719874219580356 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.6721829556007238, "se": 0.1266443436310827, "pvalue": 3.0480312825806743e-07, "lower": -0.9219758146236361, "upper": -0.42239009657781157 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.7565102541014103, "se": 0.12772556451237846, "pvalue": 1.4365232238969467e-08, "lower": -1.0084357093969274, "upper": -0.5045847988058931 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.24750966456071843, "se": 0.06951192895399719, "pvalue": 0.0004663479066534508, "lower": -0.3846147493341604, "upper": -0.11040457978727647 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.03394911292304291, "se": 0.06964175798108942, "pvalue": 0.6264728357730458, "lower": -0.10341204616790668, "upper": 0.17131027201399252 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.33871648887533035, "se": 0.13981930151605365, "pvalue": 0.016341483916289312, "lower": 0.06293738914687086, "upper": 0.6144955886037898 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.21084592753499787, "se": 0.09305542407515689, "pvalue": 0.024578942711635507, "lower": 0.027303735591274997, "upper": 0.39438811947872077 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.2310657875836047, "se": 0.06778981960890763, "pvalue": 0.0007957396401255174, "lower": 0.09735738524007911, "upper": 0.3647741899271303 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.22459944102569523, "se": 0.08200265649397369, "pvalue": 0.006744394829114711, "lower": 0.0628576890784247, "upper": 0.38634119297296576 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.22651889054092425, "se": 0.07344829035263613, "pvalue": 0.002343042239874718, "lower": 0.08164974035625674, "upper": 0.37138804072559173 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.28891123581471934, "se": 0.05669653448270943, "pvalue": 8.278684843155041e-07, "lower": 0.17708319013127044, "upper": 0.40073928149816823 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.2537781081774909, "se": 0.10354550749579348, "pvalue": 0.015145665611061959, "lower": 0.04954531250129668, "upper": 0.45801090385368515 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.17849092917210116, "se": 0.1381031073017618, "pvalue": 0.1977557020859621, "lower": -0.09390315510967298, "upper": 0.4508850134538753 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.1057272126033336, "se": 0.13649266394113257, "pvalue": 0.43952892572445373, "lower": -0.16349043884447295, "upper": 0.3749448640511402 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.1514840739402014, "se": 0.06778914108047135, "pvalue": 0.026594081347916996, "lower": 0.01777700992378284, "upper": 0.28519113795662 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.16697631121566664, "se": 0.0746919286075546, "pvalue": 0.026534129267559894, "lower": 0.019654213300532103, "upper": 0.3142984091308012 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.5032465961684169, "se": 0.15062099425256284, "pvalue": 0.0010026361881776968, "lower": -0.8003309167506361, "upper": -0.20616227558619776 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.6106071267988347, "se": 0.14569579466807916, "pvalue": 4.2343672366268e-05, "lower": -0.8979770010015893, "upper": -0.32323725259608005 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.09561839726236049, "se": 0.099818875590968, "pvalue": 0.33930825844629525, "lower": -0.29250079724505224, "upper": 0.10126400272033126 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.20142366120671082, "se": 0.10928262682090067, "pvalue": 0.06684953677021428, "lower": -0.014125008496583658, "upper": 0.4169723309100053 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ], "weights": [ 0.46875, 0.15625, 0.09375, 0.09375, 0.09375, 0.09375 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 2.220446049250313e-16, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": 2.7755575615628914e-17, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 3.4770542669265364e-16 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 2.3488511534397363, "df_num": 1, "df_den": 1863, "pvalue": 0.1255451611841135, "log10_pvalue": -0.9012000213941956, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2096, "design_columns": 30, "restricted_design_columns": 29, "fixed_effect_rank": 203, "covariance_rank": 1, "rss_unrestricted": 653.9261627464152, "rss_restricted": 654.7506260967273, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 6, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ -0.09671179883945843, -0.009671179883945839, 0.01160541586073501, 0.011605415860735012, 0.011605415860735007, -0.017408123791102504 ], [ 0.009671179883945644, -0.09427097724970088, -0.009626150051682204, 0.011537871112338973, 0.011537871112328804, 0.014439225077508827 ], [ 0.009671179883945644, 0.01154912857040494, -0.09428223470776687, -0.009626150051682205, 0.011537871112328804, 0.014439225077508827 ], [ 0.009671179883945644, 0.01154912857040494, 0.011537871112338977, -0.09428223470776687, -0.009626150051692347, 0.014439225077508827 ], [ 0.00967117988394349, 0.011549128570402483, 0.011537871112336538, 0.011537871112336538, -0.09333246562049925, -0.006693137117085864 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.9744811120665869 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.4243214835927695 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.5581820156587181 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.5486630924798809 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.08068958070355409 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.3096348852100186 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.25196285765715404 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.31877263276048284 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.5421823318954455 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.8411331267519327 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -0.31504789744830713 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -0.0008739785467392874 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.10431869350511258 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -0.043314529820650316 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.216488669990788 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "b42dd52795225c55faa7af833b12a94304ddde96f066412b80dea4620c4bcc24", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "538c06b81a46a104838d662d6e6489d0d2daa7f680fd234049f28c97c87ef555" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P029", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLNONE-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRDI-SFULL", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Figure 4 specification curve: outcome=theft, interacted controls=none, simultaneous shocks=none, added fixed effects=state, treatment=DI, sample=full", "outcome_label": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "DrillingInfo transaction-data local-participation indicator, set to one from its source-specific first observed indigenous transaction year onward; exact cohorts pending package audit", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "Fixed state-by-calendar-year effects", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced full field sample oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; exact Figure 4 e(sample) and N pending code recovery", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P029.json", "input_bytes": 62210, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": {}, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": "archive_time_fe", "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p029", "specification_id": "S22-P029", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLNONE-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRDI-SFULL", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "data": "analyses/full-archive/prepared/S22-P029.parquet", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P029" }, "source": { "file": "S22-P029.parquet", "bytes": 62210, "sha256": "c386898d9b5e55f2f314590522ba4ec593563d0b082ec0d945a7fdb4ee144359" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3173, "source_sd": 19.570498923768714, "rows": 3167, "units": 303, "clusters": 303, "treated_units": 52, "never_treated_units": 251, "treated_cohorts": 6, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 3167, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 1, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 0 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.0949616989865803, "se": 0.038049286231772846, "pvalue": 0.013102285866293481, "lower": -0.16983699554888926, "upper": -0.020086402424271357 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.08086363726635173, "se": 0.09852524629451662, "pvalue": 0.4124415957091957, "lower": -0.2747465655883093, "upper": 0.11301929105560582 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.09170935569655064, "se": 0.03905125887314403, "pvalue": 0.019497146702764992, "lower": -0.1685563843489964, "upper": -0.014862327044104895 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.10690884560481552, "se": 0.06165948164796454, "pvalue": 0.08396363549119651, "lower": -0.22824547058503342, "upper": 0.014427779375402391 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.4412900691909748, "se": 0.18376635521121276, "pvalue": 0.016938307500290316, "lower": 0.07966540530636512, "upper": 0.8029147330755845 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.01984249377717057, "se": 0.17702993554244545, "pvalue": 0.9108300541783818, "lower": -0.3682108926849636, "upper": 0.32852590513062246 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.06995532648249378, "se": 0.16385012039795516, "pvalue": 0.669722103013622, "lower": -0.2524771701965719, "upper": 0.3923878231615595 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.1311955883339197, "se": 0.13533797854074284, "pvalue": 0.33312522912870557, "lower": -0.13512928350873854, "upper": 0.39752046017657794 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.06526549062344948, "se": 0.12403305432376853, "pvalue": 0.5991393935018174, "lower": -0.17881298352848024, "upper": 0.3093439647753792 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.0741159159523501, "se": 0.10747744987078933, "pvalue": 0.4909784141564485, "lower": -0.28561544011730283, "upper": 0.1373836082126026 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.10139192523042877, "se": 0.10210098165721242, "pvalue": 0.32147797382003146, "lower": -0.302311365198868, "upper": 0.09952751473801046 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.02440050169291827, "se": 0.08216344393473715, "pvalue": 0.7666896283817883, "lower": -0.1372848501352294, "upper": 0.18608585352106594 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.11203802071234296, "se": 0.10727691682146306, "pvalue": 0.2971441881839802, "lower": -0.3231429258705846, "upper": 0.09906688444589866 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.007856245428061535, "se": 0.11689426248685372, "pvalue": 0.9464604809816936, "lower": -0.23788664644059979, "upper": 0.2221741555844767 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.1203874199977245, "se": 0.10147349687305146, "pvalue": 0.23639972935405495, "lower": -0.32007206389098386, "upper": 0.07929722389553485 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.06326114765533544, "se": 0.0979796946222476, "pvalue": 0.518992618008067, "lower": -0.25607051199497854, "upper": 0.12954821668430763 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.14076153062912497, "se": 0.09388670331937711, "pvalue": 0.1348481665913876, "lower": -0.3255165011028072, "upper": 0.04399343984455728 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.06173461683309529, "se": 0.09581294105925443, "pvalue": 0.5198541629812855, "lower": -0.2502801346811561, "upper": 0.12681090101496556 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.08535559464078532, "se": 0.08272749997053272, "pvalue": 0.3030063327680492, "lower": -0.2481509242672205, "upper": 0.07743973498564985 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.05421455676024989, "se": 0.0779617827202499, "pvalue": 0.48733993325747804, "lower": -0.20763166861215382, "upper": 0.09920255509165404 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.32056112514818275, "se": 0.08236788993152594, "pvalue": 0.0001224646987125571, "lower": 0.15847345421877018, "upper": 0.4826487960775953 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.07571852198170571, "se": 0.0811103024788721, "pvalue": 0.35129456317119967, "lower": -0.2353314491564808, "upper": 0.08389440519306936 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.006603925725112506, "se": 0.058104198341071334, "pvalue": 0.9095855351314642, "lower": -0.107736434191285, "upper": 0.12094428564151001 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.06597053273413234, "se": 0.038811789648856856, "pvalue": 0.09020666082497808, "lower": -0.010405256350852737, "upper": 0.1423463218191174 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.032292883309441224, "se": 0.035938458913711224, "pvalue": 0.3696025943546635, "lower": -0.03842862123508974, "upper": 0.10301438785397218 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.08196283607532379, "se": 0.02205971339157025, "pvalue": 0.00024157547615081485, "lower": -0.1253730480885545, "upper": -0.038552624062093054 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.10242815978335736, "se": 0.03738490842097765, "pvalue": 0.006512854553683657, "lower": -0.17599606031963605, "upper": -0.028860259247078676 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.007409736104684403, "se": 0.07527952717243158, "pvalue": 0.9216564446755781, "lower": -0.1407290985575915, "upper": 0.1555485707669603 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.0075919271131989745, "se": 0.0728780827005383, "pvalue": 0.9171012231050526, "lower": -0.15100507872545282, "upper": 0.13582122449905487 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.1311149381711708, "se": 0.04810087514127383, "pvalue": 0.006788420735956095, "lower": -0.22577025625443098, "upper": -0.03645962008791058 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.038240471096254135, "se": 0.048561793641566986, "pvalue": 0.4316301989470452, "lower": -0.13380280775511344, "upper": 0.05732186556260516 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.1449850025146667, "se": 0.07054233200027436, "pvalue": 0.0407106637635957, "lower": -0.28380174658033586, "upper": -0.006168258448997571 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.06840449433801447, "se": 0.06401418432053847, "pvalue": 0.2861108222887976, "lower": -0.19437482150783636, "upper": 0.057565832831807426 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.12759231437538002, "se": 0.04990777762552159, "pvalue": 0.011060276497301407, "lower": -0.22580334592309542, "upper": -0.029381282827664626 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.008807988306909547, "se": 0.059608028472182224, "pvalue": 0.8826267318448852, "lower": -0.1261076606887335, "upper": 0.1084916840749144 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.0857911583861941, "se": 0.034039543506563, "pvalue": 0.012239494858884184, "lower": -0.1527758818150196, "upper": -0.018806434957368598 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.009016874721978815, "se": 0.00513181385640418, "pvalue": 0.07992190039555078, "lower": -0.0010817663421462398, "upper": 0.01911551578610387 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.5541657334840201, "se": 0.27207586727692384, "pvalue": 0.042541387467428776, "lower": 0.018761176202318652, "upper": 1.0895702907657214 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.020217626324520517, "se": 0.26225679857677775, "pvalue": 0.938602238607262, "lower": -0.5362997270321169, "upper": 0.4958644743830759 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.07771892453139839, "se": 0.24422261199574177, "pvalue": 0.7505305428464515, "lower": -0.40287459801234515, "upper": 0.5583124470751419 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.12142657297384121, "se": 0.1518925356368185, "pvalue": 0.4246727757345157, "lower": -0.17747518781427327, "upper": 0.42032833376195566 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.04266181833509965, "se": 0.12467369884779017, "pvalue": 0.7324475822413943, "lower": -0.20267734828908684, "upper": 0.28800098495928617 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.0838296142262415, "se": 0.10238222595208038, "pvalue": 0.4135514681236276, "lower": -0.285302500844282, "upper": 0.11764327239179903 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.11925875619921378, "se": 0.09950762138743782, "pvalue": 0.2316664683754265, "lower": -0.315074851571135, "upper": 0.07655733917270749 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.028159417542151843, "se": 0.06334523002809274, "pvalue": 0.6569714282534462, "lower": -0.09649450777118324, "upper": 0.15281334285548692 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.11564515078102126, "se": 0.10130061565097606, "pvalue": 0.25452318686719955, "lower": -0.3149895903221122, "upper": 0.0836992887600697 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.019986593253221434, "se": 0.10918331805174133, "pvalue": 0.8548774006696389, "lower": -0.23484301050591702, "upper": 0.19486982399947414 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.23389106429028167, "se": 0.0711383561603429, "pvalue": 0.001128822395206932, "lower": -0.3738806946348573, "upper": -0.09390143394570602 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.09768713026975467, "se": 0.06058263979371392, "pvalue": 0.10790619151663339, "lower": -0.21690469176224825, "upper": 0.021530431222738913 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.15605116003841873, "se": 0.05481308497763352, "pvalue": 0.00471620012233546, "lower": -0.2639151017742878, "upper": -0.048187218302549684 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.06606935146680275, "se": 0.06046295850806512, "pvalue": 0.2753857111707433, "lower": -0.18505139811412089, "upper": 0.05291269518051539 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.017952199208609233, "se": 0.05900308514071577, "pvalue": 0.761140384746091, "lower": -0.13406143371806337, "upper": 0.0981570353008449 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.006011449134834617, "se": 0.004095690108473316, "pvalue": 0.14321282922547685, "lower": -0.014071153846014588, "upper": 0.002048255576345355 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 ], "weights": [ 0.24528301886792453, 0.24528301886792453, 0.14622641509433962, 0.13679245283018868, 0.13679245283018868, 0.0660377358490566, 0.018867924528301886, 0.0047169811320754715 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 2.7755575615628914e-17, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 7.953500150040004e-14 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.47138575556414436, "df_num": 18, "df_den": 2724, "pvalue": 0.9702899415292684, "log10_pvalue": -0.013098470691810136, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 3167, "design_columns": 60, "restricted_design_columns": 42, "fixed_effect_rank": 383, "covariance_rank": 18, "rss_unrestricted": 774.731437514351, "rss_restricted": 777.1446359550911, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 4, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-4.0]" ], "data": [ [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_5,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.6.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.000769533141841694 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.39118159032906985 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.03144327300803007 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.08740233921275486 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.21109936608516622 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.025455809849883826 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.25507310109656456 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.13039112668735398 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.09283193176025067 }, { "event_time": 6.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.016140061954101947 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.24617611798283345 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.3973053150762982 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.12818023547690455 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.022434749369078577 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.13607825519417915 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.0345484459703122 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.190907199942271 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.15167997892547974 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.17273803222917206 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.05623148373664827 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.20475292007256363 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.10352526340785831 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.2081341164892474 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.10852573514296952 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.02438983173019249 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.04038268544077894 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.19827373347982696 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.2176320980706105 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.007671841533484443 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.0732959834622352 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.6002633774238496 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.3561351806799986 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.3349720886201832 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.1321120403552272 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.2848254032470132 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.2470996196212427 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.599126688307358 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.3297991293009426 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.0847680903728807 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.0003510465113055 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.06853362302956464 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.3201106188437486 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.11139662202285666 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.19662481191246986 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "b42dd52795225c55faa7af833b12a94304ddde96f066412b80dea4620c4bcc24", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "538c06b81a46a104838d662d6e6489d0d2daa7f680fd234049f28c97c87ef555" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P030", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLNONE-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRDI-SONSHORE", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Figure 4 specification curve: outcome=theft, interacted controls=none, simultaneous shocks=none, added fixed effects=state, treatment=DI, sample=onshore", "outcome_label": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "DrillingInfo transaction-data local-participation indicator, set to one from its source-specific first observed indigenous transaction year onward; exact cohorts pending package audit", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "Fixed state-by-calendar-year effects", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced onshore field subsample oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; exact Figure 4 e(sample) and N pending code recovery", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P030.json", "input_bytes": 46533, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": {}, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": "archive_time_fe", "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p030", "specification_id": "S22-P030", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLNONE-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRDI-SONSHORE", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "data": "analyses/full-archive/prepared/S22-P030.parquet", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P030" }, "source": { "file": "S22-P030.parquet", "bytes": 46533, "sha256": "b800c04c0b700a37acea5160b2fd8043fea3a214afb6917b618066c6bb5ffc70" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 2291, "source_sd": 21.965037243976433, "rows": 2285, "units": 216, "clusters": 216, "treated_units": 49, "never_treated_units": 167, "treated_cohorts": 5, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2285, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 1, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 0 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.09127764261905837, "se": 0.038194441354129714, "pvalue": 0.017720095786946215, "lower": -0.16656114466491428, "upper": -0.015994140573202434 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.005190834889945262, "se": 0.09670466729416655, "pvalue": 0.9572421982038446, "lower": -0.19580145151301145, "upper": 0.18541978173312093 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.08972148330445132, "se": 0.038311276474065264, "pvalue": 0.020099948076424456, "lower": -0.16523527427924178, "upper": -0.014207692329660834 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.06459281001888015, "se": 0.06137318179081535, "pvalue": 0.2937700292765208, "lower": -0.1855629798420333, "upper": 0.05637735980427301 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.6476747825487021, "se": 0.1790007045042088, "pvalue": 0.0003696957035780727, "lower": 0.2948538110673322, "upper": 1.000495754030072 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.1263065127053452, "se": 0.1766579138981346, "pvalue": 0.4753983095674254, "lower": -0.22189667998067314, "upper": 0.47450970539136356 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.224644800356644, "se": 0.15919910207322993, "pvalue": 0.1596624528147508, "lower": -0.08914604202028123, "upper": 0.5384356427335693 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.2538054468786741, "se": 0.1325637303890547, "pvalue": 0.056872004926263334, "lower": -0.007485503168737306, "upper": 0.5150963969260856 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.1631266705872358, "se": 0.11967180001683994, "pvalue": 0.17427144238064637, "lower": -0.07275352249810996, "upper": 0.39900686367258154 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.018510709408987185, "se": 0.10560719129382888, "pvalue": 0.8610254734561644, "lower": -0.18964730835362717, "upper": 0.22666872717160155 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.023351470942500018, "se": 0.10011006249831676, "pvalue": 0.8157830118863048, "lower": -0.22067432284717667, "upper": 0.17397138096217665 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.04624523096919707, "se": 0.07683993877331, "pvalue": 0.5479157791699438, "lower": -0.10521083129412641, "upper": 0.19770129323252056 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.04492029568397314, "se": 0.10403200836068223, "pvalue": 0.6663245445201524, "lower": -0.24997353475717954, "upper": 0.16013294338923328 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.09479243414053685, "se": 0.11603859760079317, "pvalue": 0.4148873548877138, "lower": -0.13392650218010194, "upper": 0.3235113704611756 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.044709163612028716, "se": 0.09918517839181264, "pvalue": 0.6526135021159011, "lower": -0.24020901426166397, "upper": 0.15079068703760656 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.0009367200441997665, "se": 0.09707354678713494, "pvalue": 0.9923098074448361, "lower": -0.19227441995684932, "upper": 0.1904009798684498 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.07352888269982487, "se": 0.09258849319141498, "pvalue": 0.42798546761327344, "lower": -0.2560262768093723, "upper": 0.10896851140972257 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.005297070469971732, "se": 0.09482637440037739, "pvalue": 0.9555046314219601, "lower": -0.19220546075069603, "upper": 0.18161131981075254 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.030110107581235793, "se": 0.08317971978657297, "pvalue": 0.7177161045396834, "lower": -0.19406225304308095, "upper": 0.1338420378806094 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.4026399636871609, "se": 0.0783469584036201, "pvalue": 6.185799384615647e-07, "lower": 0.24821347663428017, "upper": 0.5570664507400416 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.03352944490573681, "se": 0.08181837316061596, "pvalue": 0.68235821242087, "lower": -0.19479829568210355, "upper": 0.12773940587062993 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.05603962073167263, "se": 0.054330893479828196, "pvalue": 0.30348854990642987, "lower": -0.05104978247541415, "upper": 0.16312902393875942 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.09044076233687903, "se": 0.0363104971545657, "pvalue": 0.013503707216587568, "lower": 0.01887062569116453, "upper": 0.16201089898259352 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.03975124281002975, "se": 0.03264863026661185, "pvalue": 0.22473076717467427, "lower": -0.024601137702144178, "upper": 0.10410362332220369 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.07196421099360191, "se": 0.02152753600761803, "pvalue": 0.0009778766560420307, "lower": -0.11439625721847796, "upper": -0.029532164768725867 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.10131733473604922, "se": 0.036550117791564626, "pvalue": 0.0060598006359453655, "lower": -0.17335977782417195, "upper": -0.0292748916479265 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.03790384954130586, "se": 0.06950740677981118, "pvalue": 0.586098026308741, "lower": -0.1749070577305067, "upper": 0.09909935864789499 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.07063316708331112, "se": 0.06984673366132779, "pvalue": 0.31302899551487434, "lower": -0.20830520861771046, "upper": 0.0670388744510882 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.14217125654375476, "se": 0.05080710501614449, "pvalue": 0.005604684352573868, "lower": -0.24231506435502848, "upper": -0.04202744873248106 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.013292460684743355, "se": 0.04838847279405361, "pvalue": 0.7838081755753566, "lower": -0.10866900139157847, "upper": 0.08208408002209176 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.14161788969948727, "se": 0.068509195909354, "pvalue": 0.039918754746442124, "lower": -0.2766535652466605, "upper": -0.006582214152314025 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.07354560381106286, "se": 0.06283001437143054, "pvalue": 0.24307595170304658, "lower": -0.19738727678165907, "upper": 0.05029606915953337 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.12468725760026231, "se": 0.04874946840767883, "pvalue": 0.011224508317343984, "lower": -0.22077534200438365, "upper": -0.02859917319614097 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.021346609501262277, "se": 0.0589069678432715, "pvalue": 0.717425271665983, "lower": -0.1374557258259759, "upper": 0.09476250682345133 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.10689936129106063, "se": 0.03427099816725488, "pvalue": 0.002061575774442657, "lower": -0.17444952485325382, "upper": -0.03934919772886744 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.8297609568953617, "se": 0.26607225933867495, "pvalue": 0.0020661431129836744, "lower": 0.3053168029791573, "upper": 1.354205110811566 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.19983360498037273, "se": 0.2593162936882164, "pvalue": 0.4417798257729298, "lower": -0.31129414121167376, "upper": 0.7109613511724192 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.31028221865966166, "se": 0.23852170230869071, "pvalue": 0.19470047116709863, "lower": -0.15985815850272905, "upper": 0.7804225958220523 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.26409552950520787, "se": 0.14746862823079362, "pvalue": 0.07472265913997865, "lower": -0.026573855397633184, "upper": 0.5547649144080489 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.1408031308155652, "se": 0.11913453856002994, "pvalue": 0.23855752195849372, "lower": -0.09401808817436438, "upper": 0.37562434980549475 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.007905490236866347, "se": 0.09899106435568754, "pvalue": 0.9364223746729383, "lower": -0.18721175017113037, "upper": 0.20302273064486306 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.040161322084339715, "se": 0.09966183567518254, "pvalue": 0.6873663471998052, "lower": -0.23660069242049264, "upper": 0.15627804825181324 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.05295372837509538, "se": 0.06131636680983126, "pvalue": 0.3887618731916741, "lower": -0.06790445576151524, "upper": 0.173811912511706 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.049907926418591944, "se": 0.10010845549998233, "pvalue": 0.6186141252674995, "lower": -0.24722761083454226, "upper": 0.1474117579973584 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.08181773014803256, "se": 0.10811572497806148, "pvalue": 0.4500217217491392, "lower": -0.13128475581606797, "upper": 0.2949202161121331 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.21450996652095405, "se": 0.0693011729539686, "pvalue": 0.0022273901928486816, "lower": -0.3511066756464354, "upper": -0.07791325739547275 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.1043621680013547, "se": 0.059392683951394715, "pvalue": 0.08031470652073602, "lower": -0.22142865949175183, "upper": 0.012704323489042435 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.15555808954804495, "se": 0.05318615158666841, "pvalue": 0.0038164357984112685, "lower": -0.2603911388041306, "upper": -0.0507250402919593 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.07573295144065025, "se": 0.060036225120619825, "pvalue": 0.20851216309137552, "lower": -0.19406790062311707, "upper": 0.0426019977418166 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.021733201597355267, "se": 0.07001672574648672, "pvalue": 0.7565573748202616, "lower": -0.1597403075818976, "upper": 0.11627390438718709 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 ], "weights": [ 0.24873096446700507, 0.24873096446700507, 0.14720812182741116, 0.13705583756345177, 0.13705583756345177, 0.06598984771573604, 0.015228426395939087 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 2.7755575615628914e-17, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 4.0746245480698617e-16 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.7290240108264806, "df_num": 12, "df_den": 1939, "pvalue": 0.724030079051392, "log10_pvalue": -0.14024339113063058, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2285, "design_columns": 50, "restricted_design_columns": 38, "fixed_effect_rank": 296, "covariance_rank": 12, "rss_unrestricted": 558.0236234303802, "rss_restricted": 560.5412879177808, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 5, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-4.0]" ], "data": [ [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.41323954260243295 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.36388903962695174 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.4609211031435066 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.047505825204838495 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.049347804933135196 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.23023379750348827 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.17390841880623575 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.08923341023305957 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.03354519774663906 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.02494163295191578 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.41584773989450025 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.29552675513275717 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.1883143677510615 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.4392456415535549 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.0017997345272099707 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.12238919970196223 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.3899774202971804 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.18769580045064363 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.23770827448489182 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.05459331353745806 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.30020166186048663 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.1748340751419748 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.1417396796513328 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.9060507933558097 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.9128480650558671 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.2390028027543591 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.3192131148416857 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.2212377398317025 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.9631619457682988 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.5471557806767968 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.1816105670398758 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.2618799283977013 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.32010216870234365 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.04632301367805819 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.22424994547790858 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "b42dd52795225c55faa7af833b12a94304ddde96f066412b80dea4620c4bcc24", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "538c06b81a46a104838d662d6e6489d0d2daa7f680fd234049f28c97c87ef555" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P031", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLNONE-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRDINNPC-SFULL", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Figure 4 specification curve: outcome=theft, interacted controls=none, simultaneous shocks=none, added fixed effects=state, treatment=DINNPC, sample=full", "outcome_label": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "Local participation (DI+NNPC): binary indicator equal to one from the earliest observed year of indigenous Nigerian ownership or operatorship onward; explicitly recoded as absorbing", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "Fixed state-by-calendar-year effects", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced full field sample oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; exact Figure 4 e(sample) and N pending code recovery", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "The archive supplies frozen estimates but not this specification\u2019s input sample or required outcome/controls.", "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "The archive supplies frozen estimates but not this specification\u2019s input sample or required outcome/controls." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P032", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLNONE-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRDINNPC-SONSHORE", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Figure 4 specification curve: outcome=theft, interacted controls=none, simultaneous shocks=none, added fixed effects=state, treatment=DINNPC, sample=onshore", "outcome_label": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "Local participation (DI+NNPC): binary indicator equal to one from the earliest observed year of indigenous Nigerian ownership or operatorship onward; explicitly recoded as absorbing", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "Fixed state-by-calendar-year effects", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced onshore field subsample oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; exact Figure 4 e(sample) and N pending code recovery", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P032.json", "input_bytes": 46691, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": {}, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": "archive_time_fe", "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p032", "specification_id": "S22-P032", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLNONE-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRDINNPC-SONSHORE", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "data": "analyses/full-archive/prepared/S22-P032.parquet", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P032" }, "source": { "file": "S22-P032.parquet", "bytes": 46691, "sha256": "8305483aa1b1c9382eca99423b43976c5376e7b40b4e1ecd3b8e5085f90d5087" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 2291, "source_sd": 21.965037243976433, "rows": 2085, "units": 192, "clusters": 192, "treated_units": 51, "never_treated_units": 141, "treated_cohorts": 6, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2085, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 24, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 11 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.12649461371178825, "se": 0.04336430141456208, "pvalue": 0.003957438984037434, "lower": -0.21202904996482047, "upper": -0.040960177458756034 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.02806101627426772, "se": 0.09627391778285303, "pvalue": 0.771007729260753, "lower": -0.21795765970691888, "upper": 0.16183562715838345 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.12170490449013145, "se": 0.0423266801374571, "pvalue": 0.004493630637255529, "lower": -0.20519267221430038, "upper": -0.03821713676596253 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.08542924465000176, "se": 0.06207166448300622, "pvalue": 0.17034011034325325, "lower": -0.20786324348431492, "upper": 0.0370047541843114 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -1.0918957733915984, "se": 0.4978033677835318, "pvalue": 0.02948391023204975, "lower": -2.073793994722722, "upper": -0.10999755206047446 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.47223645574328904, "se": 0.19173704056178423, "pvalue": 0.014665975047617508, "lower": 0.09404243120471567, "upper": 0.8504304802818624 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.05661075228425586, "se": 0.17065942395200426, "pvalue": 0.7404661339830639, "lower": -0.28000847465664047, "upper": 0.39322997922515224 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.12758036557911892, "se": 0.15998018936151812, "pvalue": 0.42616491041272464, "lower": -0.18797447705223633, "upper": 0.44313520821047414 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.19588586854884574, "se": 0.13287548881142155, "pvalue": 0.14207237719916882, "lower": -0.0662059825034216, "upper": 0.4579777196011131 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.15592513721328785, "se": 0.1135326190557421, "pvalue": 0.17123954024120389, "lower": -0.06801363847288402, "upper": 0.37986391289945975 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.11489107291131753, "se": 0.111135455073812, "pvalue": 0.3025400384195795, "lower": -0.1043193879372582, "upper": 0.33410153375989327 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.035404872901122174, "se": 0.10454911257213788, "pvalue": 0.7352503248392901, "lower": -0.17081427771131305, "upper": 0.2416240235135574 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.09390396190716731, "se": 0.08036366660122038, "pvalue": 0.24406644115446066, "lower": -0.0646103158220646, "upper": 0.2524182396363992 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.07451366668920661, "se": 0.10471306300337428, "pvalue": 0.47758158673358164, "lower": -0.28105620329546155, "upper": 0.13202886991704835 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.0696581236126547, "se": 0.11753964206470625, "pvalue": 0.5541263309627249, "lower": -0.1621843526508216, "upper": 0.301500599876131 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.08271330893345517, "se": 0.10646896050043846, "pvalue": 0.43819228461275184, "lower": -0.2927192866105966, "upper": 0.12729266874368628 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.07329880678246278, "se": 0.10522405800388554, "pvalue": 0.4869016631452466, "lower": -0.28084926160418733, "upper": 0.13425164803926173 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.05863398304681736, "se": 0.08983150677213272, "pvalue": 0.5147276483773612, "lower": -0.23582321563836497, "upper": 0.11855524954473026 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.04874663967009441, "se": 0.09956137949255305, "pvalue": 0.6249689566344402, "lower": -0.1476343970277552, "upper": 0.245127676367944 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.021176999036041713, "se": 0.08637155822228858, "pvalue": 0.8065765262073926, "lower": -0.19154161462647157, "upper": 0.1491876165543881 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.949221461618831, "se": 0.407189301399183, "pvalue": 0.020788497329191823, "lower": -1.7523868812685843, "upper": -0.14605604196907784 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.294214234693002, "se": 0.08548900695939622, "pvalue": 0.0007104885250416075, "lower": 0.12559041792264838, "upper": 0.46283805146335566 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.06439750911390162, "se": 0.07459596632205383, "pvalue": 0.3890640310805443, "lower": -0.2115352172741078, "upper": 0.08274019904630454 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.002039990339679796, "se": 0.05712106999093288, "pvalue": 0.9715481443137761, "lower": -0.11062914903226781, "upper": 0.11470912971162739 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.060737022224521243, "se": 0.038477363011689185, "pvalue": 0.11610249041347138, "lower": -0.015158113782510495, "upper": 0.13663215823155297 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.03836470244937308, "se": 0.029170266380731006, "pvalue": 0.19001979268590882, "lower": -0.01917253921800318, "upper": 0.09590194411674935 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.001845814860244217, "se": 0.03541155493964035, "pvalue": 0.9584838471422441, "lower": -0.06800213125674971, "upper": 0.07169376097723813 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.06404610810783701, "se": 0.043365377119513555, "pvalue": 0.14135067388603462, "lower": -0.1495826661479982, "upper": 0.021490449932324185 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.007204854743728053, "se": 0.07056934909022507, "pvalue": 0.9187875075752612, "lower": -0.14640021346681031, "upper": 0.1319905039793542 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.07568100544012406, "se": 0.06760733775417414, "pvalue": 0.2643667581504984, "lower": -0.20903390938958627, "upper": 0.05767189850933817 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.16661555886296667, "se": 0.05408303687422005, "pvalue": 0.0023697355773820137, "lower": -0.2732922933885442, "upper": -0.05993882433738913 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.03372858917050093, "se": 0.05098805942787344, "pvalue": 0.5090890799329663, "lower": -0.13430059832397298, "upper": 0.06684341998297114 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.19339594676298716, "se": 0.08172948238267419, "pvalue": 0.018968185429018018, "lower": -0.3546042442061609, "upper": -0.03218764931981341 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.1623457122992225, "se": 0.0783957902279224, "pvalue": 0.039717596433797034, "lower": -0.31697842868156323, "upper": -0.007712995916881821 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.13019285462987704, "se": 0.049659681611278754, "pvalue": 0.009454272292927814, "lower": -0.2281446890320661, "upper": -0.03224102022768796 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.0292172801342651, "se": 0.06153846687067334, "pvalue": 0.6354856593646855, "lower": -0.15059956694521703, "upper": 0.09216500667668684 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.152230832809848, "se": 0.046931880607464664, "pvalue": 0.0013929705697603395, "lower": -0.24480218341636495, "upper": -0.05965948220333106 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -1.2286124901159352, "se": 0.5186905292979879, "pvalue": 0.018849754717599795, "lower": -2.2517098436084524, "upper": -0.20551513662341825 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.6371457585491094, "se": 0.23815205147852167, "pvalue": 0.008112562202656146, "lower": 0.1673998892226412, "upper": 1.1068916278755776 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.11973627409014981, "se": 0.23137802292093118, "pvalue": 0.6054115682495892, "lower": -0.3366480813888735, "upper": 0.5761206295691731 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.20585246595470102, "se": 0.2140617851475386, "pvalue": 0.337441405108864, "lower": -0.21637626871053417, "upper": 0.6280812006199362 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.21186954056523274, "se": 0.14618614459288037, "pvalue": 0.14888996221821446, "lower": -0.07647707307483728, "upper": 0.5002161542053027 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.13752683094328358, "se": 0.10949596115363157, "pvalue": 0.21065046375452445, "lower": -0.0784497904652818, "upper": 0.353503452351849 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.09592424805642358, "se": 0.09863776041324594, "pvalue": 0.3320367413426799, "lower": -0.09863498511446897, "upper": 0.29048348122731615 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.014835951390950234, "se": 0.09621029128545901, "pvalue": 0.8776121972798958, "lower": -0.1749351911940492, "upper": 0.20460709397594967 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.09532801366131718, "se": 0.06251778549744155, "pvalue": 0.12895951282293128, "lower": -0.027985941916806076, "upper": 0.21864196923944046 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.07574705008614631, "se": 0.09955985069822175, "pvalue": 0.44770327657504394, "lower": -0.27212507129528724, "upper": 0.12063097112299463 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.06934804269404583, "se": 0.10813721625712651, "pvalue": 0.5220986970837631, "lower": -0.14394850605237314, "upper": 0.2826445914404648 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.26044497207743095, "se": 0.08015793682562238, "pvalue": 0.001367744085213392, "lower": -0.4185534556441325, "upper": -0.10233648851072943 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.1812370996062121, "se": 0.06914379432719069, "pvalue": 0.009468707329618981, "lower": -0.31762060574487744, "upper": -0.04485359346754675 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.14967591866244284, "se": 0.05504741570612876, "pvalue": 0.0071505486826373334, "lower": -0.2582548537776964, "upper": -0.04109698354718927 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.029917994943954022, "se": 0.06509018576096243, "pvalue": 0.6462980239327489, "lower": -0.15830591226433938, "upper": 0.09846992237643132 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.12139237800332334, "se": 0.057960711728993544, "pvalue": 0.03754439870221188, "lower": 0.007067077218029003, "upper": 0.23571767878861766 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 ], "weights": [ 0.26153846153846155, 0.2512820512820513, 0.14358974358974358, 0.13333333333333333, 0.13333333333333333, 0.07179487179487179, 0.005128205128205128 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 5.551115123125783e-17, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 2.11968028735945e-16 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.7117616727494542, "df_num": 12, "df_den": 1763, "pvalue": 0.7412517325644989, "log10_pvalue": -0.13003427852842692, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2085, "design_columns": 60, "restricted_design_columns": 48, "fixed_effect_rank": 262, "covariance_rank": 12, "rss_unrestricted": 536.3395527126364, "rss_restricted": 538.9379368569389, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 5, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.011896694115210438 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.32086087224511217 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.8052476813418578 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.15580635052883274 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.06048329063444502 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.5818119071313077 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.2688456769841756 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.03140594146368847 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.14686965915145933 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.008487971426953844 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.6731749212287098 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.1115412798805967 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.34363224436553946 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.8267664002941876 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.12439798913345254 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.2433724883063053 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.7321492328374499 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.3129041726159614 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.2219014396132214 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.1352856492007706 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.6437243631227962 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.18763597976139196 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.012132983914355022 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.6145337168241876 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.0326466631802984 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.5771897882415826 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.4129834864739466 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.304775225294232 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.2337941425128558 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.5936518282216283 }, { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 1.8508696879988973 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.9231899531397236 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 1.3372696664224857 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 1.0970120681192002 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.2693944756032618 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.04946589599264506 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.5932317269194775 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.2019855904111182 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.11793640280240869 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.09071956601726483 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 1.091427249872239 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.5428985762991715 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.9733914942600729 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -0.9038255809715228 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "b42dd52795225c55faa7af833b12a94304ddde96f066412b80dea4620c4bcc24", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "538c06b81a46a104838d662d6e6489d0d2daa7f680fd234049f28c97c87ef555" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P033", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLNONE-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRNNPC-SFULL", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Figure 4 specification curve: outcome=theft, interacted controls=none, simultaneous shocks=none, added fixed effects=state, treatment=NNPC, sample=full", "outcome_label": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "NNPC administrative-data local-participation indicator, set to one from its source-specific first observed local operatorship year onward; exact cohorts pending package audit", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "Fixed state-by-calendar-year effects", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced full field sample oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; exact Figure 4 e(sample) and N pending code recovery", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P033.json", "input_bytes": 62385, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": {}, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": "archive_time_fe", "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p033", "specification_id": "S22-P033", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLNONE-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRNNPC-SFULL", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "data": "analyses/full-archive/prepared/S22-P033.parquet", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P033" }, "source": { "file": "S22-P033.parquet", "bytes": 62385, "sha256": "5cd99b2093849915911350b2cccf0dcd0b870ca4f5f9f6a224f1db749cf64e2d" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3173, "source_sd": 19.570498923768714, "rows": 2895, "units": 271, "clusters": 271, "treated_units": 32, "never_treated_units": 239, "treated_cohorts": 5, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2895, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 32, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 1, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 11 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.16654716073235562, "se": 0.07374191421984075, "pvalue": 0.024711841823367997, "lower": -0.3117294318974221, "upper": -0.02136488956728913 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.04669011252646564, "se": 0.0757861138077554, "pvalue": 0.538362460715149, "lower": -0.19589698139865663, "upper": 0.10251675634572537 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.19907127047784318, "se": 0.08152842202340668, "pvalue": 0.015258839193137681, "lower": -0.3595835327249971, "upper": -0.03855900823068925 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.08625191848631315, "se": 0.06822829184422746, "pvalue": 0.20726052787401017, "lower": -0.22057903044773247, "upper": 0.04807519347510615 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.17656298207831092, "se": 0.13921977113943576, "pvalue": 0.20580752524444287, "lower": -0.09753137496328892, "upper": 0.4506573391199108 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.014547368860767969, "se": 0.09772746751951936, "pvalue": 0.8817779842036817, "lower": -0.1778573963233264, "upper": 0.20695213404486232 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.05422098337183606, "se": 0.06971339209976943, "pvalue": 0.4373856082303635, "lower": -0.08302997766901751, "upper": 0.19147194441268964 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.071219597597075, "se": 0.08386086359483588, "pvalue": 0.39648952224653905, "lower": -0.09388475000997862, "upper": 0.2363239452041286 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.08371531042853649, "se": 0.07569359591818621, "pvalue": 0.2697213170686222, "lower": -0.0653094102383474, "upper": 0.23274003109542035 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.18316744675304952, "se": 0.05254383451790045, "pvalue": 0.0005720787268059615, "lower": 0.07971972218913084, "upper": 0.28661517131696823 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.20850162768350902, "se": 0.0815354586140927, "pvalue": 0.011099254384715429, "lower": 0.047975511873861315, "upper": 0.3690277434931567 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.17372576990354477, "se": 0.1287743939690535, "pvalue": 0.17844451104887196, "lower": -0.07980384323608825, "upper": 0.4272553830431778 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.17909612354342835, "se": 0.1185452649325503, "pvalue": 0.13201328341387106, "lower": -0.05429449264621106, "upper": 0.41248673973306776 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.027542198887614566, "se": 0.06644444470383354, "pvalue": 0.6788263411255858, "lower": -0.10327289440716673, "upper": 0.15835729218239586 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.10501352488442008, "se": 0.1264005761886108, "pvalue": 0.40682100518492575, "lower": -0.35386959163808257, "upper": 0.1438425418692424 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.2019294253184705, "se": 0.14694981232176468, "pvalue": 0.1705382260877077, "lower": -0.4912426025781663, "upper": 0.0873837519412253 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.2592645793511695, "se": 0.18134651438268984, "pvalue": 0.1539695389809252, "lower": -0.6162976060157188, "upper": 0.0977684473133798 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.06014769790503731, "se": 0.1498643292566323, "pvalue": 0.6884816398078151, "lower": -0.35519894411005054, "upper": 0.2349035482999759 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.11929657004417782, "se": 0.11164623344013834, "pvalue": 0.2862390366244875, "lower": -0.10051130868191208, "upper": 0.3391044487702677 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.30509252429965955, "se": 0.08117785263443306, "pvalue": 0.00020965074760122648, "lower": 0.14527045921690804, "upper": 0.46491458938241104 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.05601969392352819, "se": 0.09492811804341898, "pvalue": 0.5555987253418198, "lower": -0.13087374274374225, "upper": 0.2429131305907986 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.08365336321778634, "se": 0.07006895224906283, "pvalue": 0.23357588966620907, "lower": -0.22160434717717054, "upper": 0.05429762074159784 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.0459133968421084, "se": 0.04389923971047587, "pvalue": 0.2965512217637133, "lower": -0.13234173805096408, "upper": 0.04051494436674729 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.037087527939125446, "se": 0.05068612548656887, "pvalue": 0.46498039540362635, "lower": -0.13687781535639615, "upper": 0.06270275947814524 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.02164263079427282, "se": 0.04757519540293367, "pvalue": 0.6495365419213002, "lower": -0.1153081532151886, "upper": 0.07202289162664295 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.06060242444358038, "se": 0.02878102691462069, "pvalue": 0.03615929335489187, "lower": 0.003938654616958678, "upper": 0.11726619427020209 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.07652857839222699, "se": 0.06434102709038947, "pvalue": 0.2353189024607952, "lower": -0.0501453293968728, "upper": 0.20320248618132677 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.03970461437810311, "se": 0.10200862948714268, "pvalue": 0.6974142975197175, "lower": -0.16112885548854242, "upper": 0.24053808424474862 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.04646266198760026, "se": 0.08791616758385427, "pvalue": 0.5975946255172756, "lower": -0.12662572359323343, "upper": 0.21955104756843397 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.10783162648625655, "se": 0.03908168696085876, "pvalue": 0.006191808447466573, "lower": -0.1847752227295586, "upper": -0.030888030242954514 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.0978205804145549, "se": 0.06462902111247813, "pvalue": 0.13130447219539426, "lower": -0.22506148767269674, "upper": 0.029420326843586933 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.2525002125142983, "se": 0.13265199728738286, "pvalue": 0.05804145421483495, "lower": -0.5136640084980862, "upper": 0.0086635834694897 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.3844649397089007, "se": 0.15737627875548038, "pvalue": 0.015208267362952065, "lower": -0.6943056296198195, "upper": -0.07462424979798199 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.443937338190775, "se": 0.1905116136140447, "pvalue": 0.020530693855162478, "lower": -0.8190145116060374, "upper": -0.06886016477551266 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.20709739086258383, "se": 0.16613981801709612, "pvalue": 0.21365217776395654, "lower": -0.5341916406641851, "upper": 0.11999685893901751 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.06825872631548574, "se": 0.10719555282032953, "pvalue": 0.5248152940656805, "lower": -0.27930415389760554, "upper": 0.14278670126663404 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.09258669517939133, "se": 0.0384823573567674, "pvalue": 0.016802876043348108, "lower": -0.16835033787769804, "upper": -0.016823052481084635 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.20899001559645528, "se": 0.14211285402379567, "pvalue": 0.14256590951546985, "lower": -0.07080021126712902, "upper": 0.4887802424600396 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.039929168090475774, "se": 0.09517470327364475, "pvalue": 0.6751584180123336, "lower": -0.14744974287100962, "upper": 0.22730807905196118 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.07270969336983085, "se": 0.07312880661444182, "pvalue": 0.32098221855009734, "lower": -0.07126549827252313, "upper": 0.21668488501218483 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.08822358642771619, "se": 0.08477605337776442, "pvalue": 0.2989613900208842, "lower": -0.078682576776862, "upper": 0.2551297496322944 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.10861716595627674, "se": 0.07667556505087322, "pvalue": 0.15775810805899954, "lower": -0.042340844758821466, "upper": 0.259575176671375 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.19806397557645733, "se": 0.05211751572856023, "pvalue": 0.00017862115281981112, "lower": 0.09545558276479335, "upper": 0.3006723683881213 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.20796289577776644, "se": 0.08240733564435104, "pvalue": 0.012190358887069513, "lower": 0.04572023804255665, "upper": 0.37020555351297624 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.1779455192583862, "se": 0.1317526185908659, "pvalue": 0.17795342505879247, "lower": -0.08144758982122757, "upper": 0.43733862833799997 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.1708916877353775, "se": 0.12131540196338031, "pvalue": 0.1600873852027881, "lower": -0.06795274382953662, "upper": 0.40973611930029163 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.03274849165860351, "se": 0.06414232751663973, "pvalue": 0.6100765213212854, "lower": -0.09353421859105464, "upper": 0.15903120190826164 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.14126245620875233, "se": 0.10522263354861291, "pvalue": 0.18055827314865477, "lower": -0.34842362198775123, "upper": 0.06589870957024654 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.2781821316161578, "se": 0.156125810042709, "pvalue": 0.07590868183400057, "lower": -0.5855609124532251, "upper": 0.02919664922090942 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.34560051231463856, "se": 0.15458307300171265, "pvalue": 0.026189282984890518, "lower": -0.6499419694018151, "upper": -0.04125905522746204 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.1461175988716704, "se": 0.10258898984981805, "pvalue": 0.1555140865238057, "lower": -0.3480936758490589, "upper": 0.05585847810571817 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.03969722234954824, "se": 0.09171466925475225, "pvalue": 0.6654809480918621, "lower": -0.14086961162036848, "upper": 0.220264056319465 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.02040889749204085, "se": 0.043021938630607416, "pvalue": 0.6356098918258182, "lower": -0.10511001796600818, "upper": 0.06429222298192648 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 ], "weights": [ 0.4383561643835616, 0.1643835616438356, 0.1095890410958904, 0.1095890410958904, 0.0821917808219178, 0.0821917808219178, 0.0136986301369863 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 8.326672684688674e-17, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 1.0336205614036485e-15 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.48937089639735853, "df_num": 9, "df_den": 2504, "pvalue": 0.8826731469363056, "log10_pvalue": -0.05420008550598675, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2895, "design_columns": 50, "restricted_design_columns": 41, "fixed_effect_rank": 341, "covariance_rank": 9, "rss_unrestricted": 769.9226328959736, "rss_restricted": 771.276865947552, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 5, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_8,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.06720439756178288 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.2690271539890122 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.01714330917542652 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.011123743128137159 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.2617892529938122 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.16155342620245278 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.38471394189873287 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.8116937503986588 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.8959266181156038 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.49896222164954046 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.6029519998656682 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.026999086151077836 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.1870386656469597 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.17697365994670067 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.23944762856427682 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.10703118934586518 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.13362488397223127 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.3355038300969933 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.42826093861192904 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 1.097799892639373 }, { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.30021691571465614 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.04896059481429952 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.09114498958865876 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.047801497237683316 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.07692219232385078 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.3628756829552003 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.058966864194435975 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.3922388600982762 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.4131957085927533 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.4605898401792774 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -0.25774026131852623 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.35988381203813047 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.2477200741606413 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.31906451273410263 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "b42dd52795225c55faa7af833b12a94304ddde96f066412b80dea4620c4bcc24", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "538c06b81a46a104838d662d6e6489d0d2daa7f680fd234049f28c97c87ef555" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P034", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLNONE-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRNNPC-SONSHORE", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Figure 4 specification curve: outcome=theft, interacted controls=none, simultaneous shocks=none, added fixed effects=state, treatment=NNPC, sample=onshore", "outcome_label": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "NNPC administrative-data local-participation indicator, set to one from its source-specific first observed local operatorship year onward; exact cohorts pending package audit", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "Fixed state-by-calendar-year effects", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced onshore field subsample oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; exact Figure 4 e(sample) and N pending code recovery", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P034.json", "input_bytes": 46595, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": {}, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": "archive_time_fe", "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p034", "specification_id": "S22-P034", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLNONE-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRNNPC-SONSHORE", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "data": "analyses/full-archive/prepared/S22-P034.parquet", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P034" }, "source": { "file": "S22-P034.parquet", "bytes": 46595, "sha256": "36607527b8ecce3da8b171a20b57742fafd84597eac84b00ad64084a066a5a25" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 2291, "source_sd": 21.965037243976433, "rows": 2085, "units": 192, "clusters": 192, "treated_units": 29, "never_treated_units": 163, "treated_cohorts": 3, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2085, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 24, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 11 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.07279015339305425, "se": 0.06863507827387309, "pvalue": 0.29023884463878347, "lower": -0.20817023645296626, "upper": 0.06258992966685775 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": 0.037878054828876864, "se": 0.07227365288283258, "pvalue": 0.600822082796075, "lower": -0.10467897834413982, "upper": 0.18043508800189356 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.09510060538496701, "se": 0.07734611063318937, "pvalue": 0.22037959598097745, "lower": -0.24766286866526255, "upper": 0.05746165789532853 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": 0.01704381018527843, "se": 0.07695221026152126, "pvalue": 0.8249509249632807, "lower": -0.13474149958414658, "upper": 0.16882911995470343 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.2623943923154069, "se": 0.13925622157758474, "pvalue": 0.06104943507273213, "lower": -0.012283211584979525, "upper": 0.5370719962157933 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.06121131638892206, "se": 0.0994032906256388, "pvalue": 0.5387678003723402, "lower": -0.1348578960279338, "upper": 0.2572805288057779 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.10064698896999813, "se": 0.07304972125533299, "pvalue": 0.16988104671698082, "lower": -0.0434408095692361, "upper": 0.24473478750923236 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.09246010078570362, "se": 0.08545702044179082, "pvalue": 0.2806394774272238, "lower": -0.07610062379448833, "upper": 0.26102082536589555 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.10897428807429153, "se": 0.0771214992574269, "pvalue": 0.15927710823479285, "lower": -0.0431449378048432, "upper": 0.2610935139534263 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.19508929407926143, "se": 0.05292961937882157, "pvalue": 0.00029690808225367113, "lower": 0.0906876317216899, "upper": 0.29949095643683293 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.18308334099383225, "se": 0.08593953115094684, "pvalue": 0.034420222012007444, "lower": 0.013570882380174426, "upper": 0.3525957996074901 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.11743429220984748, "se": 0.1318213386752923, "pvalue": 0.3741253570992747, "lower": -0.142578287767397, "upper": 0.37744687218709194 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.11971008020372864, "se": 0.12248946732282795, "pvalue": 0.32965231602453016, "lower": -0.12189573823738237, "upper": 0.36131589864483965 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.09906286384816043, "se": 0.06845213362553172, "pvalue": 0.1494845279383075, "lower": -0.03595636784666689, "upper": 0.23408209554298776 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.015480062334483822, "se": 0.11296633989042865, "pvalue": 0.8911494281767407, "lower": -0.20734174922251014, "upper": 0.23830187389147778 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.18244465717478592, "se": 0.1937041317962028, "pvalue": 0.3474475104400599, "lower": -0.5645186944036542, "upper": 0.19962938005408237 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.225756867869826, "se": 0.1936139529201744, "pvalue": 0.24506211955227636, "lower": -0.6076530306934483, "upper": 0.15613929495379633 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.06829923497191767, "se": 0.08252421900075207, "pvalue": 0.40891488402737786, "lower": -0.09447665024229085, "upper": 0.2310751201861262 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.1768590035662644, "se": 0.09497620712993411, "pvalue": 0.0641193100182444, "lower": -0.010477954929788202, "upper": 0.364195962062317 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.11815182154935862, "se": 0.09356594784578753, "pvalue": 0.20821304747357017, "lower": -0.06640345411299857, "upper": 0.3027070972117158 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.05263500528428723, "se": 0.06579377406595663, "pvalue": 0.4247047833258869, "lower": -0.1824107237927184, "upper": 0.07714071322414391 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.014250905577865, "se": 0.04105150050251035, "pvalue": 0.7288630815401096, "lower": -0.09522342994197623, "upper": 0.06672161878624623 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.021730338555739276, "se": 0.046769236992250565, "pvalue": 0.6427264457067842, "lower": -0.11398088081336809, "upper": 0.07052020370188954 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.004191329028444066, "se": 0.044201238042838084, "pvalue": 0.924554193936404, "lower": -0.09137659096859461, "upper": 0.0829939329117065 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.057265139376451786, "se": 0.02727142845430696, "pvalue": 0.03705781293757604, "lower": 0.003473283343675339, "upper": 0.11105699540922823 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.04979337121511266, "se": 0.06284700149565958, "pvalue": 0.4291715769247187, "lower": -0.07416995040591892, "upper": 0.17375669283614426 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.005499350226083955, "se": 0.09819001662951976, "pvalue": 0.9553945966000215, "lower": -0.19917542580242203, "upper": 0.18817672535025415 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.0014674644848116974, "se": 0.085766057394609, "pvalue": 0.9863666536474207, "lower": -0.170637752707871, "upper": 0.1677028237382476 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.10475665256889306, "se": 0.0404969215142676, "pvalue": 0.010431137650708579, "lower": -0.18463529095837192, "upper": -0.02487801417941421 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.030464881780454825, "se": 0.06330773530333014, "pvalue": 0.6309117239976552, "lower": -0.1553369833245173, "upper": 0.09440721976360766 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.10396159704781241, "se": 0.11498472680048724, "pvalue": 0.3670633239475828, "lower": -0.33076460006554065, "upper": 0.12284140596991583 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.32575401093229606, "se": 0.20684600197633715, "pvalue": 0.11694310615814156, "lower": -0.7337498875659345, "upper": 0.0822418657013424 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.3680077386624198, "se": 0.21389698961925857, "pvalue": 0.0869628535796551, "lower": -0.789911420412039, "upper": 0.053895943087199416 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.04823259586085162, "se": 0.08634955041704565, "pvalue": 0.5771068717060159, "lower": -0.2185538018919616, "upper": 0.12208861017025835 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.002654512002650605, "se": 0.0851231244690385, "pvalue": 0.9751550572796052, "lower": -0.16524761546275105, "upper": 0.17055663946805225 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.2741164723222914, "se": 0.13959652994487198, "pvalue": 0.05102386302005145, "lower": -0.0012323768973688254, "upper": 0.5494653215419516 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.08610733687638339, "se": 0.09291890710311063, "pvalue": 0.3552552228860301, "lower": -0.09717167551521283, "upper": 0.2693863492679796 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.11356461344907898, "se": 0.0735128913639063, "pvalue": 0.12404363866344086, "lower": -0.03143677052411248, "upper": 0.25856599742227043 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.10759680009075784, "se": 0.0853874161582903, "pvalue": 0.20917019307202062, "lower": -0.06082663268590438, "upper": 0.27602023286742006 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.12824693595600772, "se": 0.07535529627902139, "pvalue": 0.0904017879414072, "lower": -0.020388521682008526, "upper": 0.276882393594024 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.19413800608407047, "se": 0.051347341659016076, "pvalue": 0.00020887126644791775, "lower": 0.09285732638607082, "upper": 0.29541868578207015 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.17665351487910277, "se": 0.0841553421030893, "pvalue": 0.03711894703772974, "lower": 0.010660301344902895, "upper": 0.3426467284133027 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.12004908477225086, "se": 0.1294424290578482, "pvalue": 0.35487261035402634, "lower": -0.13527118640749347, "upper": 0.37536935595199517 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.12382896434117205, "se": 0.1216451123886816, "pvalue": 0.30998814775271655, "lower": -0.11611139608646287, "upper": 0.36376932476880697 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.10244171497886395, "se": 0.06864430258853069, "pvalue": 0.137255824692656, "lower": -0.03295656269109182, "upper": 0.23783999264881972 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.023712792403947247, "se": 0.11513455312322861, "pvalue": 0.8370436900937309, "lower": -0.20338573734045493, "upper": 0.25081132214834945 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.23981958694702485, "se": 0.22045630138731587, "pvalue": 0.2780397410442076, "lower": -0.6746612618381699, "upper": 0.1950220879441202 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.3013914285690202, "se": 0.2182038895392092, "pvalue": 0.16881967837823192, "lower": -0.7317903067044735, "upper": 0.12900744956643312 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.004241406636568149, "se": 0.10749581321443082, "pvalue": 0.9685676599643135, "lower": -0.21627281226114883, "upper": 0.2077899989880125 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.10631564709732705, "se": 0.09851285649517515, "pvalue": 0.28185694108899423, "lower": -0.08799721784279785, "upper": 0.30062851203745194 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ], "weights": [ 0.5, 0.15517241379310345, 0.08620689655172414, 0.08620689655172414, 0.08620689655172414, 0.08620689655172414 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 5.551115123125783e-17, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 0.0 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.3969874640684249, "df_num": 1, "df_den": 1793, "pvalue": 0.5287294560445291, "log10_pvalue": -0.2767664939428233, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2085, "design_columns": 30, "restricted_design_columns": 29, "fixed_effect_rank": 262, "covariance_rank": 1, "rss_unrestricted": 562.8027037292165, "rss_restricted": 562.9273136668207, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 6, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.3984572862001158 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.08898549198389948 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.1308138523735325 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.11852417741792222 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.07614751476807351 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.017704719165992294 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.08288171130816903 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.38085757282919835 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.20792648985996962 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.36420314213219296 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -0.06326768871525165 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -0.00042871627641602494 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.25942314515396075 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.13525496348439556 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.09183267759318889 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "b42dd52795225c55faa7af833b12a94304ddde96f066412b80dea4620c4bcc24", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "538c06b81a46a104838d662d6e6489d0d2daa7f680fd234049f28c97c87ef555" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P035", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FELGA-TRDI-SFULL", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P035.json", "input_bytes": 465158, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": "archive_time_fe", "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p035", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FELGA-TRDI-SFULL", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FELGA-TRDI-SFULL", "specification_id": "S22-P035", "data": "analyses/full-archive/prepared/S22-P035.parquet", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P035" }, "source": { "file": "S22-P035.parquet", "bytes": 63309, "sha256": "51d72f3f832883b02a907c4c58f66acfcb795a1c8af155b0c25e14d04b95d2a4" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 2998, "source_sd": 19.939430415899118, "rows": 2893, "units": 279, "clusters": 279, "treated_units": 41, "never_treated_units": 238, "treated_cohorts": 6, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2893, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 40, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 1, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 99 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.12463507367894962, "se": 0.049849340233739076, "pvalue": 0.01298728294652077, "lower": -0.2227651935424924, "upper": -0.026504953815406837 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.22772598169097152, "se": 0.10120537059758304, "pvalue": 0.025222262245667364, "lower": -0.4269521921284245, "upper": -0.028499771253518574 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.12629801537055135, "se": 0.04836756233156666, "pvalue": 0.009511979596332253, "lower": -0.2215112050907958, "upper": -0.031084825650306916 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.2017528598254334, "se": 0.07949510667444964, "pvalue": 0.01169735489536165, "lower": -0.3582416781317803, "upper": -0.0452640415190865 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.08852994148388868, "se": 0.19641501979740714, "pvalue": 0.6525362315632794, "lower": -0.4751795810848254, "upper": 0.2981196981170481 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.11177099996782855, "se": 0.19576483029763952, "pvalue": 0.5684979905325278, "lower": -0.497140719448518, "upper": 0.27359871951286097 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.12008639420439263, "se": 0.1877160503836869, "pvalue": 0.522879115295997, "lower": -0.4896118169700602, "upper": 0.2494390285612749 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.1456763412123519, "se": 0.15482044650224794, "pvalue": 0.3475538517313317, "lower": -0.4504456501210818, "upper": 0.15909296769637798 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.1932671123014642, "se": 0.11088308904692287, "pvalue": 0.08244259886815405, "lower": -0.4115442403034505, "upper": 0.025010015700522054 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.19017214896958629, "se": 0.10154125311708406, "pvalue": 0.06213767339451013, "lower": -0.39005955555816496, "upper": 0.009715257618992362 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.06491283501052604, "se": 0.09571151388832684, "pvalue": 0.4982004967901383, "lower": -0.253324201864, "upper": 0.12349853184294791 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.02812010555278939, "se": 0.09282766383986947, "pvalue": 0.7621712264755772, "lower": -0.21085451560810553, "upper": 0.15461430450252678 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.14942080914020794, "se": 0.09728419268964196, "pvalue": 0.12569513240982605, "lower": -0.3409280476452681, "upper": 0.04208642936485216 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.1348432346496229, "se": 0.1121619431661485, "pvalue": 0.23030166123323842, "lower": -0.3556378304339141, "upper": 0.08595136113466834 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.2982858536856333, "se": 0.1231194224190871, "pvalue": 0.01604328885801447, "lower": -0.5406506196557557, "upper": -0.05592108771551102 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.41287260712462454, "se": 0.15898206364150383, "pvalue": 0.009905430101250157, "lower": -0.725834200761427, "upper": -0.09991101348782205 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.3284803768733557, "se": 0.13192484313715494, "pvalue": 0.01336219750134194, "lower": -0.5881789126880004, "upper": -0.06878184105871105 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.21892584454797243, "se": 0.12537099933651438, "pvalue": 0.08187660833245629, "lower": -0.46572291617656725, "upper": 0.027871227080622424 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.19867134105909087, "se": 0.0965510512422131, "pvalue": 0.04055307641851342, "lower": -0.38873536571666994, "upper": -0.0086073164015118 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.16885865637590067, "se": 0.09748690094742539, "pvalue": 0.08436202764926418, "lower": -0.36076493297334766, "upper": 0.023047620221546355 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.0003097305241355579, "se": 0.04045447052706195, "pvalue": 0.9938967278274279, "lower": -0.07994573018276098, "upper": 0.07932626913448985 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.00843499424279176, "se": 0.038459286685055466, "pvalue": 0.8265596312025637, "lower": -0.08414340672277311, "upper": 0.06727341823718959 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.009737898734248684, "se": 0.03462638183466267, "pvalue": 0.778744940982513, "lower": -0.07790110779466639, "upper": 0.05842531032616902 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.011316225679916211, "se": 0.029303105434716186, "pvalue": 0.699659952190652, "lower": -0.06900038429063582, "upper": 0.04636793293080339 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.04814518440036348, "se": 0.02472321163387919, "pvalue": 0.05249735374094447, "lower": -0.09681366646388878, "upper": 0.0005232976631618161 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.05028999508493913, "se": 0.016091365568448562, "pvalue": 0.0019644131581857843, "lower": -0.08196639490479493, "upper": -0.018613595265083334 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.018157620833215437, "se": 0.01645865610734664, "pvalue": 0.27088301553890015, "lower": -0.014241802891025345, "upper": 0.050557044557456216 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.029998293338512765, "se": 0.042833427235871864, "pvalue": 0.4842958698256132, "lower": -0.054320763425604573, "upper": 0.11431735010263011 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": 0.05538796231494811, "se": 0.04437974172888799, "pvalue": 0.21306433361531332, "lower": -0.03197506706415092, "upper": 0.14275099169404715 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.09394590837209961, "se": 0.04692439145325419, "pvalue": 0.046248525858945434, "lower": -0.18631816718717376, "upper": -0.00157364955702545 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.05288290930687641, "se": 0.042406259277357854, "pvalue": 0.2134271723646345, "lower": -0.13636107143178097, "upper": 0.030595252818028155 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.18861014133037413, "se": 0.09335761945922925, "pvalue": 0.04431141543818733, "lower": -0.3723877870274518, "upper": -0.004832495633296435 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.26844076243787235, "se": 0.1376469596651075, "pvalue": 0.0521557753319695, "lower": -0.5394034790446451, "upper": 0.002521954168900442 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.17301373648843946, "se": 0.08570407022266224, "pvalue": 0.04447478562289075, "lower": -0.34172511048674903, "upper": -0.004302362490129913 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.11758657293655526, "se": 0.09210012988634532, "pvalue": 0.20276464207588593, "lower": -0.29888880768665443, "upper": 0.06371566181354389 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.02439329237922418, "se": 0.05239103183172163, "pvalue": 0.6418660074270712, "lower": -0.07874023374800626, "upper": 0.12752681850645461 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.12867115144525842, "se": 0.06533039978603779, "pvalue": 0.049883280136639056, "lower": 6.603988957851192e-05, "upper": 0.2572762630009383 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.13033417337793446, "se": 0.30340890254689196, "pvalue": 0.6678440602597442, "lower": -0.7276049062499639, "upper": 0.4669365594940949 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.25427919425055834, "se": 0.292131141133372, "pvalue": 0.3848173976320779, "lower": -0.8293492706221809, "upper": 0.3207908821210642 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.2573410688350078, "se": 0.28850599901491875, "pvalue": 0.37317600126102635, "lower": -0.8252749297835538, "upper": 0.31059279211353824 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.2084002012434201, "se": 0.21482394999547305, "pvalue": 0.3328410923966314, "lower": -0.6312884453760401, "upper": 0.21448804288919995 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.2658714940992561, "se": 0.1347193474484185, "pvalue": 0.049426367056442384, "lower": -0.5310711065929032, "upper": -0.0006718816056089927 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.22258097318004244, "se": 0.12012390188516194, "pvalue": 0.06495226916681644, "lower": -0.45904895520739897, "upper": 0.013887008847314086 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.0791980387612378, "se": 0.11858725373871482, "pvalue": 0.504785863057322, "lower": -0.3126410767052444, "upper": 0.1542449991827688 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.027907405097604115, "se": 0.09010114363810014, "pvalue": 0.7569951393266647, "lower": -0.1494597573079847, "upper": 0.20527456750319292 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.16249036709502002, "se": 0.11639058499714838, "pvalue": 0.163804754929516, "lower": -0.3916091879902217, "upper": 0.06662845380018165 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.1540336515171042, "se": 0.13514942603033556, "pvalue": 0.25538046809696996, "lower": -0.42007988831102033, "upper": 0.11201258527681196 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.3491590445315914, "se": 0.11336025229319391, "pvalue": 0.0022766826865872323, "lower": -0.5723125525445937, "upper": -0.12600553651858917 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.32524477819428016, "se": 0.1273221061124709, "pvalue": 0.011167214504013579, "lower": -0.5758826697994972, "upper": -0.07460688658906306 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.20544603775399828, "se": 0.08251409444384288, "pvalue": 0.013364981793037757, "lower": -0.3678778360534207, "upper": -0.04301423945457583 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.09559294655046341, "se": 0.08625029016778617, "pvalue": 0.26868145347504224, "lower": -0.26537957306837584, "upper": 0.07419367996744902 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.026904899262567502, "se": 0.0762783112276517, "pvalue": 0.7245655083125131, "lower": -0.1232515479172879, "upper": 0.1770613464424229 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.058743150506182215, "se": 0.0629910700399031, "pvalue": 0.3518547766768378, "lower": -0.0652569109663438, "upper": 0.18274321197870824 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 ], "weights": [ 0.25625, 0.25625, 0.1375, 0.125, 0.125, 0.075, 0.01875, 0.00625 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 1.6581361284018215e-10, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 1.91434072063355e-15 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.6637062074361909, "df_num": 18, "df_den": 2147, "pvalue": 0.8494017199900289, "log10_pvalue": -0.07088686392289743, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2893, "design_columns": 100, "restricted_design_columns": 82, "fixed_effect_rank": 646, "covariance_rank": 18, "rss_unrestricted": 415.7085807525102, "rss_restricted": 418.0217389171766, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 4, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-4.0]" ], "data": [ [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_5,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.6.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.28131595165372647 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.24540148107514176 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.11884497515062084 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.07859454186709447 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.06658231962739233 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.09491240654778753 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.070485410533772 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.34972136667320963 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.23994595007699498 }, { "event_time": 6.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.04766739017011999 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.511100402788278 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.0926116681827946 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.09353767984504191 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.283642098963999 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.167740660312031 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.12412939522611766 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.42752143575739343 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.6969760036024341 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.6822389612352335 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.3504229474336942 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.19260097274969892 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.3711160901612148 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.2339910941700648 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.015170163123136182 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.056754051992815774 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.1269261715071754 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.26006108278343326 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.31863093334064535 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.1437146740196401 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.4682799750538671 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.9500589718644642 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.0527853397692912 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.0668031837728629 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.8075557031230612 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.3298804915592524 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.2995329975522587 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.0572557292816225 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.9024876874480141 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.084895677989529 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.293708489115986 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.07732311802783803 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.37367787017026155 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.2581909570043697 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.21577837083321655 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "7c15e11678a92a15a1449529a9d5f84b6508338c54cf3d6ce25067b0b5f700e0" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P036", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FELGA-TRDI-SONSHORE", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P036.json", "input_bytes": 326808, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": "archive_time_fe", "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p036", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FELGA-TRDI-SONSHORE", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FELGA-TRDI-SONSHORE", "specification_id": "S22-P036", "data": "analyses/full-archive/prepared/S22-P036.parquet", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P036" }, "source": { "file": "S22-P036.parquet", "bytes": 46678, "sha256": "4421cacbc4d3a4efbcc3f5b1b1ca2ba1b87349d30cc7c520646ba44fe42e5563" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 2099, "source_sd": 22.568199740335043, "rows": 1913, "units": 180, "clusters": 180, "treated_units": 29, "never_treated_units": 151, "treated_cohorts": 4, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 1913, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 56, "initially_treated_units_removed": 2, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 178 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.043926056251628945, "se": 0.06775212077722162, "pvalue": 0.517599262138855, "lower": -0.17762168433560416, "upper": 0.08976957183234628 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.05959652048513581, "se": 0.1345782301830617, "pvalue": 0.6584167092534677, "lower": -0.3251604733821401, "upper": 0.2059674324118685 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.025373367434629895, "se": 0.06186413356303504, "pvalue": 0.682188839785276, "lower": -0.14745019835446163, "upper": 0.09670346348520184 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.05883144652871759, "se": 0.09467480352985917, "pvalue": 0.5351233954916846, "lower": -0.24565375078206264, "upper": 0.12799085772462743 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.1356093481013744, "se": 0.21966885488988325, "pvalue": 0.5377980638706992, "lower": -0.29786439689856636, "upper": 0.5690830931013152 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.06545647926036802, "se": 0.2300493676127965, "pvalue": 0.7763313721293219, "lower": -0.3885011879017581, "upper": 0.5194141464224942 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.060853481986864556, "se": 0.21986145790088002, "pvalue": 0.7822675905010191, "lower": -0.3730003275812504, "upper": 0.49470729155497956 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.024904133095370987, "se": 0.17674452044694436, "pvalue": 0.8881036732695472, "lower": -0.32386678950428976, "upper": 0.37367505569503173 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.1255886682068257, "se": 0.13941902590525218, "pvalue": 0.3689049909780466, "lower": -0.400704989606545, "upper": 0.1495276531928936 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.09378155887941232, "se": 0.12231148024407107, "pvalue": 0.4442439601826912, "lower": -0.3351394674662318, "upper": 0.14757634970740718 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.029291025882257606, "se": 0.11924125175431362, "pvalue": 0.8062384178757376, "lower": -0.20600838414258862, "upper": 0.26459043590710385 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.04148207202978575, "se": 0.08050275218776116, "pvalue": 0.6069878242385007, "lower": -0.11737444630151693, "upper": 0.20033859036108842 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.03976414009868982, "se": 0.12400019648866878, "pvalue": 0.7488284536354304, "lower": -0.2844544016271904, "upper": 0.20492612142981073 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.001624438898722329, "se": 0.14554921850291686, "pvalue": 0.9911076214114448, "lower": -0.2888375026619081, "upper": 0.28558862486446346 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.13289216619782585, "se": 0.1947302563516628, "pvalue": 0.4958414984976296, "lower": -0.5171544391899052, "upper": 0.25137010679425353 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.06060227152406953, "se": 0.21686054632555157, "pvalue": 0.7802200441384491, "lower": -0.4885343659741111, "upper": 0.367329822925972 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.08274350074942889, "se": 0.14461505888213103, "pvalue": 0.5679288873212569, "lower": -0.3681131822568427, "upper": 0.20262618075798494 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.11498787913869278, "se": 0.1330173529841633, "pvalue": 0.3884934525391598, "lower": -0.3774717445775516, "upper": 0.14749598630016603 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.05479754186174126, "se": 0.10416055947311852, "pvalue": 0.5994787847309057, "lower": -0.26033813986201404, "upper": 0.1507430561385315 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.05450539191303675, "se": 0.047095471640514155, "pvalue": 0.24867621151579877, "lower": -0.03842835818451686, "upper": 0.14743914201059036 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.02013356042444369, "se": 0.0487747912406757, "pvalue": 0.680257273925628, "lower": -0.07611400016526518, "upper": 0.11638112101415257 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.019815868111506704, "se": 0.043883062390277144, "pvalue": 0.6521320925790123, "lower": -0.0667788173568316, "upper": 0.10641055357984501 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.01169687833471386, "se": 0.030462512558328138, "pvalue": 0.701451846469679, "lower": -0.04841496322509919, "upper": 0.0718087198945269 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.060375479835617286, "se": 0.02780856097195136, "pvalue": 0.031239048110983877, "lower": -0.11525026430888083, "upper": -0.005500695362353737 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.041471797729078934, "se": 0.01820309726374541, "pvalue": 0.023891392986872307, "lower": -0.07739206847237261, "upper": -0.00555152698578526 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.01800321209249507, "se": 0.020280929058391798, "pvalue": 0.37589782952372797, "lower": -0.022017255421782907, "upper": 0.05802367960677305 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.02165509845117071, "se": 0.03889485012142198, "pvalue": 0.5783868125067428, "lower": -0.05509632064188098, "upper": 0.0984065175442224 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": 0.007110841252181911, "se": 0.04621224757936672, "pvalue": 0.8778828038097782, "lower": -0.08408003800620993, "upper": 0.09830172051057375 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.03023208767773651, "se": 0.056901255101559224, "pvalue": 0.5958640928716552, "lower": -0.14251564356204321, "upper": 0.08205146820657018 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.012462298636986634, "se": 0.06166702935146497, "pvalue": 0.8400757505623283, "lower": -0.10922558547112085, "upper": 0.1341501827450941 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.10826706380807158, "se": 0.13964706489006376, "pvalue": 0.4391909484711358, "lower": -0.38383337577564725, "upper": 0.16729924815950412 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.03344407352471543, "se": 0.14940386417085172, "pvalue": 0.8231292085798619, "lower": -0.3282635305299706, "upper": 0.2613753834805397 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.013571534020686496, "se": 0.08508460351572907, "pvalue": 0.8734497983073065, "lower": -0.15432637643314903, "upper": 0.18146944447452204 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.04681806981554428, "se": 0.0839138720531395, "pvalue": 0.5775892844493683, "lower": -0.21240576951268264, "upper": 0.11876962988159406 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.05657253971679721, "se": 0.06407743523490302, "pvalue": 0.3784864886747746, "lower": -0.069871811418862, "upper": 0.18301689085245643 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.11765977186342039, "se": 0.3331648772420608, "pvalue": 0.7243856975731873, "lower": -0.5397762907634658, "upper": 0.7750958344903065 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.05274029435901172, "se": 0.34465609578552003, "pvalue": 0.8785525343750321, "lower": -0.6273714522611424, "upper": 0.7328520409791659 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.049879277843255215, "se": 0.3360574083934163, "pvalue": 0.8821745443136126, "lower": -0.6132646322221564, "upper": 0.7130231879086668 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.029277437117839575, "se": 0.21748665823532756, "pvalue": 0.8930658159293902, "lower": -0.3998901673659558, "upper": 0.45844504160163496 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.1459569530266657, "se": 0.13623448488468226, "pvalue": 0.2854474271269079, "lower": -0.4147892023262033, "upper": 0.12287529627287194 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.09725449223961208, "se": 0.11931085081472288, "pvalue": 0.4160780774117779, "lower": -0.3326912424685542, "upper": 0.13818225798933 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.028880476504206203, "se": 0.12063974145260316, "pvalue": 0.8110736773430174, "lower": -0.2091785808414461, "upper": 0.2669395338498585 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.039093999928557895, "se": 0.08404393617279388, "pvalue": 0.642381225596193, "lower": -0.12675035600264226, "upper": 0.20493835585975803 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.03452648324733246, "se": 0.12286408821131237, "pvalue": 0.7790245040183537, "lower": -0.2769748561386933, "upper": 0.20792188964402838 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.0007413540475456953, "se": 0.13980146539524743, "pvalue": 0.9957748181981123, "lower": -0.2766123453709882, "upper": 0.2751296372758968 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.1608948795401053, "se": 0.18041281180625598, "pvalue": 0.37368926598238494, "lower": -0.5169044614120094, "upper": 0.1951147023317988 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.06790191453690787, "se": 0.16209886032056542, "pvalue": 0.6757972796207242, "lower": -0.38777247642698964, "upper": 0.2519686473531739 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.07069903646271669, "se": 0.08643415117421588, "pvalue": 0.4144717474037755, "lower": -0.24126001664427227, "upper": 0.09986194371883889 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.11633009416871845, "se": 0.09661048412030514, "pvalue": 0.23013510912436208, "lower": -0.306972087449372, "upper": 0.07431189911193509 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.10819548003961513, "se": 0.11040365804381184, "pvalue": 0.32840925256241915, "lower": -0.1096646582942147, "upper": 0.326055618373445 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 ], "weights": [ 0.23770491803278687, 0.23770491803278687, 0.13934426229508196, 0.13934426229508196, 0.13934426229508196, 0.09016393442622951, 0.01639344262295082 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 8.822894567717121e-10, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 2.6291703769827396e-15 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.10127602141953808, "df_num": 10, "df_den": 1330, "pvalue": 0.9998153761870533, "log10_pvalue": -8.018850577234879e-05, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 1913, "design_columns": 80, "restricted_design_columns": 70, "fixed_effect_rank": 503, "covariance_rank": 10, "rss_unrestricted": 281.0637346517439, "rss_restricted": 281.2777573345322, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 5, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-4.0]" ], "data": [ [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, -0.45454545454545453 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.04545454545454544 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.04545454545454544 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.04545454545454544 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.04545454545454544 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.25724444561361653 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.20320294435684316 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.3375120573279081 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.04450790018838506 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.04787187547965366 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.16842713002372342 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.2758144487797677 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.4591244232353384 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.417440441811527 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.15194727307900346 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.024509407959898866 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.2538397506668424 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.018190348856440247 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.27569249997529577 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.05238050841981823 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.056658296553099174 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.2821179363353163 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.26261335690833965 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.23218084801366 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.3586633847085591 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.10567683605977622 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.1903030187165028 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.15610833322754242 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.22685883906554039 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.20057137397885857 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "44c4c4f8cb33d36098a093a1e83e9112703c0b401c6f0d02b67c914e725034b3", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "7c15e11678a92a15a1449529a9d5f84b6508338c54cf3d6ce25067b0b5f700e0" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P037", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FELGA-TRDINNPC-SONSHORE", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P037.json", "input_bytes": 327846, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": "archive_time_fe", "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p037", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FELGA-TRDINNPC-SONSHORE", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FELGA-TRDINNPC-SONSHORE", "specification_id": "S22-P037", "data": "analyses/full-archive/prepared/S22-P037.parquet", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P037" }, "source": { "file": "S22-P037.parquet", "bytes": 46829, "sha256": "8ffbc46f82f4a3d317aa8ef1ce2e3a7a0c0053dc4d5fbd08c9e36ec3b78d5eb0" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 2099, "source_sd": 22.568199740335043, "rows": 1762, "units": 161, "clusters": 161, "treated_units": 31, "never_treated_units": 130, "treated_cohorts": 5, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 1762, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 57, "initially_treated_units_removed": 20, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 189 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.1628351506261486, "se": 0.13255912926737692, "pvalue": 0.22110204746352974, "lower": -0.42462638180863876, "upper": 0.09895608055634161 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.13415338243917263, "se": 0.15448275460075317, "pvalue": 0.38647410837227053, "lower": -0.4392416154934206, "upper": 0.17093485061507535 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.08497318354245179, "se": 0.10535617881651148, "pvalue": 0.42113306878526674, "lower": -0.29304126544290343, "upper": 0.12309489835799983 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.11445768260576336, "se": 0.11513027503889169, "pvalue": 0.3216470717735789, "lower": -0.34182864238339156, "upper": 0.11291327717186483 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -1.0086857078048623, "se": 0.8556075708928853, "pvalue": 0.24018353858086072, "lower": -2.6984264343097157, "upper": 0.6810550186999909 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.018038159355121663, "se": 0.23088470488654872, "pvalue": 0.9378252338231733, "lower": -0.4740127232158907, "upper": 0.4379364045056474 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.06723429255086553, "se": 0.2241135516640265, "pvalue": 0.7645657864119773, "lower": -0.5098364953494711, "upper": 0.37536791024773997 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.09877383616226348, "se": 0.22253883034067962, "pvalue": 0.657750780228527, "lower": -0.5382661193628246, "upper": 0.34071844703829773 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.05203332220226384, "se": 0.17662677505613136, "pvalue": 0.7686853390723829, "lower": -0.40085381579852786, "upper": 0.2967871713940001 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.04560393187559545, "se": 0.13736377635483998, "pvalue": 0.7403283897280568, "lower": -0.31688386808636976, "upper": 0.22567600433517884 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.02021284748289311, "se": 0.13060347899148234, "pvalue": 0.8772016422340863, "lower": -0.23771616691891687, "upper": 0.2781418618847031 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.13960174228218622, "se": 0.14307033678323153, "pvalue": 0.3306583376274567, "lower": -0.14294808902085734, "upper": 0.4221515735852298 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.1554084190633856, "se": 0.10726493838666377, "pvalue": 0.14934269106237835, "lower": -0.05642927508982623, "upper": 0.3672461132165974 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.07403557396427606, "se": 0.13290557983302712, "pvalue": 0.5782689909587863, "lower": -0.336511010909332, "upper": 0.18843986298077986 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.10604322795272587, "se": 0.17748889876718776, "pvalue": 0.5510422553384359, "lower": -0.4565663310108688, "upper": 0.24447987510541708 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.32450588195445845, "se": 0.2773654886381146, "pvalue": 0.24375779532043265, "lower": -0.8722754181562549, "upper": 0.2232636542473379 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.2516067806087412, "se": 0.28338270099098595, "pvalue": 0.3759438515825848, "lower": -0.8112597188730792, "upper": 0.30804615765559684 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.08537160971073104, "se": 0.13986037329035486, "pvalue": 0.5424589512667419, "lower": -0.3615820791041469, "upper": 0.19083885968268482 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.012734474776880002, "se": 0.13589226017958284, "pvalue": 0.925456706165061, "lower": -0.25563936184381253, "upper": 0.28110831139757253 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.02535623038548457, "se": 0.09426036978086927, "pvalue": 0.7882746876328951, "lower": -0.21151118171197542, "upper": 0.16079872094100628 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.3786756043208584, "se": 0.40462969890338274, "pvalue": 0.3507570941796787, "lower": -1.1777794279078024, "upper": 0.4204282192660856 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.02056934872358544, "se": 0.05760886772551132, "pvalue": 0.721523522603486, "lower": -0.09320249401740652, "upper": 0.1343411914645774 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.0011437114022873462, "se": 0.05256491153425307, "pvalue": 0.9826680465516157, "lower": -0.10495423719258772, "upper": 0.10266681438801302 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.016708618430053813, "se": 0.050687074578208736, "pvalue": 0.742101195985963, "lower": -0.11681060108643507, "upper": 0.08339336422632745 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.008045375338389772, "se": 0.03245144169479418, "pvalue": 0.8045138607390436, "lower": -0.05604302748893422, "upper": 0.07213377816571376 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.022291792940296075, "se": 0.02834391722577211, "pvalue": 0.432752334078186, "lower": -0.07826823928600693, "upper": 0.03368465340541477 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.020987335377163355, "se": 0.019775951322522214, "pvalue": 0.29017313404177025, "lower": -0.060042892494512334, "upper": 0.01806822174018562 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.033653622376750125, "se": 0.04473071421629663, "pvalue": 0.4529397218668824, "lower": -0.054685134908964, "upper": 0.12199237966246425 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.03939874323710717, "se": 0.05029494356663775, "pvalue": 0.43457729183744476, "lower": -0.05992881927279786, "upper": 0.1387263057470122 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.013250692969850819, "se": 0.0444954919121117, "pvalue": 0.7662432537991066, "lower": -0.10112490936008313, "upper": 0.07462352342038149 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.03859137846403581, "se": 0.0720692855903262, "pvalue": 0.5930642084700934, "lower": -0.1809211230045141, "upper": 0.10373836607644246 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.03640098867894368, "se": 0.10805858894842181, "pvalue": 0.7366612908489055, "lower": -0.24980606456466697, "upper": 0.17700408720677963 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.25382321978706357, "se": 0.21846682851453872, "pvalue": 0.2470311995485866, "lower": -0.685273700228853, "upper": 0.1776272606547259 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.19368175736444662, "se": 0.22098864981729108, "pvalue": 0.3821086075190714, "lower": -0.6301125866310849, "upper": 0.24274907190219172 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.014577911944599502, "se": 0.11306041687847443, "pvalue": 0.897567751067546, "lower": -0.23786110561223928, "upper": 0.20870528172304026 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.04041141621764036, "se": 0.09084684217464677, "pvalue": 0.6570436565435809, "lower": -0.2198249865494966, "upper": 0.13900215411421588 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.1001945213808147, "se": 0.05622355950628929, "pvalue": 0.07663383382722293, "lower": -0.010841473996953746, "upper": 0.21123051675858312 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.9188785689378781, "se": 0.9221983707479504, "pvalue": 0.320560285698641, "lower": -2.7401295699582002, "upper": 0.9023724320824441 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.0937055295445963, "se": 0.28695323176643334, "pvalue": 0.7444325254022423, "lower": -0.47299885551820364, "upper": 0.6604099146073963 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.043337723034996375, "se": 0.3083155693813529, "pvalue": 0.8883920813763575, "lower": -0.5655551759087719, "upper": 0.6522306219787647 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.01757377374629711, "se": 0.30021479613800744, "pvalue": 0.9533936705643251, "lower": -0.5753208954819755, "upper": 0.6104684429745697 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.06015145176123442, "se": 0.20887159199854738, "pvalue": 0.7737325070167121, "lower": -0.3523493811165471, "upper": 0.472652284639016 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.03698514002372279, "se": 0.13488321440397427, "pvalue": 0.7842836932914886, "lower": -0.30336621056805374, "upper": 0.2293959305206082 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.0007088215923226199, "se": 0.122859525650293, "pvalue": 0.995403924429707, "lower": -0.24192664727539914, "upper": 0.2433442904600444 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.12714366982333383, "se": 0.14032815142283966, "pvalue": 0.36627425618842036, "lower": -0.1499906153336605, "upper": 0.40427795498032815 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.1368069284672551, "se": 0.09957570368732598, "pvalue": 0.1713948540297597, "lower": -0.059845284083022254, "upper": 0.33345914101753243 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.04451724902133738, "se": 0.12924097759480424, "pvalue": 0.7309590778315035, "lower": -0.2997554572893445, "upper": 0.21072095924666975 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.047401819055943595, "se": 0.1640531386198518, "pvalue": 0.772999894797872, "lower": -0.3713906184393162, "upper": 0.276586980327429 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.3291272695155822, "se": 0.25709365958253605, "pvalue": 0.20233322891739258, "lower": -0.8368619388914469, "upper": 0.17860739986028257 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.22183158018139806, "se": 0.21406285726901023, "pvalue": 0.30162969088137453, "lower": -0.6445846509401947, "upper": 0.20092149057739853 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.08261402054169181, "se": 0.09221898925944168, "pvalue": 0.37168077691317014, "lower": -0.2647374462918601, "upper": 0.09950940520847645 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.07903836680466084, "se": 0.09791362528071942, "pvalue": 0.4207349940920257, "lower": -0.27240813811688724, "upper": 0.1143314045075656 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.31655334068362107, "se": 0.05636338960774386, "pvalue": 8.443932722976078e-08, "lower": 0.2052411946203549, "upper": 0.42786548674688724 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 ], "weights": [ 0.25203252032520324, 0.23577235772357724, 0.13821138211382114, 0.13821138211382114, 0.13821138211382114, 0.08943089430894309, 0.008130081300813009 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 1.6224650165042043e-08, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 0.0 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.3241020704923276, "df_num": 10, "df_den": 1211, "pvalue": 0.9749886262020702, "log10_pvalue": -0.011000450564530466, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 1762, "design_columns": 90, "restricted_design_columns": 80, "fixed_effect_rank": 461, "covariance_rank": 10, "rss_unrestricted": 267.8633441254723, "rss_restricted": 268.5802315279501, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 5, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.12220003525767908 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.19463290577466852 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.8154241713023553 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.1987874942622806 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.20267399922266105 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.5334203213330856 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.600016127535716 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -1.068052249552008 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.9958889683678465 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.2498586412128827 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.4000453912868067 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.1797411214622514 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.03179883205741235 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.6860686289695609 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.16963564039582846 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.07622401398778576 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.45813105895020917 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.4603847262690248 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.5582807935053067 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.8042004257556294 }, { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 1.1819891960613709 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.7976111869030988 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.9574043651516129 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.4776085164982883 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.3460526340878677 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.016042531609887778 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.5495491554368497 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.0387638197197166 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.15581216987312901 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.19043385310399719 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.8788565472676995 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.47482210102489664 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.9383327785376251 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -0.5448337616394854 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "44c4c4f8cb33d36098a093a1e83e9112703c0b401c6f0d02b67c914e725034b3", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "7c15e11678a92a15a1449529a9d5f84b6508338c54cf3d6ce25067b0b5f700e0" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P038", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FELGA-TRNNPC-SFULL", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P038.json", "input_bytes": 465206, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": "archive_time_fe", "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p038", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FELGA-TRNNPC-SFULL", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FELGA-TRNNPC-SFULL", "specification_id": "S22-P038", "data": "analyses/full-archive/prepared/S22-P038.parquet", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P038" }, "source": { "file": "S22-P038.parquet", "bytes": 63444, "sha256": "753e37b2aa052eeb744aaf133029523613931cc42828bcb4c8760cb34c9fdb96" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 2998, "source_sd": 19.939430415899118, "rows": 2750, "units": 257, "clusters": 257, "treated_units": 28, "never_treated_units": 229, "treated_cohorts": 5, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2750, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 2, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 28, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 1, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 37 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.21969405227287891, "se": 0.12417221322224024, "pvalue": 0.07803955802551854, "lower": -0.46422314959219535, "upper": 0.02483504504643752 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.12016726861944105, "se": 0.11293454585446996, "pvalue": 0.28831160905235914, "lower": -0.3425663210107717, "upper": 0.10223178377188963 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.2710760938152288, "se": 0.15098190883170873, "pvalue": 0.07376598647413055, "lower": -0.5684008246878882, "upper": 0.02624863705743069 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.19067453120151492, "se": 0.12045398888429437, "pvalue": 0.11466387734441932, "lower": -0.4278814264162323, "upper": 0.046532364013202404 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.07301093463537105, "se": 0.13889530808890713, "pvalue": 0.5995833447962164, "lower": -0.3465338382505383, "upper": 0.20051196897979617 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.00521529782734104, "se": 0.09904389969277648, "pvalue": 0.9580467230403223, "lower": -0.20025986342200275, "upper": 0.18982926776732068 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.011392083283069523, "se": 0.0756265343837235, "pvalue": 0.8803814362447082, "lower": -0.1603214428100843, "upper": 0.13753727624394524 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.04679542350945278, "se": 0.07789339596216766, "pvalue": 0.5485297612108915, "lower": -0.20018885435436132, "upper": 0.10659800733545574 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.05850935178288998, "se": 0.07319724642177625, "pvalue": 0.4248353856198781, "lower": -0.20265477795598716, "upper": 0.08563607439020718 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.06420740860663673, "se": 0.06428702763671498, "pvalue": 0.31885334213935534, "lower": -0.06239135636191967, "upper": 0.19080617357519314 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.183402852230902, "se": 0.06609877212019788, "pvalue": 0.005932863904671555, "lower": 0.05323626615629501, "upper": 0.313569438305509 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.16053158893736838, "se": 0.1480385216204681, "pvalue": 0.27921180601059903, "lower": -0.13099680635304842, "upper": 0.45205998422778515 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.1591532279395038, "se": 0.11175381859991844, "pvalue": 0.15562334589446178, "lower": -0.06092064909863373, "upper": 0.37922710497764134 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.04948607307700414, "se": 0.07888392633061098, "pvalue": 0.5310035540071065, "lower": -0.20483012951339913, "upper": 0.10585798335939084 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.16550428978500428, "se": 0.18918291872078682, "pvalue": 0.38248240451713666, "lower": -0.538057271990704, "upper": 0.20704869242069537 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.22987172374751838, "se": 0.28860211585609447, "pvalue": 0.42647922094388174, "lower": -0.7982083350023109, "upper": 0.3384648875072741 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.38513204332947737, "se": 0.2765978775235003, "pvalue": 0.16501266202776566, "lower": -0.9298290214706882, "upper": 0.1595649348117335 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.15585097889818947, "se": 0.1757083713329415, "pvalue": 0.3759186047547225, "lower": -0.5018688867580771, "upper": 0.19016692896169815 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.09154667106477453, "se": 0.15060799229767627, "pvalue": 0.5438275603448437, "lower": -0.20504171574050423, "upper": 0.3881350578700533 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.09666292968741655, "se": 0.11387703501030084, "pvalue": 0.39676557166063764, "lower": -0.1275921419897755, "upper": 0.3209180013646086 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.049283514292203415, "se": 0.05450425088111919, "pvalue": 0.36673197549820724, "lower": -0.15661731242763444, "upper": 0.05805028384322761 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.01766653503835131, "se": 0.045013590410660595, "pvalue": 0.6950367034855507, "lower": -0.10631062331372086, "upper": 0.07097755323701825 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.021446583126275485, "se": 0.032824496231871676, "pvalue": 0.5141033388460653, "lower": -0.08608700649680188, "upper": 0.04319384024425092 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.043116195657073586, "se": 0.03216053244345168, "pvalue": 0.18122076483856756, "lower": -0.1064490924753876, "upper": 0.020216701161240427 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.04719549653090146, "se": 0.039844308889879006, "pvalue": 0.2373145954685929, "lower": -0.12565985367911617, "upper": 0.03126886061731326 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.01037831451119799, "se": 0.021167905648171666, "pvalue": 0.6243519138217392, "lower": -0.03130708938044163, "upper": 0.052063718402837605 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.0624272251794286, "se": 0.02576597849963679, "pvalue": 0.016093496327128858, "lower": 0.011686956478664044, "upper": 0.11316749388019315 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.044919025907221924, "se": 0.0833122917117671, "pvalue": 0.5902419732482476, "lower": -0.11914569484813899, "upper": 0.20898374666258285 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.054588211796280026, "se": 0.06314015512576038, "pvalue": 0.3880918055818782, "lower": -0.06975204708168961, "upper": 0.17892847067424966 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.035762543985738686, "se": 0.025072600019980254, "pvalue": 0.1549829268694326, "lower": -0.08513736055086647, "upper": 0.0136122725793891 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.10387732929825716, "se": 0.06934804653738605, "pvalue": 0.1353878949683311, "lower": -0.240442626642959, "upper": 0.03268796804644469 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.34114609521338224, "se": 0.2620992640471668, "pvalue": 0.19422623840375608, "lower": -0.8572913323994396, "upper": 0.17499914197267508 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.47214078784212427, "se": 0.3741716153272221, "pvalue": 0.20815859357626548, "lower": -1.2089871801563146, "upper": 0.2647056044720661 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.6353282281496206, "se": 0.3625469836140403, "pvalue": 0.08090182153292101, "lower": -1.3492825367541785, "upper": 0.07862608045493735 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.39540564803791, "se": 0.24585901988993977, "pvalue": 0.10901040864828015, "lower": -0.8795693964435067, "upper": 0.08875810036768678 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.1455325609166645, "se": 0.151917590539513, "pvalue": 0.3389814910622841, "lower": -0.4446999053455314, "upper": 0.1536347835122024 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.30079358115930277, "se": 0.1502144172239816, "pvalue": 0.04629336596987104, "lower": -0.5966069108483354, "upper": -0.004980251470270203 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.0014532893403860607, "se": 0.1417928383579304, "pvalue": 0.9918303000692975, "lower": -0.2806822236588279, "upper": 0.27777564497805574 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.019678711429936442, "se": 0.1007788967022513, "pvalue": 0.845339450934241, "lower": -0.17878253847411474, "upper": 0.2181399613339876 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.013444566891350138, "se": 0.08313547860999312, "pvalue": 0.8716548876685374, "lower": -0.15027196043933821, "upper": 0.17716109422203852 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.016712331176107893, "se": 0.08782803998274429, "pvalue": 0.8492368546732115, "lower": -0.189669797093762, "upper": 0.1562451347415462 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.02256502613382285, "se": 0.07876029565135641, "pvalue": 0.7747249628882119, "lower": -0.17766561990160143, "upper": 0.13253556763395571 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.07308028690264344, "se": 0.058918991667636304, "pvalue": 0.21598084527713335, "lower": -0.04294734499327375, "upper": 0.18910791879856065 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.1774608151976633, "se": 0.06190440542538047, "pvalue": 0.004492889933662239, "lower": 0.05555408593880165, "upper": 0.2993675444565249 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.15015984060907156, "se": 0.17042343687212205, "pvalue": 0.3790909540353886, "lower": -0.18545058380858276, "upper": 0.4857702650267259 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.1351446463056091, "se": 0.12864724680682127, "pvalue": 0.29447639323832553, "lower": -0.11819701780715505, "upper": 0.3884863104183732 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.038280576099180105, "se": 0.07774774060305335, "pvalue": 0.6228805066081498, "lower": -0.1913871716484964, "upper": 0.1148260194501362 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.2341518424034225, "se": 0.20640592359272936, "pvalue": 0.257677834039489, "lower": -0.6406216384048513, "upper": 0.1723179535980063 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.34755105090829724, "se": 0.3036312289612012, "pvalue": 0.25342382297890403, "lower": -0.9454841021856586, "upper": 0.25038200036906416 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.5272430801150182, "se": 0.2872173887613603, "pvalue": 0.06756286839020229, "lower": -1.0928527844578522, "upper": 0.03836662422781567 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.3513844954326435, "se": 0.17830791071195798, "pvalue": 0.04984001770204714, "lower": -0.70252160831676, "upper": -0.0002473825485269643 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.0818068555088554, "se": 0.09377548875922288, "pvalue": 0.38382441758387587, "lower": -0.2664764770120935, "upper": 0.10286276599438267 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.30960523901347103, "se": 0.16279595557147858, "pvalue": 0.05831993644923484, "lower": -0.6301950636619311, "upper": 0.010984585634989108 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 ], "weights": [ 0.4444444444444444, 0.15873015873015872, 0.1111111111111111, 0.1111111111111111, 0.07936507936507936, 0.07936507936507936, 0.015873015873015872 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 1.2271990895706963e-07, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 1.916866351548269e-15 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.5431236461744409, "df_num": 9, "df_den": 2043, "pvalue": 0.8437358834062463, "log10_pvalue": -0.07379348030617172, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2750, "design_columns": 90, "restricted_design_columns": 81, "fixed_effect_rank": 617, "covariance_rank": 9, "rss_unrestricted": 415.1608501075362, "rss_restricted": 416.15417026022027, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 5, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ -0.45454545454545453, 0.04545454545454544, 0.04545454545454545, 0.04545454545454545, 0.04545454545454545, 0.04545454545454545 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_8,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.06655838205955955 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.021929281837171827 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.1603620039701575 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.06991460186940132 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.613408225628224 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.3139817519527136 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.19590499320422927 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.18002186497100792 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.8360116536478743 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.7531741419421472 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.10782575497907104 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.08832065400399636 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.1692406721129911 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.11578123763748452 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.02159011910552172 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.11558327343631447 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.5055832478420768 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.6162281337586234 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.36310589542947685 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.7902004409179836 }, { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.12521923440250343 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.0619217395368019 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.0716512465870468 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.026817221538215724 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.12189985598109931 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.0405409860782614 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.01564235688523627 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.3200195582028063 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.8698400874070054 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.7595101450010442 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.26675660502537657 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.15721479702067875 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.15935754269982455 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.7769332808975569 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "7c15e11678a92a15a1449529a9d5f84b6508338c54cf3d6ce25067b0b5f700e0" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P039", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FELGA-TRNNPC-SONSHORE", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P039.json", "input_bytes": 326490, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": "archive_time_fe", "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p039", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FELGA-TRNNPC-SONSHORE", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FELGA-TRNNPC-SONSHORE", "specification_id": "S22-P039", "data": "analyses/full-archive/prepared/S22-P039.parquet", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P039" }, "source": { "file": "S22-P039.parquet", "bytes": 46730, "sha256": "4e7fc77e6cd19999cf491f05c280479a2e8d64dd0ac46b6b868c61682920d07b" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 2099, "source_sd": 22.568199740335043, "rows": 1916, "units": 175, "clusters": 175, "treated_units": 24, "never_treated_units": 151, "treated_cohorts": 3, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 1916, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 2, "initially_treated_units_removed": 20, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 35 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.17957745866693553, "se": 0.16968725044087066, "pvalue": 0.29139252374759683, "lower": -0.514487732297827, "upper": 0.1553328149639559 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.11535058310325833, "se": 0.16327836345281865, "pvalue": 0.4808434226590425, "lower": -0.43761169134746736, "upper": 0.20691052514095074 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.21652334618787922, "se": 0.21323309472331492, "pvalue": 0.3113106282914761, "lower": -0.6373796799159819, "upper": 0.2043329875402234 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.14142155067261403, "se": 0.16351770880254315, "pvalue": 0.38830097223007415, "lower": -0.4641550527847198, "upper": 0.18131195143949175 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.0910460351195444, "se": 0.14369456953908818, "pvalue": 0.5271686312117613, "lower": -0.3746547769582766, "upper": 0.1925627067191878 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.04492809872987481, "se": 0.11045590312415593, "pvalue": 0.6846904292570017, "lower": -0.2629339691965475, "upper": 0.1730777717367979 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.05013752219798076, "se": 0.0865331418061459, "pvalue": 0.5630669768485627, "lower": -0.2209272434359693, "upper": 0.12065219904000779 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.09524504356107892, "se": 0.07767741862220198, "pvalue": 0.22179480437568933, "lower": -0.24855629975806798, "upper": 0.05806621263591015 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.07687289992644017, "se": 0.07899381202650219, "pvalue": 0.33182921159548057, "lower": -0.2327823105168479, "upper": 0.07903651066396755 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.03139924338318753, "se": 0.07291206959846738, "pvalue": 0.6672592295988288, "lower": -0.11250668423820659, "upper": 0.17530517100458165 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.1415463651473889, "se": 0.07287944184188119, "pvalue": 0.05372765375934236, "lower": -0.002295165350132633, "upper": 0.2853878956449104 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.06532692090697016, "se": 0.16066882430207718, "pvalue": 0.6848061387219281, "lower": -0.25178376225371213, "upper": 0.3824376040676525 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.11285010274326708, "se": 0.13043322357735357, "pvalue": 0.38812335184066776, "lower": -0.1445848340911457, "upper": 0.37028503957767983 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.02941208088149959, "se": 0.07960786865312412, "pvalue": 0.7122326472234537, "lower": -0.1865334497793965, "upper": 0.12770928801639736 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.26257970211798004, "se": 0.2824895800948499, "pvalue": 0.3539074249599278, "lower": -0.8201269681714729, "upper": 0.2949675639355129 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.4427799816928949, "se": 0.5490255273124197, "pvalue": 0.4210650822374678, "lower": -1.526386965156982, "upper": 0.6408270017711922 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.4669635903332178, "se": 0.5342666764949379, "pvalue": 0.38330817883442464, "lower": -1.5214411562782042, "upper": 0.5875139756117684 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.001087252882157667, "se": 0.19124251798435013, "pvalue": 0.9954704001247482, "lower": -0.3763664677809511, "upper": 0.37854097354526645 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.152466651922452, "se": 0.09309193167928542, "pvalue": 0.10326902067803087, "lower": -0.03126809674331085, "upper": 0.3362014005882149 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.04121204362420847, "se": 0.051796107520148855, "pvalue": 0.42731431243278684, "lower": -0.14344157764941146, "upper": 0.0610174904009945 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.02233262864006491, "se": 0.04332462346669404, "pvalue": 0.6068775600331656, "lower": -0.10784206710693403, "upper": 0.06317680982680421 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.02010322367467453, "se": 0.03352634391956831, "pvalue": 0.5495364015582127, "lower": -0.08627388167504459, "upper": 0.04606743432569553 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.05148913390670701, "se": 0.029685972764819046, "pvalue": 0.08460742871455439, "lower": -0.1100800842334623, "upper": 0.007101816420048278 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.03476931522354933, "se": 0.03816467194096496, "pvalue": 0.3635378141611343, "lower": -0.11009460153453068, "upper": 0.04055597108743203 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.005866759721524601, "se": 0.02331212026804075, "pvalue": 0.8015998169571248, "lower": -0.04014417249407149, "upper": 0.0518776919371207 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.06711987296522788, "se": 0.026375059501557215, "pvalue": 0.011802300279278614, "lower": 0.01506364380394732, "upper": 0.11917610212650845 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.020278407374454896, "se": 0.082032935952583, "pvalue": 0.8050461454109201, "lower": -0.1416292960932164, "upper": 0.18218611084212621 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.05738308296810797, "se": 0.065651199584962, "pvalue": 0.38329038718455716, "lower": -0.07219212766244902, "upper": 0.18695829359866495 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.012491396426140363, "se": 0.02456514415898335, "pvalue": 0.6117462625836105, "lower": -0.06097541116909971, "upper": 0.035992618316818985 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.05370170796220384, "se": 0.06867668639794546, "pvalue": 0.4353069476499885, "lower": -0.18924829601664114, "upper": 0.08184488009223348 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.4198174095773091, "se": 0.3880983075387638, "pvalue": 0.28086960878046874, "lower": -1.1858037169503872, "upper": 0.3461688977957689 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.6664199829165875, "se": 0.672574907892129, "pvalue": 0.3231353413343809, "lower": -1.9938753212180123, "upper": 0.6610353553848372 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.7128513965855878, "se": 0.6770759089541335, "pvalue": 0.2938750119829744, "lower": -2.0491903221534233, "upper": 0.6234875289822479 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.15336192479352412, "se": 0.2693517237395405, "pvalue": 0.5698365043696106, "lower": -0.684979116221798, "upper": 0.3782552666347498 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.00544881472572499, "se": 0.1145687795709548, "pvalue": 0.9621219863389625, "lower": -0.231572234228219, "upper": 0.22067460477676903 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.03330429349502141, "se": 0.1403041819788517, "pvalue": 0.8126474156256371, "lower": -0.31022145642865934, "upper": 0.24361286943861654 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.03164032768234544, "se": 0.10829187223384484, "pvalue": 0.7704998475937342, "lower": -0.24537506890544342, "upper": 0.18209441354075256 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.03469332498685707, "se": 0.08964727682729669, "pvalue": 0.6992305259301281, "lower": -0.21162938785833554, "upper": 0.1422427378846214 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.07580374562814497, "se": 0.08280517647063175, "pvalue": 0.3612239801637928, "lower": -0.23923561359572187, "upper": 0.08762812233943194 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.05642103504398115, "se": 0.07875257822422192, "pvalue": 0.4746838000367764, "lower": -0.21185432454384853, "upper": 0.09901225445588621 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.026693445935559047, "se": 0.06175200524719694, "pvalue": 0.6660815175906915, "lower": -0.09518595820860569, "upper": 0.1485728500797238 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.14877834021315967, "se": 0.07109722615814668, "pvalue": 0.03783526329827243, "lower": 0.008454353554423977, "upper": 0.28910232687189535 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.08583962203383662, "se": 0.1731259772239508, "pvalue": 0.6206458646238254, "lower": -0.25585763721248, "upper": 0.4275368812801532 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.11287195856541453, "se": 0.14221620442278635, "pvalue": 0.42847174586498105, "lower": -0.16781894669843872, "upper": 0.3935628638292678 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.020433441720105222, "se": 0.08289777739759321, "pvalue": 0.8055937897817982, "lower": -0.18404807534453946, "upper": 0.143181191904329 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.3194483573920496, "se": 0.30080014473483013, "pvalue": 0.28970955296898543, "lower": -0.9131350281325717, "upper": 0.2742383133484726 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.4931595256850419, "se": 0.5560038458741561, "pvalue": 0.3763185913794963, "lower": -1.590539556758319, "upper": 0.6042205053882352 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.5455886077747906, "se": 0.5509073191396775, "pvalue": 0.32338043228726804, "lower": -1.6329096676597392, "upper": 0.5417324521101582 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.07653631615985809, "se": 0.19930963477346236, "pvalue": 0.7014420299189297, "lower": -0.46991203617315014, "upper": 0.316839403853434 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.09070980329333503, "se": 0.09197126761780074, "pvalue": 0.32536317663740755, "lower": -0.09081310030743325, "upper": 0.2722327068941033 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ], "weights": [ 0.5217391304347826, 0.13043478260869565, 0.08695652173913043, 0.08695652173913043, 0.08695652173913043, 0.08695652173913043 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 3.178930452207851e-10, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 8.072666465229392e-16 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.09276432428071062, "df_num": 1, "df_den": 1341, "pvalue": 0.7607391303141677, "log10_pvalue": -0.11876424426496704, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 1916, "design_columns": 70, "restricted_design_columns": 69, "fixed_effect_rank": 505, "covariance_rank": 1, "rss_unrestricted": 281.65870152393427, "rss_restricted": 281.6781854009847, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 6, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ -0.45454545454545453, 0.045454545454545456, 0.045454545454545456, 0.045454545454545456, 0.045454545454545456, 0.045454545454545456 ], [ 0.04545454545454544, -0.45454545454545453, 0.045454545454545456, 0.045454545454545456, 0.045454545454545456, 0.045454545454545456 ], [ 0.04545454545454544, 0.045454545454545456, -0.45454545454545453, 0.045454545454545456, 0.045454545454545456, 0.045454545454545456 ], [ 0.04545454545454544, 0.045454545454545456, 0.045454545454545456, -0.45454545454545453, 0.045454545454545456, 0.045454545454545456 ], [ 0.04545454545454544, 0.045454545454545456, 0.045454545454545456, 0.045454545454545456, -0.45454545454545453, 0.045454545454545456 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.06655150368730031 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.18826536217517956 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.034385321840381664 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.09046932388567713 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.4011159321340359 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.14415643152919147 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.06202636909775466 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.20094376945428566 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.11446361937994717 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.18899796100293448 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -0.12217110014473612 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.15915739252096245 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.22715721864636804 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.058181138759265075 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.1695581612005093 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "dc03912f734aeea9c01261eb3ebca2fad60361c0c3401f189b1bf3d21da9f63f", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "7c15e11678a92a15a1449529a9d5f84b6508338c54cf3d6ce25067b0b5f700e0" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P040", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FENONE-TRDI-SFULL", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P040.json", "input_bytes": 489182, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p040", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FENONE-TRDI-SFULL", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FENONE-TRDI-SFULL", "specification_id": "S22-P040", "data": "repl-archives/twfe-microdata-replication-private/outputs/expansion_nigerian_oil_2026_10_06/validation/native_inputs/REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FENONE-TRDI-SFULL.csv", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P040" }, "source": { "file": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FENONE-TRDI-SFULL.csv", "bytes": 489182, "sha256": "5847c3c9d11b8898a0ab1ca1c4edb1fcaf3158a38229e764ceee0cb0a9b4a79f" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3173, "source_sd": 19.570498923768714, "rows": 3167, "units": 303, "clusters": 303, "treated_units": 52, "never_treated_units": 251, "treated_cohorts": 6, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 3167, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 1, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 0 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.26058903381841686, "se": 0.048392318481709495, "pvalue": 1.4590015722682218e-07, "lower": -0.3558178687454177, "upper": -0.165360198891416 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.19857297915258895, "se": 0.10225730181835485, "pvalue": 0.05307946459751269, "lower": -0.3998000337856742, "upper": 0.0026540754804962874 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.2640972810958561, "se": 0.050127480257625076, "pvalue": 2.620197309506772e-07, "lower": -0.3627406545181093, "upper": -0.16545390767360296 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.20611977391920205, "se": 0.06654022436226163, "pvalue": 0.0021338322612796286, "lower": -0.3370609695594645, "upper": -0.07517857827893956 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.25620121211104807, "se": 0.20304568754354865, "pvalue": 0.20799767759764087, "lower": -0.14336229028721387, "upper": 0.65576471450931 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.11410578121932785, "se": 0.18678090696619604, "pvalue": 0.5417205975384213, "lower": -0.481662631460388, "upper": 0.2534510690217323 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.10775846361990475, "se": 0.18768246523649582, "pvalue": 0.5662916055097296, "lower": -0.26157251826834854, "upper": 0.47708944550815807 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.26476348885469697, "se": 0.15028126206905243, "pvalue": 0.07911713520773353, "lower": -0.030967526876740148, "upper": 0.560494504586134 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.11468116592623126, "se": 0.13395325963429677, "pvalue": 0.3926056259138439, "lower": -0.14891878650153903, "upper": 0.3782811183540016 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.0671841455698946, "se": 0.11355469420519003, "pvalue": 0.5545304873161493, "lower": -0.2906427763800566, "upper": 0.15627448524026738 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.023209778789382796, "se": 0.11337142027446152, "pvalue": 0.8379261698545043, "lower": -0.24630775395329044, "upper": 0.19988819637452485 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.14802103803755007, "se": 0.1089631585136628, "pvalue": 0.17533468707329491, "lower": -0.06640213821808086, "upper": 0.36244421429318097 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.20939578272366965, "se": 0.11079437886628682, "pvalue": 0.05972219924213881, "lower": -0.4274225263665691, "upper": 0.008630960919229741 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.1751066059889132, "se": 0.12681399431533247, "pvalue": 0.16835698752870706, "lower": -0.42465755353553325, "upper": 0.07444434155770688 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.4014063716073747, "se": 0.11414770117817062, "pvalue": 0.0005043038238656995, "lower": -0.6260319513241461, "upper": -0.17678079189060322 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.2537959207580655, "se": 0.10708321609146146, "pvalue": 0.01841229958975052, "lower": -0.4645196518907325, "upper": -0.04307218962539852 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.10559771396381468, "se": 0.10505162232451387, "pvalue": 0.31560607774232174, "lower": -0.31232357284027845, "upper": 0.10112814491264913 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.027006681259387922, "se": 0.11086339888112137, "pvalue": 0.8077035253414412, "lower": -0.19115588343539644, "upper": 0.2451692459541723 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.1318867652226441, "se": 0.11488643692909944, "pvalue": 0.2518873849925611, "lower": -0.09419253580955608, "upper": 0.3579660662548443 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.1429750390534155, "se": 0.0905462056714718, "pvalue": 0.11537632956339676, "lower": -0.3211564104711516, "upper": 0.035206332364320636 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.1414664512285692, "se": 0.08477518523121111, "pvalue": 0.0962082762677511, "lower": -0.025358416303665976, "upper": 0.3082913187608044 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.14648021784449497, "se": 0.07324692227451117, "pvalue": 0.04641575098430983, "lower": -0.2906191904962529, "upper": -0.0023412451927370403 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.031287038985545426, "se": 0.059685286131973256, "pvalue": 0.6005238135806729, "lower": -0.08616466489966405, "upper": 0.1487387428707549 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.14811470718863165, "se": 0.04752208297298214, "pvalue": 0.0020044817054603423, "lower": 0.05459836540534192, "upper": 0.2416310489719214 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.039348042951846775, "se": 0.04114151317559062, "pvalue": 0.33963147357552853, "lower": -0.04161229310492131, "upper": 0.12030837900861485 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.11324190031642167, "se": 0.02294610987059454, "pvalue": 1.3263232847644844e-06, "lower": -0.1583964078424368, "upper": -0.06808739279040654 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.07027564911994333, "se": 0.033683003606659254, "pvalue": 0.037782660335581086, "lower": -0.1365587554256782, "upper": -0.003992542814208466 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.08152679176398883, "se": 0.07573524714569112, "pvalue": 0.28257587194867295, "lower": -0.0675088315512811, "upper": 0.23056241507925876 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.05194964726497199, "se": 0.08242150042105394, "pvalue": 0.5289799026463956, "lower": -0.21414281560839143, "upper": 0.11024352107844744 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.28015707937106205, "se": 0.05425923205395029, "pvalue": 4.410048405852122e-07, "lower": -0.38693112150513376, "upper": -0.17338303723699036 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.2349422708636032, "se": 0.07306145213627918, "pvalue": 0.0014424378156721017, "lower": -0.37871626606167175, "upper": -0.09116827566553468 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.48899398868107785, "se": 0.10472091767034225, "pvalue": 4.548941365628985e-06, "lower": -0.6950690703286391, "upper": -0.2829189070335167 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.33151542784170424, "se": 0.08074131476082831, "pvalue": 5.189389523817974e-05, "lower": -0.49040224245163155, "upper": -0.17262861323177692 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.16868724651564976, "se": 0.05276722199959571, "pvalue": 0.0015368038116920048, "lower": -0.2725252363250274, "upper": -0.06484925670627213 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.01205278786062164, "se": 0.06390371104856685, "pvalue": 0.8505262910625345, "lower": -0.11370014445583301, "upper": 0.1378057201770763 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.0825206595360998, "se": 0.07594064240350727, "pvalue": 0.2780594611860195, "lower": -0.06691915088396355, "upper": 0.23196046995616315 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.037587842835330176, "se": 0.052884614544788947, "pvalue": 0.4777864966257804, "lower": -0.1416568435914574, "upper": 0.06648115792079703 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.4179488140342255, "se": 0.3104029759276121, "pvalue": 0.17916013604390835, "lower": -0.192877752720015, "upper": 1.028775380788466 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.1305190130587584, "se": 0.29274592456803805, "pvalue": 0.6560293991331915, "lower": -0.7065991472804476, "upper": 0.44556112116293084 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.11832414741900779, "se": 0.2811168913061281, "pvalue": 0.6741221614775501, "lower": -0.43487179105418494, "upper": 0.6715200858922005 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.2751475112618833, "se": 0.18117996300810918, "pvalue": 0.1298987699400602, "lower": -0.08138752013779127, "upper": 0.6316825426615579 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.11662347299152079, "se": 0.14507677346096354, "pvalue": 0.4221019353563793, "lower": -0.16886588864916477, "upper": 0.4021128346322064 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.07012080058051415, "se": 0.11752513814315584, "pvalue": 0.5511913279247173, "lower": -0.30139267039674617, "upper": 0.16115106923571787 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.024770534546117884, "se": 0.115850515858581, "pvalue": 0.8308359015085794, "lower": -0.25274699851889715, "upper": 0.20320592942666135 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.19978006920726915, "se": 0.08935084703851862, "pvalue": 0.0260883211732122, "lower": 0.023950984547173898, "upper": 0.3756091538673644 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.20713167613415007, "se": 0.10894757391546361, "pvalue": 0.058226884808396225, "lower": -0.4215241842346713, "upper": 0.007260831966371201 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.15920013788609494, "se": 0.1250539529171571, "pvalue": 0.20397881965730025, "lower": -0.405287587567142, "upper": 0.08688731179495213 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.5080528290336268, "se": 0.09287201806818605, "pvalue": 9.430020667536382e-08, "lower": -0.6908110509050478, "upper": -0.3252946071622058 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.2611419827274105, "se": 0.058525019622219565, "pvalue": 1.1470542638330927e-05, "lower": -0.37631045589759604, "upper": -0.145973509557225 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.09102459194387846, "se": 0.050175490215197634, "pvalue": 0.0706507905459159, "lower": -0.1897624417720566, "upper": 0.007713257884299676 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.032197310914628, "se": 0.05203957604025989, "pvalue": 0.5365750101615865, "lower": -0.07020878062822866, "upper": 0.13460340245748467 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.18819673460708491, "se": 0.059024784543683276, "pvalue": 0.0015805522138862326, "lower": 0.07204479892256749, "upper": 0.30434867029160234 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.11078133245857966, "se": 0.06193028224879335, "pvalue": 0.07464804119246736, "lower": -0.011088187545550077, "upper": 0.2326508524627094 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 ], "weights": [ 0.24528301886792453, 0.24528301886792453, 0.14622641509433962, 0.13679245283018868, 0.13679245283018868, 0.0660377358490566, 0.018867924528301886, 0.0047169811320754715 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 2.2980936614791503e-07, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 3.0185009902333305e-16 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 1.812765955854943, "df_num": 18, "df_den": 2754, "pvalue": 0.019002181513361277, "log10_pvalue": -1.7211965377403557, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 3167, "design_columns": 100, "restricted_design_columns": 82, "fixed_effect_rank": 313, "covariance_rank": 18, "rss_unrestricted": 753.2668572212592, "rss_restricted": 762.1916710411582, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 4, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-4.0]" ], "data": [ [ -0.06942148760330573, 0.00033057851239671565, 0.007603305785123965, -0.03537190082644634, -0.017851239669421492, 0.008264462809917359 ], [ 0.006942148760317553, -0.06826410478266165, 0.0003227019124491048, 0.011840439180096352, -0.03214989408362404, -0.0203210311185618 ], [ 0.0069421487602751636, 0.007548169585523767, -0.06754733418867691, 0.004598733833628834, 0.01468266565499239, -0.0308032384420057 ], [ 0.0069421487602751636, 0.007548169585523767, 0.0074526658113230684, -0.063258409023514, 0.007539808512135274, 0.015625332986565786 ], [ 0.0069421487601713265, 0.007548169585411957, 0.007452665811217703, 0.011741590976316938, -0.05963586034217592, 0.008433799129007526 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_5,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.6.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.33140445080559733 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.1322602244389255 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.3267562533706603 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.17784641609739205 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.1592781902475673 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.8557530683076083 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.9228132664778148 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.1532326891430452 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.5364635242401171 }, { "event_time": 6.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.15024465939446824 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.11655347460098053 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.26529357982738977 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.27026950077056605 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.24747596320649726 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.08170147541741374 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.3133518722323419 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.8083356113301955 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.6524097903484382 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.09033753666826669 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.3271774852142012 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.17837429588071385 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.02444972278112413 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.02087923976980033 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.15617738831407812 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.22509167606787028 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.2900229318130296 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.7137638148374849 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.8556223179140625 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.13137975406475624 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.33793953922945075 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.4181476798879904 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -2.201737818633811 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.8286325280731703 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.7507695305444484 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.7560876624554669 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -2.1114718498599445 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -2.207786416852783 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -2.216394075920746 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -2.014209067346268 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -2.0695817838696984 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.1524955597714191 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.37078138153456325 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.2833452042695296 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.04907956785490952 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "7c15e11678a92a15a1449529a9d5f84b6508338c54cf3d6ce25067b0b5f700e0" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P041", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FENONE-TRDI-SONSHORE", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P041.json", "input_bytes": 354440, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p041", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FENONE-TRDI-SONSHORE", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FENONE-TRDI-SONSHORE", "specification_id": "S22-P041", "data": "repl-archives/twfe-microdata-replication-private/outputs/expansion_nigerian_oil_2026_10_06/validation/native_inputs/REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FENONE-TRDI-SONSHORE.csv", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P041" }, "source": { "file": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FENONE-TRDI-SONSHORE.csv", "bytes": 354440, "sha256": "ff95438b9124f088b7bd8e6f78956d10cded0a844cced42daad832d598633e91" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 2291, "source_sd": 21.965037243976433, "rows": 2285, "units": 216, "clusters": 216, "treated_units": 49, "never_treated_units": 167, "treated_cohorts": 5, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2285, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 1, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 0 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.27992479239217416, "se": 0.051856524198979286, "pvalue": 1.7751200414983936e-07, "lower": -0.38213706745671644, "upper": -0.17771251732763188 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.17281182309240548, "se": 0.10287618951184688, "pvalue": 0.09444793699211435, "lower": -0.37558687488008097, "upper": 0.029963228695270017 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.2812685125386315, "se": 0.051982461157188874, "pvalue": 1.667219920450214e-07, "lower": -0.38372901679346655, "upper": -0.17880800828379645 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.19705826602738652, "se": 0.06748362572536903, "pvalue": 0.003872150843267495, "lower": -0.3300724821080279, "upper": -0.06404404994674512 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.37988535105848775, "se": 0.20939113560050834, "pvalue": 0.07103499105900728, "lower": -0.03283695686081739, "upper": 0.7926076589777928 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.017350985569392897, "se": 0.19407492252113404, "pvalue": 0.9288444350214774, "lower": -0.3998841319820547, "upper": 0.3651821608432689 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.22984340438958947, "se": 0.191933778370165, "pvalue": 0.23242482278164409, "lower": -0.14846942031250168, "upper": 0.6081562290916807 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.3691862938689214, "se": 0.15135343525712583, "pvalue": 0.015529184534445791, "lower": 0.07085972463909934, "upper": 0.6675128630987435 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.18052246251742304, "se": 0.1322288279747401, "pvalue": 0.17360827715931865, "lower": -0.08010837507122903, "upper": 0.4411533001060751 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.031773409890629226, "se": 0.11241902633125171, "pvalue": 0.7777295238999593, "lower": -0.25335795724222543, "upper": 0.189811137460967 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.028505457894519148, "se": 0.11440416329358591, "pvalue": 0.8034713963814779, "lower": -0.19699191177537057, "upper": 0.25400282756440884 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.1623529607199736, "se": 0.11037047607403494, "pvalue": 0.1427580940956575, "lower": -0.05519377295998626, "upper": 0.37989969439993343 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.18359238672509537, "se": 0.11154124906636727, "pvalue": 0.10123310146363641, "lower": -0.4034467831915396, "upper": 0.03626200974134883 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.1564039163204817, "se": 0.13652047654534155, "pvalue": 0.2532159090549702, "lower": -0.4254938469732096, "upper": 0.1126860143322462 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.40099158942361113, "se": 0.11571161446466861, "pvalue": 0.0006389830394916586, "lower": -0.6290660226510078, "upper": -0.17291715619621453 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.2093679190697202, "se": 0.10392834950666494, "pvalue": 0.04519836077825391, "lower": -0.4142168404131259, "upper": -0.004518997726314478 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.02464925414421201, "se": 0.10657131342570389, "pvalue": 0.8173067479956195, "lower": -0.23470761362970954, "upper": 0.18540910534128552 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.017651076876037862, "se": 0.1076159211870312, "pvalue": 0.8698701187746231, "lower": -0.19446626626647545, "upper": 0.2297684200185512 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.1112151569005987, "se": 0.12163533690727327, "pvalue": 0.3615663511317982, "lower": -0.12853528348428156, "upper": 0.350965597285479 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.17765659326165034, "se": 0.08371611101399203, "pvalue": 0.03497100384969929, "lower": 0.012647188977968377, "upper": 0.34266599754533233 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.119038758664387, "se": 0.07424651075435357, "pvalue": 0.11033846750587102, "lower": -0.2653830209733494, "upper": 0.027305503644575443 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.0718492348357781, "se": 0.0579632927286669, "pvalue": 0.21648786260879377, "lower": -0.042399842045963615, "upper": 0.1860983117175198 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.17257223350369938, "se": 0.04535714734236727, "pvalue": 0.00018504283982160476, "lower": 0.08317061448056653, "upper": 0.26197385252683225 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.044992163529187626, "se": 0.03744681923382413, "pvalue": 0.2308811029708857, "lower": -0.02881773111653109, "upper": 0.11880205817490634 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.11719839399821025, "se": 0.02171576590360385, "pvalue": 1.7850452156205901e-07, "lower": -0.1600014524766274, "upper": -0.07439533551979309 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.06556215931340482, "se": 0.03188392474266141, "pvalue": 0.04096356556716567, "lower": -0.12840726002685027, "upper": -0.002717058599959396 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.04981881782428815, "se": 0.07222130849109501, "pvalue": 0.49105897601268894, "lower": -0.09253365108951278, "upper": 0.1921712867380891 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.08951982806111554, "se": 0.07961237715007528, "pvalue": 0.2620776391087622, "lower": -0.24644053027751567, "upper": 0.06740087415528458 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.3054988727814709, "se": 0.06117544011027279, "pvalue": 1.2231104485423378e-06, "lower": -0.42607928206136464, "upper": -0.1849184635015772 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.25759487314849344, "se": 0.08770704099817792, "pvalue": 0.003675014536462054, "lower": -0.4304706363833017, "upper": -0.0847191099136852 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.5313044840539239, "se": 0.1132717157928902, "pvalue": 4.842804623104373e-06, "lower": -0.7545697327472299, "upper": -0.30803923536061795 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.3301143789595491, "se": 0.07780066133762642, "pvalue": 3.277606342799935e-05, "lower": -0.4834640821971081, "upper": -0.1767646757219901 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.12697403528778342, "se": 0.04814923801541761, "pvalue": 0.008972441485829456, "lower": -0.22187903010185642, "upper": -0.032069040473710425 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.01614383684979068, "se": 0.05554436691042845, "pvalue": 0.7716010174004121, "lower": -0.12562506793172892, "upper": 0.09333739423214756 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.04692789391563213, "se": 0.08498847152271183, "pvalue": 0.5814069441063435, "lower": -0.12058940815540461, "upper": 0.21444519598666886 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.6294128913105418, "se": 0.3184397744702637, "pvalue": 0.049370560642947404, "lower": 0.0017492689907476766, "upper": 1.257076513630336 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.041295936042179224, "se": 0.3046536678940501, "pvalue": 0.8923035182016149, "lower": -0.5591944551518624, "upper": 0.6417863272362208 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.32623289523420507, "se": 0.288424233018605, "pvalue": 0.2592785755355997, "lower": -0.24226832030151657, "upper": 0.8947341107699267 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.41516275799494295, "se": 0.18393186124064667, "pvalue": 0.02500342223068155, "lower": 0.05262218504554639, "upper": 0.7777033309443395 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.2003697518618244, "se": 0.1428840132615777, "pvalue": 0.16226057536429533, "lower": -0.08126308588447315, "upper": 0.4820025896081219 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.015980592939194724, "se": 0.1169445481669056, "pvalue": 0.8914345113882318, "lower": -0.2464852113873715, "upper": 0.21452402550898209 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.039119829394503994, "se": 0.11754739299243211, "pvalue": 0.7396091697643971, "lower": -0.1925730318462579, "upper": 0.27081269063526586 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.23168190536626998, "se": 0.0902302098054442, "pvalue": 0.010916588273278469, "lower": 0.05383282723721644, "upper": 0.4095309834953235 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.17028836263079647, "se": 0.11049825423463616, "pvalue": 0.12476405010094971, "lower": -0.3880869546198188, "upper": 0.04751022935822588 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.11483471192439386, "se": 0.1306699220478457, "pvalue": 0.380482593860061, "lower": -0.3723928537652925, "upper": 0.14272342991650477 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.5557638595492547, "se": 0.10187593833312186, "pvalue": 1.3391245094973064e-07, "lower": -0.7565673571266793, "upper": -0.35496036197183006 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.27255294374607997, "se": 0.05819284092725711, "pvalue": 4.9934470135495606e-06, "lower": -0.38725447369862226, "upper": -0.15785141379353768 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.05237268841424042, "se": 0.046901110219526004, "pvalue": 0.26538523934933667, "lower": -0.1448175495506327, "upper": 0.04007217272215187 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.024957517108709366, "se": 0.05147874512766101, "pvalue": 0.6283032281820028, "lower": -0.12642516728857858, "upper": 0.07651013307115984 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.12171465449314696, "se": 0.0606033620145315, "pvalue": 0.04585381754587969, "lower": 0.0022618449624369624, "upper": 0.24116746402385697 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 ], "weights": [ 0.24873096446700507, 0.24873096446700507, 0.14720812182741116, 0.13705583756345177, 0.13705583756345177, 0.06598984771573604, 0.015228426395939087 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 1.2942848764962989e-08, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 2.2486878405199235e-15 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 2.8588109549264544, "df_num": 12, "df_den": 1969, "pvalue": 0.0006513060327783259, "log10_pvalue": -3.1862148991171755, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2285, "design_columns": 90, "restricted_design_columns": 78, "fixed_effect_rank": 226, "covariance_rank": 12, "rss_unrestricted": 556.1266407918274, "rss_restricted": 565.8159913231964, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 5, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-4.0]" ], "data": [ [ -0.09045680687471733, -1.470527279698351e-17, 0.009950248756218898, -0.048846675712347305, -0.02487562189054726, 0.010854816824966076 ], [ 0.009045680687418808, -0.08910891089114635, -4.925865774013175e-06, 0.01577575668014318, -0.044542140781245125, -0.02831320445477678 ], [ 0.009045680687188461, 0.009900990098703303, -0.08825100537591703, 0.005853195796593175, 0.019695655547395056, -0.042722488520451074 ], [ 0.009045680687188461, 0.009900990098703303, 0.009788210310357466, -0.08238209832105392, 0.009891733978767593, 0.02100300167562739 ], [ 0.009045680686628699, 0.009900990098097424, 0.009788210309795535, 0.01565711736519475, -0.07752769981419692, 0.0111446894186547 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.3043147744515559 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.4715920890156415 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.39130297149345816 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.06395100796793658 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.05461684215644863 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.17572608349293203 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.12426262574070464 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.08444339782679144 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.22860235946897423 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.05982049055061922 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.029868559417863982 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.1024367127038587 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.1969661356472342 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.24181970051231566 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.0985652970997432 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.20596329337707014 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.7316016457999266 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.1794295503145459 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.5152817074263351 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.2690073213251953 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.3028956113772867 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -2.1611302631990186 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.743512986581518 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.6503615386220032 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.730160020289023 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -2.0314584648011977 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.6747395906306775 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -2.0106714948278506 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.7491443256839374 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.091702989732604 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.05653673630086964 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.11179021133384076 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.8128303920474669 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.04222134792598742 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.23313921312756597 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "44c4c4f8cb33d36098a093a1e83e9112703c0b401c6f0d02b67c914e725034b3", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "7c15e11678a92a15a1449529a9d5f84b6508338c54cf3d6ce25067b0b5f700e0" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P042", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FENONE-TRNNPC-SFULL", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P042.json", "input_bytes": 489536, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p042", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FENONE-TRNNPC-SFULL", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FENONE-TRNNPC-SFULL", "specification_id": "S22-P042", "data": "repl-archives/twfe-microdata-replication-private/outputs/expansion_nigerian_oil_2026_10_06/validation/native_inputs/REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FENONE-TRNNPC-SFULL.csv", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P042" }, "source": { "file": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FENONE-TRNNPC-SFULL.csv", "bytes": 489536, "sha256": "4fffdce8d8a697c1cac254a4bd8938cc2616941f77a676b4b666141e8e099f27" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3173, "source_sd": 19.570498923768714, "rows": 2906, "units": 272, "clusters": 272, "treated_units": 33, "never_treated_units": 239, "treated_cohorts": 5, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2906, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 32, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 1, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 0 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.1991390977895775, "se": 0.07237834054272763, "pvalue": 0.00633495218649912, "lower": -0.3416344127171216, "upper": -0.05664378286203345 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.08200170158303569, "se": 0.0662287736913692, "pvalue": 0.21672892191734344, "lower": -0.2123900179446897, "upper": 0.04838661477861833 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.24629626270442834, "se": 0.06492420677873262, "pvalue": 0.00018314858145471906, "lower": -0.37411620472002416, "upper": -0.11847632068883251 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.1032364219762335, "se": 0.06329674014521086, "pvalue": 0.1040537611598055, "lower": -0.2278522787815467, "upper": 0.021379434829079697 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.37036965243732717, "se": 0.1386193823829289, "pvalue": 0.008000355985443925, "lower": 0.09746186815265706, "upper": 0.6432774367219973 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.05947230394937614, "se": 0.10560513401002075, "pvalue": 0.5737933967246622, "lower": -0.14843847040500222, "upper": 0.2673830783037545 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.16564598742778985, "se": 0.08070509336104509, "pvalue": 0.04108292872237061, "lower": 0.006757325315537799, "upper": 0.3245346495400419 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.16382565424603976, "se": 0.08828364546777615, "pvalue": 0.06458566125757917, "lower": -0.009983330175977523, "upper": 0.33763463866805704 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.14859313556724296, "se": 0.07851562696512891, "pvalue": 0.05948612836719223, "lower": -0.005985000754145292, "upper": 0.30317127188863124 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.25810646563584444, "se": 0.06356553547670561, "pvalue": 6.414932860751404e-05, "lower": 0.13296141632452474, "upper": 0.38325151494716414 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.20833132364280163, "se": 0.09487941764998667, "pvalue": 0.028957653815864185, "lower": 0.021536871092517645, "upper": 0.39512577619308564 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.13699759187937988, "se": 0.14653420483950516, "pvalue": 0.35066242871700554, "lower": -0.15149254908946475, "upper": 0.4254877328482245 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.108124119332068, "se": 0.13428438082153613, "pvalue": 0.4214173039958645, "lower": -0.15624910325817642, "upper": 0.37249734192231243 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.0797814711110115, "se": 0.06854254403553542, "pvalue": 0.24545986089059063, "lower": -0.055162095224456725, "upper": 0.21472503744647972 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.15230550704745696, "se": 0.13016326490082106, "pvalue": 0.24298417993504146, "lower": -0.40856525664879617, "upper": 0.10395424255388222 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.4257607720973123, "se": 0.17894516249804956, "pvalue": 0.01803906836759776, "lower": -0.7780601905934741, "upper": -0.07346135360115047 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.4329099675750535, "se": 0.14135716891532, "pvalue": 0.00241557371762676, "lower": -0.7112077863812689, "upper": -0.15461214876883816 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.11717950259296915, "se": 0.10207137945908291, "pvalue": 0.2519746411425206, "lower": -0.318133175363687, "upper": 0.08377417017774873 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.1994400844080261, "se": 0.08269363925253599, "pvalue": 0.016539255273795093, "lower": 0.03663646001657406, "upper": 0.36224370879947815 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.02126120423963531, "se": 0.07322596885891713, "pvalue": 0.7717700859736478, "lower": -0.12290288428718218, "upper": 0.16542529276645282 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.19455746957105272, "se": 0.10517806819515843, "pvalue": 0.06543225847638566, "lower": -0.012512516263897377, "upper": 0.4016274554060028 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.0794625529965482, "se": 0.08013863080308674, "pvalue": 0.32229493452390107, "lower": -0.23723598837127527, "upper": 0.07831088237817888 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.021506752373008732, "se": 0.049895078560059924, "pvalue": 0.6667822667484206, "lower": -0.07672449857081612, "upper": 0.11973800331683357 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.014983012276590933, "se": 0.05561138423238795, "pvalue": 0.7878088488695447, "lower": -0.09450225155137335, "upper": 0.12446827610455521 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.004109912046589767, "se": 0.05074863276200167, "pvalue": 0.9355131250915005, "lower": -0.09580177912149826, "upper": 0.1040216032146778 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.08501761629246832, "se": 0.04063729528759758, "pvalue": 0.03735936710715805, "lower": 0.005012684618310934, "upper": 0.1650225479666257 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.04527798552324425, "se": 0.07481756219246875, "pvalue": 0.5455667794308244, "lower": -0.102019562428042, "upper": 0.1925755334745305 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.025887727487082957, "se": 0.11496911441049085, "pvalue": 0.8220158346360109, "lower": -0.252233897377404, "upper": 0.20045844240323804 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.048670765364500886, "se": 0.10386192323691461, "pvalue": 0.6397249390782508, "lower": -0.25314958250300185, "upper": 0.15580805177400006 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.14024876584286422, "se": 0.042856497017073995, "pvalue": 0.001204192889837453, "lower": -0.22462276493357575, "upper": -0.05587476675215268 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.06937230600979505, "se": 0.06611768736915993, "pvalue": 0.29500953645126404, "lower": -0.19954192047322014, "upper": 0.060797308453630045 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.31665230423276863, "se": 0.1322883178965443, "pvalue": 0.017361934594134418, "lower": -0.5770957653366469, "upper": -0.05620884312889035 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.6134454327341522, "se": 0.17611315965151142, "pvalue": 0.0005774060344570385, "lower": -0.9601693277454266, "upper": -0.26672153772287777 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.6148447995873593, "se": 0.1326099527801248, "pvalue": 5.516320690092921e-06, "lower": -0.8759214813990325, "upper": -0.35376811777568606 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.2920486531096792, "se": 0.09507868462774206, "pvalue": 0.0023453655485227492, "lower": -0.47923541378055556, "upper": -0.10486189243880281 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.020850854071128227, "se": 0.06981808843112725, "pvalue": 0.7654394561980767, "lower": -0.11660394834672326, "upper": 0.1583056564889797 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.09864201613714957, "se": 0.044240180449930416, "pvalue": 0.02658732157682698, "lower": -0.1857401507226298, "upper": -0.011543881551669327 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.401572102574175, "se": 0.13230265285222054, "pvalue": 0.0026370599191196625, "lower": 0.14110041943580076, "upper": 0.6620437857125493 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.07987930784565897, "se": 0.10144383035481619, "pvalue": 0.43172182681563515, "lower": -0.11983887366379967, "upper": 0.27959748935511763 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.18546238787989525, "se": 0.08311264085623324, "pvalue": 0.026468796848800304, "lower": 0.021833851435662188, "upper": 0.3490909243241283 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.17805721470530114, "se": 0.09079491894858896, "pvalue": 0.05089218371495757, "lower": -0.0006958552378032445, "upper": 0.35681028464840553 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.16197557858151027, "se": 0.08067447370610162, "pvalue": 0.045660492656623655, "lower": 0.0031471991082552553, "upper": 0.32080395805476525 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.25997043521247426, "se": 0.05714694219570901, "pvalue": 8.133710695709909e-06, "lower": 0.14746203194898005, "upper": 0.37247883847596847 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.20971518114488064, "se": 0.09625899507860548, "pvalue": 0.03021900924404217, "lower": 0.020204676821595324, "upper": 0.39922568546816595 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.14354684669785908, "se": 0.15210655025970912, "pvalue": 0.3461504662395817, "lower": -0.15591388449981616, "upper": 0.44300757789553435 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.10064321451760781, "se": 0.13480398699618068, "pvalue": 0.45595870270206956, "lower": -0.16475298600966964, "upper": 0.3660394150448853 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.08428175582631808, "se": 0.06183798484151396, "pvalue": 0.17403132243526945, "lower": -0.0374621672645187, "upper": 0.20602567891715487 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.17899106276989502, "se": 0.11447284651684039, "pvalue": 0.11907578738211416, "lower": -0.4043602021112439, "upper": 0.046378076571453875 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.4774802896670509, "se": 0.16145756292818392, "pvalue": 0.00337696624614181, "lower": -0.7953508860964271, "upper": -0.15960969323767477 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.49805744556873144, "se": 0.13138996823319815, "pvalue": 0.00018520195304618412, "lower": -0.756732275100876, "upper": -0.23938261603658684 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.1488859472097306, "se": 0.09107858728314396, "pvalue": 0.10327348467619651, "lower": -0.3281974909775219, "upper": 0.030425596558060652 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.1818112195344512, "se": 0.05841347843529749, "pvalue": 0.002053655780348814, "lower": 0.06680931505258124, "upper": 0.29681312401632115 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.060728751533311344, "se": 0.04427691412991663, "pvalue": 0.1713327926102705, "lower": -0.1478992057831944, "upper": 0.02644170271657171 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 ], "weights": [ 0.4177215189873418, 0.16455696202531644, 0.11392405063291139, 0.11392405063291139, 0.08860759493670886, 0.08860759493670886, 0.012658227848101266 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 1.3102788298802182e-10, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 1.5125176032668054e-16 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.5557425714507406, "df_num": 9, "df_den": 2534, "pvalue": 0.8339898457445425, "log10_pvalue": -0.07883923708883149, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2906, "design_columns": 90, "restricted_design_columns": 81, "fixed_effect_rank": 282, "covariance_rank": 9, "rss_unrestricted": 751.6397658848394, "rss_restricted": 753.1233743878691, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 5, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ -0.07074637424831975, -0.0070746374248319725, 0.008489564909798375, 0.004952246197382375, 0.008843296781039971, -0.012380615493455958 ], [ 0.007074637424810154, -0.06879060575561172, -0.007026562668611272, 0.00877118464664468, 0.004907176113381873, 0.010890571201832946 ], [ 0.007074637424810154, 0.008429471464465507, -0.06880262444467304, -0.0066728307973707626, 0.00876817997438574, 0.007029567340829071 ], [ 0.007074637424810154, 0.008429471464465507, 0.00841745277540417, -0.06844889257343252, -0.006675835469629722, 0.010890571201832946 ], [ 0.00707463742463042, 0.00842947146425622, 0.008417452775196168, 0.008771184646427685, -0.06769401208229966, -0.004528181403580964 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_8,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.3955310139543059 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.053463455658159555 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.0636957768265716 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.05766257826949126 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.02556343759599889 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.19678351428375762 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.5729981539855279 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.11946007505293192 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.536626611354559 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.45573517323708534 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.22894778290689177 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.08251703572201975 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.0838646817208805 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.008544079931187299 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.08524842520363424 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.06613624001310373 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.5714673613790026 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.6079887772040293 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.2697145164714194 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.12874629258790224 }, { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.19560741365938933 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.07719797858832339 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.07092327223748413 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.030964548331100756 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.07759540650710844 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.15210707962879388 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.0027048126380212756 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.5040140670874957 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.1960765306501466 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.22958257013730984 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.0788527856299087 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.26956584647368403 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.023207381431433027 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.2552868807085934 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "7c15e11678a92a15a1449529a9d5f84b6508338c54cf3d6ce25067b0b5f700e0" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P043", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FENONE-TRNNPC-SONSHORE", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P043.json", "input_bytes": 354362, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p043", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FENONE-TRNNPC-SONSHORE", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FENONE-TRNNPC-SONSHORE", "specification_id": "S22-P043", "data": "repl-archives/twfe-microdata-replication-private/outputs/expansion_nigerian_oil_2026_10_06/validation/native_inputs/REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FENONE-TRNNPC-SONSHORE.csv", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P043" }, "source": { "file": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FENONE-TRNNPC-SONSHORE.csv", "bytes": 354362, "sha256": "0ab2ebc42571475f1efd37e6292c1fd18a14f98a47454b287f55154589993120" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 2291, "source_sd": 21.965037243976433, "rows": 2096, "units": 193, "clusters": 193, "treated_units": 30, "never_treated_units": 163, "treated_cohorts": 3, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2096, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 24, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 0 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.10113344233100728, "se": 0.07177601502906009, "pvalue": 0.16044837504100637, "lower": -0.2427042025349398, "upper": 0.04043731787292522 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": 0.00040483951011768826, "se": 0.07301508127962467, "pvalue": 0.9955818276105114, "lower": -0.14360985061893594, "upper": 0.14441952963917132 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.1395133744313678, "se": 0.07098468355260718, "pvalue": 0.05080993386397624, "lower": -0.27952331520767704, "upper": 0.0004965663449414126 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.013069438910426293, "se": 0.06980557319227033, "pvalue": 0.8516809073540786, "lower": -0.15075370654913328, "upper": 0.12461482872828068 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.3809900064648439, "se": 0.1372890768616189, "pvalue": 0.006064177013200556, "lower": 0.11020151296703168, "upper": 0.6517784999626561 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.09446565954213185, "se": 0.1080776627260542, "pvalue": 0.3831810658204799, "lower": -0.11870634320832615, "upper": 0.3076376622925898 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.20898050234240398, "se": 0.08682957435612126, "pvalue": 0.017040803125949487, "lower": 0.037718154539965076, "upper": 0.3802428501448429 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.16721815040813634, "se": 0.09403549641866696, "pvalue": 0.07694619889950825, "lower": -0.018257132787161234, "upper": 0.3526934336034339 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.16498712190324666, "se": 0.08158289712025121, "pvalue": 0.044530248787064186, "lower": 0.004073301871903162, "upper": 0.3259009419345902 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.2272313185072473, "se": 0.06291117825244266, "pvalue": 0.0003879550817556463, "lower": 0.10314553125760031, "upper": 0.35131710575689423 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.19009207033381093, "se": 0.098889089918606, "pvalue": 0.056051325182567245, "lower": -0.004956423651038516, "upper": 0.3851405643186604 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.08911958810163548, "se": 0.16063686974783667, "pvalue": 0.5796846199647424, "lower": -0.22772001016491553, "upper": 0.4059591863681865 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.03654866086323244, "se": 0.14370594799595482, "pvalue": 0.7995131939296686, "lower": -0.24689644674516814, "upper": 0.319993768471633 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.13479074857705606, "se": 0.06726863534783391, "pvalue": 0.046500668468595574, "lower": 0.0021103282414011992, "upper": 0.26747116891271094 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.05563557839386088, "se": 0.12467661487311686, "pvalue": 0.6559274012273572, "lower": -0.3015472961187005, "upper": 0.19027613933097876 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.38929377292750234, "se": 0.21810565228172318, "pvalue": 0.07585857434827177, "lower": -0.8194845962240692, "upper": 0.04089705036906455 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.3481586357294788, "se": 0.21843803403411235, "pvalue": 0.11261328115779988, "lower": -0.7790050476282354, "upper": 0.0826877761692778 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.043718858342939745, "se": 0.08579945107360439, "pvalue": 0.6109539784346427, "lower": -0.21294939459731987, "upper": 0.12551167791144036 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.20426177621233077, "se": 0.06947605155794553, "pvalue": 0.0036848093655096467, "lower": 0.0672274558889786, "upper": 0.34129609653568294 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.2018141682579887, "se": 0.10366092987237953, "pvalue": 0.053009390188080936, "lower": -0.0026462861088031586, "upper": 0.40627462262478053 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.04785941477955551, "se": 0.0780999540849616, "pvalue": 0.5407357465703432, "lower": -0.20190349018864176, "upper": 0.10618466062953072 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.059825947372959744, "se": 0.04996667510686713, "pvalue": 0.23265917501982844, "lower": -0.038728147290530555, "upper": 0.15838004203645004 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.0226255451506829, "se": 0.05493254465276919, "pvalue": 0.6808877816039007, "lower": -0.08572321318147552, "upper": 0.1309743034828413 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.021170501700863913, "se": 0.04793121760244152, "pvalue": 0.659214180443883, "lower": -0.07336886372267533, "upper": 0.11570986712440316 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.06431803618504103, "se": 0.037907373639184935, "pvalue": 0.09137095509243835, "lower": -0.010450334575876075, "upper": 0.13908640694595814 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.037448055819384526, "se": 0.07262936594998023, "pvalue": 0.6067235868592541, "lower": -0.10580585074683178, "upper": 0.18070196238560082 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.05271596821765846, "se": 0.11961448555252062, "pvalue": 0.6599147200651273, "lower": -0.28864315983196837, "upper": 0.1832112233966514 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.09810618407675105, "se": 0.10587984362940392, "pvalue": 0.3553076909293898, "lower": -0.3069432161524297, "upper": 0.11073084799892759 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.13009652744102337, "se": 0.04753648239762301, "pvalue": 0.00678706183992155, "lower": -0.22385731853157986, "upper": -0.036335736350466885 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.007424673876782831, "se": 0.06124861126378748, "pvalue": 0.9036420375167291, "lower": -0.1282312198314292, "upper": 0.11338187207786354 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.17558861245760332, "se": 0.13088849639719713, "pvalue": 0.18133852826927369, "lower": -0.433752623505007, "upper": 0.08257539858980034 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.5311324873410121, "se": 0.21718686876061338, "pvalue": 0.015366221937549152, "lower": -0.9595111052442635, "upper": -0.10275386943776083 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.47861803908237355, "se": 0.22952164826550212, "pvalue": 0.03836556861617665, "lower": -0.9313257328022188, "upper": -0.025910345362528342 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.1838615977192513, "se": 0.08023053031715892, "pvalue": 0.023010025478520827, "lower": -0.3421080142132039, "upper": -0.02561518122529874 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.035240520354633535, "se": 0.05955847378241478, "pvalue": 0.5547501110248974, "lower": -0.08223240436191237, "upper": 0.15271344507117945 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.40041392274411264, "se": 0.12944809800007157, "pvalue": 0.0022751257523754963, "lower": 0.14509094844129605, "upper": 0.6557368970469293 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.10662688445463697, "se": 0.10771685593949464, "pvalue": 0.3234780510336501, "lower": -0.10583346425596812, "upper": 0.31908723316524207 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.21925375565330718, "se": 0.09106857176724453, "pvalue": 0.017005613086304716, "lower": 0.039630424230472916, "upper": 0.39887708707614145 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.1806091873433515, "se": 0.09800623505029583, "pvalue": 0.06689512613294694, "lower": -0.012697966796902105, "upper": 0.3739163414836051 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.1749402574901811, "se": 0.08517284928431774, "pvalue": 0.041336337431111786, "lower": 0.006945628406442028, "upper": 0.3429348865739202 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.21955132593500068, "se": 0.05894716132483115, "pvalue": 0.00025713615132531896, "lower": 0.10328415176489021, "upper": 0.33581850010511116 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.18347434647101427, "se": 0.09777842304371835, "pvalue": 0.06211350937581059, "lower": -0.00938347206678633, "upper": 0.37633216500881483 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.09360864145854851, "se": 0.16052118100996018, "pvalue": 0.5604736569706082, "lower": -0.22300277274733016, "upper": 0.4102200556644272 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.03824757156840017, "se": 0.14288089588272931, "pvalue": 0.7892264538590408, "lower": -0.24357020614672195, "upper": 0.32006534928352226 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.1391390943030148, "se": 0.06808451641383542, "pvalue": 0.042356663556780326, "lower": 0.0048494330154477405, "upper": 0.2734287555905819 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.05797926641076412, "se": 0.137896728313316, "pvalue": 0.6746238330827068, "lower": -0.3299662894998465, "upper": 0.21400775667831828 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.4238639386458615, "se": 0.2180675807689827, "pvalue": 0.053389965971186774, "lower": -0.85397966982428, "upper": 0.006251792532556921 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.3952866120976379, "se": 0.2093918897279742, "pvalue": 0.06056340090339762, "lower": -0.8082904407070333, "upper": 0.01771721651175745 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.08594227295043952, "se": 0.08741988153407865, "pvalue": 0.32679661186026526, "lower": -0.25836894055947995, "upper": 0.08648439465860092 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.16662211448559128, "se": 0.05574446079342169, "pvalue": 0.0031645830952237875, "lower": 0.05667193560636738, "upper": 0.27657229336481515 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ], "weights": [ 0.46875, 0.15625, 0.09375, 0.09375, 0.09375, 0.09375 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 3.4108833812940276e-10, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 4.050421130930074e-16 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.6793202108567961, "df_num": 1, "df_den": 1823, "pvalue": 0.40992872560893645, "log10_pvalue": -0.3872916475865562, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2096, "design_columns": 70, "restricted_design_columns": 69, "fixed_effect_rank": 203, "covariance_rank": 1, "rss_unrestricted": 561.3581109059184, "rss_restricted": 561.5672946197235, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 6, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ -0.09671179883945843, -0.009671179883945839, 0.01160541586073501, 0.011605415860735012, 0.011605415860735007, -0.017408123791102504 ], [ 0.009671179883945644, -0.09427097724970088, -0.009626150051682204, 0.011537871112338973, 0.011537871112328804, 0.014439225077508827 ], [ 0.009671179883945644, 0.01154912857040494, -0.09428223470776687, -0.009626150051682205, 0.011537871112328804, 0.014439225077508827 ], [ 0.009671179883945644, 0.01154912857040494, 0.011537871112338977, -0.09428223470776687, -0.009626150051692347, 0.014439225077508827 ], [ 0.00967117988394349, 0.011549128570402483, 0.011537871112336538, 0.011537871112336538, -0.09333246562049925, -0.006693137117085864 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.231003667439012 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.05540508018099846 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.06266271065114071 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.08564779732197264 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.3990597717956722 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.1745700813697085 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.15373668355607267 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.2978616837291378 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.20475715542176756 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.4414849972034195 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -0.2641660201228705 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.10079198931480601 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.18712290744694546 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -0.044016861239255425 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.22828456767344016 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "44c4c4f8cb33d36098a093a1e83e9112703c0b401c6f0d02b67c914e725034b3", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "7c15e11678a92a15a1449529a9d5f84b6508338c54cf3d6ce25067b0b5f700e0" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P044", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRDI-SFULL", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P044.json", "input_bytes": 489182, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": "archive_time_fe", "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p044", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRDI-SFULL", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRDI-SFULL", "specification_id": "S22-P044", "data": "analyses/full-archive/prepared/S22-P044.parquet", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P044" }, "source": { "file": "S22-P044.parquet", "bytes": 62210, "sha256": "c386898d9b5e55f2f314590522ba4ec593563d0b082ec0d945a7fdb4ee144359" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3173, "source_sd": 19.570498923768714, "rows": 3167, "units": 303, "clusters": 303, "treated_units": 52, "never_treated_units": 251, "treated_cohorts": 6, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 3167, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 1, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 0 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.10837223305188158, "se": 0.04140854184295684, "pvalue": 0.00931321183772513, "lower": -0.18985804153243951, "upper": -0.026886424571323633 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.11790359875546973, "se": 0.10594395337237368, "pvalue": 0.2666422049228507, "lower": -0.3263854314873502, "upper": 0.09057823397641075 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.08396092409104866, "se": 0.04168898629886757, "pvalue": 0.044897810409722815, "lower": -0.16599860525793406, "upper": -0.0019232429241632654 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.11974799382173384, "se": 0.0649066749183907, "pvalue": 0.0660273584466417, "lower": -0.24747460881746128, "upper": 0.007978621173993589 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.13952147433878453, "se": 0.2209593677105208, "pvalue": 0.5282337845954421, "lower": -0.29529346764901565, "upper": 0.5743364163265847 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.16333736639032936, "se": 0.20697083417670845, "pvalue": 0.43062558234809367, "lower": -0.5706249694830998, "upper": 0.24395023670244104 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.05522331836554557, "se": 0.1976914932782089, "pvalue": 0.7801744331088188, "lower": -0.3338039316303057, "upper": 0.4442505683613968 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.09382578096653915, "se": 0.16349257460103622, "pvalue": 0.5664734151805463, "lower": -0.22790311913476585, "upper": 0.41555468106784416 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.023975249653091873, "se": 0.14272785105785002, "pvalue": 0.8667124113329349, "lower": -0.3048422838087454, "upper": 0.2568917845025616 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.16678772088092927, "se": 0.1211125017410464, "pvalue": 0.16949177647961153, "lower": -0.40511898496891485, "upper": 0.07154354320705628 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.12228535462865231, "se": 0.11813069783850468, "pvalue": 0.3014177122522855, "lower": -0.3547488752290603, "upper": 0.11017816597175564 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.14565391339902486, "se": 0.10504753272471114, "pvalue": 0.16660096747889516, "lower": -0.06106389775753729, "upper": 0.352371724555587 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.1820432458514572, "se": 0.11437942246197712, "pvalue": 0.11252675030843477, "lower": -0.40712481834925285, "upper": 0.04303832664633844 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.050991092973019306, "se": 0.1260059841294734, "pvalue": 0.6860050963059154, "lower": -0.29895199749168255, "upper": 0.1969698115456439 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.1524653132557081, "se": 0.102852694082508, "pvalue": 0.1392857111663999, "lower": -0.3548640106911791, "upper": 0.04993338417976287 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.09619766714717155, "se": 0.10182225970009033, "pvalue": 0.34553630599787377, "lower": -0.29656862404891615, "upper": 0.10417328975457306 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.14803104721004093, "se": 0.10681987348502572, "pvalue": 0.16683026284065874, "lower": -0.3582365595347582, "upper": 0.062174465114676364 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.06019882277979183, "se": 0.11253385193043211, "pvalue": 0.5930852125192524, "lower": -0.2816485888874666, "upper": 0.16125094332788295 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.04037344104855407, "se": 0.09742738749110987, "pvalue": 0.6788788905938059, "lower": -0.2320959476746119, "upper": 0.15134906557750372 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.06444260688938828, "se": 0.0881276300644994, "pvalue": 0.46519845207584604, "lower": -0.23786458374904185, "upper": 0.10897936997026529 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.09202335620222488, "se": 0.08055165261536575, "pvalue": 0.2541867735220959, "lower": -0.06649023171163121, "upper": 0.25053694411608096 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.13746542313325605, "se": 0.07559085430504556, "pvalue": 0.06997119445873552, "lower": -0.2862169029642316, "upper": 0.011286056697719482 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.03687868153712971, "se": 0.05771914316831365, "pvalue": 0.5233506206813086, "lower": -0.07670394747000811, "upper": 0.15046131054426753 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.06874972889812683, "se": 0.04078721646789107, "pvalue": 0.09291144646108548, "lower": -0.011513404301839641, "upper": 0.1490128620980933 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.006436112610801607, "se": 0.03713081606100121, "pvalue": 0.8625033328738809, "lower": -0.07950399743872867, "upper": 0.06663177221712545 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.11225110174711071, "se": 0.022102778356469743, "pvalue": 6.66703759971406e-07, "lower": -0.15574605916131043, "upper": -0.068756144332911 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.08218176771242035, "se": 0.03667893095038526, "pvalue": 0.025780701122726166, "lower": -0.1543604103226785, "upper": -0.010003125102162197 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.1334483669448944, "se": 0.07192414735538004, "pvalue": 0.0645127533207545, "lower": -0.008087582781497293, "upper": 0.2749843166712861 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": 0.015479462672077792, "se": 0.07738205045076343, "pvalue": 0.8415843630410847, "lower": -0.1367968229015058, "upper": 0.16775574824566136 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.1756760729440665, "se": 0.053474875513034134, "pvalue": 0.00113902503153683, "lower": -0.2809066188807603, "upper": -0.07044552700737271 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.03241860481181854, "se": 0.053310166309929775, "pvalue": 0.5435695872222899, "lower": -0.13732502770573415, "upper": 0.07248781808209706 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.11717437830120456, "se": 0.07304616240794765, "pvalue": 0.10973414760198053, "lower": -0.2609182856038995, "upper": 0.026569529001490372 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.04652782723602735, "se": 0.06728410598296389, "pvalue": 0.4897745226022316, "lower": -0.1789328704927222, "upper": 0.08587721602066747 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.0870967203483188, "se": 0.05047198214656331, "pvalue": 0.08543419540870832, "lower": -0.18641802189104706, "upper": 0.012224581194409459 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.02365045048785532, "se": 0.06511799819190824, "pvalue": 0.7167142349525469, "lower": -0.10449201705971133, "upper": 0.15179291803542197 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.021083430952837573, "se": 0.08187159330738149, "pvalue": 0.7969540932436667, "lower": -0.14002760255191135, "upper": 0.1821944644575865 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.11328491264575899, "se": 0.03895964296402944, "pvalue": 0.0039101927114065385, "lower": 0.036618170380894724, "upper": 0.18995165491062327 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.27547026313888967, "se": 0.3292296198173356, "pvalue": 0.4034162433777154, "lower": -0.3724043190742823, "upper": 0.9233448453520616 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.19576512192409912, "se": 0.3110286824225664, "pvalue": 0.5295553406889854, "lower": -0.8078229853466998, "upper": 0.4162927414985016 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.05617049780617564, "se": 0.2951780233306575, "pvalue": 0.849206893321186, "lower": -0.5246956425185109, "upper": 0.6370366381308622 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.10179648370797134, "se": 0.19235506580004214, "pvalue": 0.5970476125130187, "lower": -0.2767294762616472, "upper": 0.48032244367758986 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.03736786113597284, "se": 0.1512872347651777, "pvalue": 0.8050764861885593, "lower": -0.3350784804662041, "upper": 0.2603427581942584 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.17284529727446063, "se": 0.1233042831324719, "pvalue": 0.1620083139760698, "lower": -0.4154896588718995, "upper": 0.0697990643229782 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.14059246292412864, "se": 0.12218303099005892, "pvalue": 0.25077790828838026, "lower": -0.3810303682381855, "upper": 0.09984544238992818 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.18828201787057908, "se": 0.07635605215942814, "pvalue": 0.014224725003759084, "lower": 0.038024743267876776, "upper": 0.3385392924732814 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.18634198734897017, "se": 0.1129010577496874, "pvalue": 0.09988245083496228, "lower": -0.40851435951155657, "upper": 0.03583038481361622 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.045143240379558136, "se": 0.12469817763030723, "pvalue": 0.7175902294301492, "lower": -0.2905305775814865, "upper": 0.2002440968223702 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.22712740578099777, "se": 0.06437756692458732, "pvalue": 0.00048372816296715605, "lower": -0.35381281549081806, "upper": -0.10044199607117749 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.09289354494218681, "se": 0.05849781524013727, "pvalue": 0.11333652138207034, "lower": -0.20800848396290633, "upper": 0.022221394078532714 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.12847673910707896, "se": 0.056258390154454725, "pvalue": 0.023083897111304416, "lower": -0.23918482496376892, "upper": -0.01776865325038901 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.03162519075984592, "se": 0.05575855801983905, "pvalue": 0.571012603495062, "lower": -0.14134968183678756, "upper": 0.07809930031709572 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.09903154073536968, "se": 0.06749358912739646, "pvalue": 0.14334233766272383, "lower": -0.03378573397472612, "upper": 0.23184881544546548 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.1579714760118984, "se": 0.04816028825164865, "pvalue": 0.0011590423985363384, "lower": 0.06319924182587858, "upper": 0.2527437101979182 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 ], "weights": [ 0.24528301886792453, 0.24528301886792453, 0.14622641509433962, 0.13679245283018868, 0.13679245283018868, 0.0660377358490566, 0.018867924528301886, 0.0047169811320754715 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 1.4505091405769832e-08, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 6.850777576832982e-16 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.7141984988430515, "df_num": 18, "df_den": 2684, "pvalue": 0.7996425394527843, "log10_pvalue": -0.09710411030405738, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 3167, "design_columns": 100, "restricted_design_columns": 82, "fixed_effect_rank": 383, "covariance_rank": 18, "rss_unrestricted": 663.7893958552479, "rss_restricted": 666.9687524205309, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 4, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-4.0]" ], "data": [ [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_5,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.6.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.275020295667171 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.32184212779974786 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.10098392735064068 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.018506017253044092 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.091409869865445 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.39584901076506473 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.42566821213153166 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.16598242767189159 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.4932245538692157 }, { "event_time": 6.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.19542576406877615 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.1353333204579777 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.2755182622096254 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.15748428929286423 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.156083667765167 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.06033413054019393 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.1841805854096979 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.43929562213365336 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.473734324207021 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.3245659509009609 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.4656322951366323 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.06742180890717239 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.15222517583756534 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.0028020445271471073 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.1841781704567142 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.130050876430652 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.10232151140607547 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.191118872444853 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.423065790271253 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.20393930416288417 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.18102154019664868 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.0168194179125942 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.830562113607079 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.558048000837983 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.420276699184232 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.5016263185230125 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.8269587639321325 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -2.0814336962591593 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.8258654449574163 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.6562997571003972 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.7047873778560538 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.14781600449278753 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.592043012220115 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.25770346803449656 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.05855123857531819 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "7c15e11678a92a15a1449529a9d5f84b6508338c54cf3d6ce25067b0b5f700e0" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P045", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRDI-SONSHORE", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P045.json", "input_bytes": 354440, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": "archive_time_fe", "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p045", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRDI-SONSHORE", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRDI-SONSHORE", "specification_id": "S22-P045", "data": "analyses/full-archive/prepared/S22-P045.parquet", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P045" }, "source": { "file": "S22-P045.parquet", "bytes": 46533, "sha256": "b800c04c0b700a37acea5160b2fd8043fea3a214afb6917b618066c6bb5ffc70" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 2291, "source_sd": 21.965037243976433, "rows": 2285, "units": 216, "clusters": 216, "treated_units": 49, "never_treated_units": 167, "treated_cohorts": 5, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2285, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 1, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 0 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.10566714520974, "se": 0.043653148547609565, "pvalue": 0.01632502744740525, "lower": -0.19171008186436095, "upper": -0.019624208555119052 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.04284171522124248, "se": 0.11131527501459529, "pvalue": 0.7007154740512289, "lower": -0.26225070347157603, "upper": 0.17656727302909106 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.08699037584000072, "se": 0.04540113155212681, "pvalue": 0.05668638316590874, "lower": -0.17647869034100994, "upper": 0.002497938661008517 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.07583447636706275, "se": 0.06867886454218736, "pvalue": 0.27074521724589407, "lower": -0.21120457882072213, "upper": 0.05953562608659663 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.32713569910862234, "se": 0.24262782455800105, "pvalue": 0.17897980017885365, "lower": -0.15109808776986744, "upper": 0.8053694859871121 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.0016410137252929522, "se": 0.23009392752355767, "pvalue": 0.9943162047183524, "lower": -0.4551697485181593, "upper": 0.45188772106757336 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.22238436013402527, "se": 0.21729436955972561, "pvalue": 0.3072573566027603, "lower": -0.20591568917495148, "upper": 0.650684409443002 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.218693091775125, "se": 0.18182742597156804, "pvalue": 0.2303955982606556, "lower": -0.13969951484021434, "upper": 0.5770856983904643 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.08429029487169117, "se": 0.15283356662046485, "pvalue": 0.5818521224484913, "lower": -0.2169537007837964, "upper": 0.3855342905271787 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.08538268435564211, "se": 0.1307743006436258, "pvalue": 0.5145175717885976, "lower": -0.34314656257990866, "upper": 0.17238119386862444 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.02957534005060939, "se": 0.1302369694094702, "pvalue": 0.8205705756252931, "lower": -0.2862801066441862, "upper": 0.2271294265429674 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.16858130037916472, "se": 0.11027997770865218, "pvalue": 0.12781703733622796, "lower": -0.04878705567216926, "upper": 0.3859496564304987 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.11501486085207337, "se": 0.1187865778277388, "pvalue": 0.33400847843918124, "lower": -0.3491502286664762, "upper": 0.11912050696232947 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.03079292177929553, "se": 0.13389967754476992, "pvalue": 0.8183336548781506, "lower": -0.23313125909607693, "upper": 0.294717102654668 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.11569911880520417, "se": 0.10120326694166473, "pvalue": 0.25421240037996334, "lower": -0.3151767413002989, "upper": 0.08377850368989054 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.013387866031304966, "se": 0.109516057961029, "pvalue": 0.902818629391955, "lower": -0.20247475903289835, "upper": 0.22925049109550827 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.033405258063664206, "se": 0.12584880805742765, "pvalue": 0.7909251656509544, "lower": -0.28146069919490324, "upper": 0.21465018306757483 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.02577959060412093, "se": 0.11332871363687395, "pvalue": 0.8202696026643505, "lower": -0.24915718541775303, "upper": 0.19759800420951115 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.027354725313487125, "se": 0.10039827115877277, "pvalue": 0.7855282096447458, "lower": -0.2252456535274335, "upper": 0.17053620290045926 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.1468925778121733, "se": 0.08039349285067546, "pvalue": 0.06906055310673233, "lower": -0.01156774963133661, "upper": 0.3053529052556832 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.08929227952704244, "se": 0.07818134836832993, "pvalue": 0.25467556408194314, "lower": -0.2433923394091476, "upper": 0.06480778035506271 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.08599089661418682, "se": 0.05815319363035363, "pvalue": 0.14068514296342863, "lower": -0.028632486172125923, "upper": 0.20061427940049958 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.08467207466295394, "se": 0.04114783211420516, "pvalue": 0.04082015016938148, "lower": 0.0035672648182260847, "upper": 0.1657768845076818 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.01065921266670638, "se": 0.034304843497036046, "pvalue": 0.7563142556404933, "lower": -0.0569576620414936, "upper": 0.07827608737490636 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.10649775268199649, "se": 0.02245149369669977, "pvalue": 3.826331183029105e-06, "lower": -0.1507509741384026, "upper": -0.06224453122559036 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.06442681319918249, "se": 0.03470264950117872, "pvalue": 0.06474483745738772, "lower": -0.13282778706068743, "upper": 0.003974160662322437 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.08176624864798288, "se": 0.06841456455600471, "pvalue": 0.23334175659684286, "lower": -0.053082902906931406, "upper": 0.21661540020289716 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.046338627393986434, "se": 0.08111470199552999, "pvalue": 0.5684113796797065, "lower": -0.20622050070142806, "upper": 0.1135432459134552 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.1827435380162622, "se": 0.06043654769113563, "pvalue": 0.0028004411650038416, "lower": -0.3018675466531402, "upper": -0.06361952937938418 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.04118761941764057, "se": 0.06350060449153909, "pvalue": 0.5172776522772013, "lower": -0.16635106516168946, "upper": 0.08397582632640832 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.17337964418806032, "se": 0.0936869163900726, "pvalue": 0.06559490883961189, "lower": -0.3580420953632851, "upper": 0.01128280698716444 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.008020201066454808, "se": 0.06837648301552889, "pvalue": 0.9067360006866804, "lower": -0.14279429165362933, "upper": 0.1267538895207197 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.03386044353078298, "se": 0.06217924455618427, "pvalue": 0.5866192684724958, "lower": -0.15641941072062882, "upper": 0.08869852365906286 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.005203421390675895, "se": 0.05897489993749256, "pvalue": 0.9297751115807245, "lower": -0.11103959310803779, "upper": 0.12144643588938958 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.02444490623950665, "se": 0.08188215947385626, "pvalue": 0.765581188596464, "lower": -0.18583948361045294, "upper": 0.13694967113143963 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.5962301153248107, "se": 0.3621152507142772, "pvalue": 0.10111758043454848, "lower": -0.11752045285927748, "upper": 1.309980683508899 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.07483190169196303, "se": 0.34848307106156984, "pvalue": 0.8301766013934835, "lower": -0.6120488344330917, "upper": 0.7617126378170178 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.35008843367707065, "se": 0.32815850241712496, "pvalue": 0.2872463218614321, "lower": -0.29673137601791955, "upper": 0.9969082433720609 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.2745656586349186, "se": 0.21328642444250742, "pvalue": 0.1993704789262974, "lower": -0.14583449388975422, "upper": 0.6949658111595914 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.09147163423924651, "se": 0.16094822902005818, "pvalue": 0.5704043191931238, "lower": -0.22576684076199435, "upper": 0.40871010924048734 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.07418333408955466, "se": 0.13488853583387536, "pvalue": 0.5829174918808894, "lower": -0.34005661311616586, "upper": 0.19168994493705652 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.030771680416421136, "se": 0.13832766342112884, "pvalue": 0.8241708794762197, "lower": -0.3034236832460698, "upper": 0.2418803224132275 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.23791889898209767, "se": 0.0801435903899599, "pvalue": 0.0033302160092957608, "lower": 0.07995114406342482, "upper": 0.3958866539007705 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.10680515419998737, "se": 0.12121756944117715, "pvalue": 0.3792460247343494, "lower": -0.34573215020988823, "upper": 0.1321218418099135 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.06392173278679589, "se": 0.13253881799239353, "pvalue": 0.6300927949731473, "lower": -0.19732011345392234, "upper": 0.32516357902751414 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.271036714170245, "se": 0.0784545150549717, "pvalue": 0.0006635764270528118, "lower": -0.4256752017419184, "upper": -0.1163982265985716 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.07539912959784174, "se": 0.05980344577501971, "pvalue": 0.20875373635984218, "lower": -0.19327525692771919, "upper": 0.0424769977320357 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.08192137192446997, "se": 0.06607896328668562, "pvalue": 0.21641945298725215, "lower": -0.21216691529182594, "upper": 0.048324171442886005 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.06979916721072293, "se": 0.05240060931980227, "pvalue": 0.18426070675625678, "lower": -0.1730838662158805, "upper": 0.033485531794434656 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.05900107690464644, "se": 0.07912178529744969, "pvalue": 0.4566634363389837, "lower": -0.09695263976539155, "upper": 0.21495479357468444 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 ], "weights": [ 0.24873096446700507, 0.24873096446700507, 0.14720812182741116, 0.13705583756345177, 0.13705583756345177, 0.06598984771573604, 0.015228426395939087 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 1.334544380560132e-08, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 2.761595801945482e-15 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 1.073785678292761, "df_num": 12, "df_den": 1899, "pvalue": 0.37814114698857904, "log10_pvalue": -0.42234606281782716, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2285, "design_columns": 90, "restricted_design_columns": 78, "fixed_effect_rank": 296, "covariance_rank": 12, "rss_unrestricted": 494.00497049507055, "rss_restricted": 497.3569797356585, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 5, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-4.0]" ], "data": [ [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.41636506279451724 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.5649945851198694 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.5259491999529572 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.05585999317563565 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.0007913350372581729 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.3092570416276357 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.08339316734926738 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.17800011973053054 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.38201130918849135 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.07578077362765573 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.3650825118662659 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.3380933306848918 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.2680702258066946 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.5181764996796172 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.02754308869367461 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.12316840000893636 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.34233382672738044 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.16511060587416887 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.13913337842587864 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.18747016561375282 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.9908937698019695 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.8848113596661946 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.5476578472362013 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.3964343639331376 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.5528655199283568 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -2.0010688048006298 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.7321574584390034 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.865288073531489 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.5976685899439005 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.0777307075737688 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.05842081659755838 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.2606251231484529 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.8628381824086434 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.07932935345114023 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.0979825441712745 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "7c15e11678a92a15a1449529a9d5f84b6508338c54cf3d6ce25067b0b5f700e0" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P046", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRDINNPC-SONSHORE", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P046.json", "input_bytes": 355784, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": "archive_time_fe", "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p046", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRDINNPC-SONSHORE", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRDINNPC-SONSHORE", "specification_id": "S22-P046", "data": "analyses/full-archive/prepared/S22-P046.parquet", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P046" }, "source": { "file": "S22-P046.parquet", "bytes": 46691, "sha256": "8305483aa1b1c9382eca99423b43976c5376e7b40b4e1ecd3b8e5085f90d5087" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 2291, "source_sd": 21.965037243976433, "rows": 2085, "units": 192, "clusters": 192, "treated_units": 51, "never_treated_units": 141, "treated_cohorts": 6, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2085, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 24, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 11 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.14629841804187504, "se": 0.04993271739678495, "pvalue": 0.00380378155682469, "lower": -0.2447888051528213, "upper": -0.047808030930928766 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.05696615451200557, "se": 0.10954354431858083, "pvalue": 0.603643438885385, "lower": -0.2730366319047862, "upper": 0.15910432288077506 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.12901413298804837, "se": 0.05194086371531284, "pvalue": 0.013857490684145391, "lower": -0.23146551238218188, "upper": -0.02656275359391487 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.08617568094208841, "se": 0.06862526543685593, "pvalue": 0.2107432191035044, "lower": -0.22153640855397227, "upper": 0.04918504666979545 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -1.1652570949317447, "se": 0.48467162671865466, "pvalue": 0.017162470587670134, "lower": -2.1212534561529335, "upper": -0.2092607337105561 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.16786282148989554, "se": 0.25232848014340525, "pvalue": 0.506689822562423, "lower": -0.3298455145287018, "upper": 0.6655711575084928 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.05618225947087591, "se": 0.22752655213166545, "pvalue": 0.8052305678584029, "lower": -0.5049697352133738, "upper": 0.39260521627162204 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.13317704017439008, "se": 0.2191737154072962, "pvalue": 0.5441530991757646, "lower": -0.2991347826225578, "upper": 0.5654888629713379 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.17192120211350623, "se": 0.18333028380146918, "pvalue": 0.34954813989208605, "lower": -0.1896908142581272, "upper": 0.5335332184851397 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.08949904296998691, "se": 0.14931716840825768, "pvalue": 0.5496239486019241, "lower": -0.20502339613497078, "upper": 0.3840214820749446 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.021290326441409612, "se": 0.1396073896396543, "pvalue": 0.8789524404834536, "lower": -0.25407994311342924, "upper": 0.29666059599624844 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.04689246368763147, "se": 0.1343422742200143, "pvalue": 0.7274346352913387, "lower": -0.2180925658302302, "upper": 0.31187749320549313 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.2257284300480839, "se": 0.11088548286372815, "pvalue": 0.04316271909642507, "lower": 0.0070110298823966855, "upper": 0.44444583021377115 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.14376342245293172, "se": 0.12098691942866423, "pvalue": 0.23620800701278105, "lower": -0.382405522285, "upper": 0.09487867737913658 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.01531101487758326, "se": 0.1390103596883691, "pvalue": 0.9124116271386603, "lower": -0.258881635791593, "upper": 0.2895036655467595 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.10867432018717677, "se": 0.10843077600180127, "pvalue": 0.3174927962860257, "lower": -0.3225499043716925, "upper": 0.10520126399733895 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.05233870375075896, "se": 0.10661514979443634, "pvalue": 0.6240519336302315, "lower": -0.2626330342536221, "upper": 0.1579556267521042 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.01543097188264024, "se": 0.114142851877459, "pvalue": 0.8926040186195225, "lower": -0.24057340861455706, "upper": 0.2097114648492766 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.027640216611793157, "se": 0.1144799925300123, "pvalue": 0.8094719869113628, "lower": -0.19816721724249037, "upper": 0.2534476504660767 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.10877581459892324, "se": 0.1014036348335506, "pvalue": 0.2847585864430346, "lower": -0.30879062993233614, "upper": 0.09123900073448965 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.9379256286249381, "se": 0.37992881443764237, "pvalue": 0.014439775900318518, "lower": -1.6873207739205078, "upper": -0.1885304833293685 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.0753585174009613, "se": 0.08074919104726677, "pvalue": 0.35187340402458206, "lower": -0.08391619264422318, "upper": 0.2346332274461458 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.10144954915510812, "se": 0.07285991744097747, "pvalue": 0.1654227044654249, "lower": -0.24516296688501327, "upper": 0.042263868574797026 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.039397095457058856, "se": 0.060769532423971935, "pvalue": 0.5175673503503726, "lower": -0.08046849738515188, "upper": 0.1592626882992696 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.061210988736735035, "se": 0.04343477391998101, "pvalue": 0.16038366321111663, "lower": -0.024462451854559676, "upper": 0.14688442932802975 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.012882684569478532, "se": 0.030967313765392853, "pvalue": 0.6778703863218746, "lower": -0.0481991647579538, "upper": 0.07396453389691086 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.035443910826086104, "se": 0.03638282275908963, "pvalue": 0.3311926268644869, "lower": -0.1072076457988278, "upper": 0.0363198241466556 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.02430178701550705, "se": 0.03977079249498006, "pvalue": 0.5418955773888005, "lower": -0.10274816351477428, "upper": 0.05414458948376019 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.10349004004870863, "se": 0.06898848907677219, "pvalue": 0.1352381325619579, "lower": -0.032587132386694945, "upper": 0.2395672124841122 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.06703593474228474, "se": 0.07972810236685479, "pvalue": 0.40150751074324503, "lower": -0.22429658617717502, "upper": 0.09022471669260555 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.2158262104586867, "se": 0.0631786224649752, "pvalue": 0.0007759755790956798, "lower": -0.3404436418367031, "upper": -0.09120877908067028 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.06698118776848075, "se": 0.06788976149040096, "pvalue": 0.3250786435171317, "lower": -0.20089116180265842, "upper": 0.06692878626569693 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.22578104966559728, "se": 0.11608963387951203, "pvalue": 0.05325702926058672, "lower": -0.45476343989892665, "upper": 0.0032013405677320528 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.11711435315764576, "se": 0.08875364972289895, "pvalue": 0.1885667957142674, "lower": -0.2921775536891771, "upper": 0.05794884737388559 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.04988895281019348, "se": 0.05818196798318944, "pvalue": 0.39226304149266095, "lower": -0.1646506731468875, "upper": 0.06487276752650054 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.007071799109440162, "se": 0.06119770774954979, "pvalue": 0.9081253582967618, "lower": -0.12778195150630942, "upper": 0.11363835328742908 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.10558046528815146, "se": 0.08196027033679187, "pvalue": 0.19923793573152834, "lower": -0.2672439831985185, "upper": 0.05608305262221558 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -1.2340083652147147, "se": 0.5003562481122461, "pvalue": 0.014534924959477558, "lower": -2.220942045958652, "upper": -0.2470746844707774 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.4878808967937742, "se": 0.33511305397176844, "pvalue": 0.147070418011686, "lower": -0.1731168644403469, "upper": 1.1488786580278953 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.0670636723271, "se": 0.3251770723602345, "pvalue": 0.8368251498945293, "lower": -0.5743357428472445, "upper": 0.7084630875014445 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.3033014029871701, "se": 0.3067162134216343, "pvalue": 0.3239794913967442, "lower": -0.3016846696323312, "upper": 0.9082874756066714 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.2546232228077776, "se": 0.22119020594517544, "pvalue": 0.251109336390548, "lower": -0.18166605092786237, "upper": 0.6909124965434176 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.11301411278492915, "se": 0.1561564999267565, "pvalue": 0.47012100834333836, "lower": -0.19499864777568435, "upper": 0.4210268733455427 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.03128608619733029, "se": 0.13746961253779447, "pvalue": 0.8202119501050182, "lower": -0.23986749928149534, "upper": 0.30243967167615593 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.05691390788888917, "se": 0.1354806654453261, "pvalue": 0.6748927887033187, "lower": -0.2103165550503846, "upper": 0.32414437082816294 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.29578139766067374, "se": 0.08035998747112989, "pvalue": 0.0003025279642217836, "lower": 0.1372743768757007, "upper": 0.45428841844564677 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.11458562453071058, "se": 0.12338190561519659, "pvalue": 0.3542131888468358, "lower": -0.3579517435817315, "upper": 0.12878049452031032 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.076891584718878, "se": 0.13972022663428324, "pvalue": 0.5827392549841236, "lower": -0.19870125151890602, "upper": 0.352484420956662 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.2739243539824752, "se": 0.09949535341950062, "pvalue": 0.006472337278661738, "lower": -0.4701751567608953, "upper": -0.07767355120405514 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.16552920760309361, "se": 0.07411740093822096, "pvalue": 0.02668711763028408, "lower": -0.31172296373407105, "upper": -0.019335451472116155 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.0920344654371653, "se": 0.062093589369990605, "pvalue": 0.13993787344144687, "lower": -0.21451171027768512, "upper": 0.03044277940335452 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.03417467124107984, "se": 0.05937034289756728, "pvalue": 0.5655505826180721, "lower": -0.15128041592597702, "upper": 0.08293107344381732 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.11690422406512721, "se": 0.08879423206758802, "pvalue": 0.18955889813075158, "lower": -0.05823902359875896, "upper": 0.29204747172901335 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 ], "weights": [ 0.26153846153846155, 0.2512820512820513, 0.14358974358974358, 0.13333333333333333, 0.13333333333333333, 0.07179487179487179, 0.005128205128205128 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 2.713718836755419e-06, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 2.424396336644474e-16 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 1.1327939328948533, "df_num": 12, "df_den": 1723, "pvalue": 0.3283672765607059, "log10_pvalue": -0.4836401290106349, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2085, "design_columns": 100, "restricted_design_columns": 88, "fixed_effect_rank": 262, "covariance_rank": 12, "rss_unrestricted": 468.92843386723723, "rss_restricted": 472.62802261834594, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 5, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.010620254369316351 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.33110886709009113 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.7029275402315238 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.15168280720466418 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.16686623005944132 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.631088339662517 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.0626027503154931 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.45636117075679294 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.7815656453375208 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.019644246528326526 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.727957671436542 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.16016146234398965 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.2397625607873179 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.7671501840528769 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.15553485420272564 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.3009975146877848 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.6274380313483958 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.2954608266007136 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.14052884561078532 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.6724752624250306 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.07126762183182733 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.3719865427539861 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.35516491262253685 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.0541671746688195 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.4557855744214814 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -2.164691125598909 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.7611237602019953 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -2.0556610700847044 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.8076891807133053 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.0658477320451958 }, { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 1.6969767864912693 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.8928157345852265 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 1.496377988256946 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 1.1601776590631867 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.3287378196364449 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.04256587961533598 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.38279967368908296 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.7827187835751535 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.14474301088996183 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.1460589499093679 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 1.1826962120946638 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.6532848498487313 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.9287432884184845 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -0.9468111500787937 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "7c15e11678a92a15a1449529a9d5f84b6508338c54cf3d6ce25067b0b5f700e0" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P047", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRNNPC-SFULL", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P047.json", "input_bytes": 489536, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": "archive_time_fe", "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p047", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRNNPC-SFULL", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRNNPC-SFULL", "specification_id": "S22-P047", "data": "analyses/full-archive/prepared/S22-P047.parquet", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P047" }, "source": { "file": "S22-P047.parquet", "bytes": 62385, "sha256": "5cd99b2093849915911350b2cccf0dcd0b870ca4f5f9f6a224f1db749cf64e2d" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3173, "source_sd": 19.570498923768714, "rows": 2895, "units": 271, "clusters": 271, "treated_units": 32, "never_treated_units": 239, "treated_cohorts": 5, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2895, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 32, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 1, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 11 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.14827651156083027, "se": 0.06730218782328327, "pvalue": 0.028429204828880058, "lower": -0.2807803200927381, "upper": -0.015772703028922447 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": 0.004153959878707224, "se": 0.07241758649575944, "pvalue": 0.9542998948078554, "lower": -0.13842098940187722, "upper": 0.14672890915929168 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.15482007412357365, "se": 0.06879657164957514, "pvalue": 0.02522840014626947, "lower": -0.29026600912709155, "upper": -0.019374139120055728 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.04561761497369614, "se": 0.0640174863132749, "pvalue": 0.4767206967206231, "lower": -0.17165453923269702, "upper": 0.08041930928530476 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.07208176749906266, "se": 0.14768470312495238, "pvalue": 0.6258901730375328, "lower": -0.21867825470619606, "upper": 0.36284178970432135 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.0641561003486379, "se": 0.11424397652296472, "pvalue": 0.5748741898141878, "lower": -0.28907838713774225, "upper": 0.16076618644046647 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.08595759339679432, "se": 0.08657309715770671, "pvalue": 0.32165236269381997, "lower": -0.08448656987348979, "upper": 0.25640175666707843 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.04742264245873168, "se": 0.09617605249865158, "pvalue": 0.6223557091672371, "lower": -0.1419277138639694, "upper": 0.23677299878143276 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.06567517072966166, "se": 0.08358136401253534, "pvalue": 0.43269516526999313, "lower": -0.09887890116815139, "upper": 0.23022924262747468 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.1411512481494459, "se": 0.05911650208587943, "pvalue": 0.01764315879979039, "lower": 0.0247633278335241, "upper": 0.25753916846536773 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.18574936322271768, "se": 0.09181870377616122, "pvalue": 0.04405839320593454, "lower": 0.004977707229159162, "upper": 0.3665210192162762 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.3181564439299482, "se": 0.14346378084963268, "pvalue": 0.027409405943069155, "lower": 0.03570652716235462, "upper": 0.6006063606975418 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.20576535305839433, "se": 0.1301252282025379, "pvalue": 0.11498309085229956, "lower": -0.05042376769044071, "upper": 0.46195447380722937 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.012017308341980028, "se": 0.07198020555055316, "pvalue": 0.8675320280784816, "lower": -0.1296965301353228, "upper": 0.15373114681928288 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.052175625387377356, "se": 0.14207970092563185, "pvalue": 0.7137367181561646, "lower": -0.3319005807952569, "upper": 0.2275493300205022 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.005289380462801177, "se": 0.13464720683469095, "pvalue": 0.9686935880733737, "lower": -0.27038132309958823, "upper": 0.25980256217398584 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.15241691265851676, "se": 0.14161153910800894, "pvalue": 0.28275257274755894, "lower": -0.43122015621941834, "upper": 0.12638633090238482 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.07077896342074867, "se": 0.09615171801374009, "pvalue": 0.4622982265917107, "lower": -0.11852348343520668, "upper": 0.260081410276704 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.19564531064423488, "se": 0.08851917901227037, "pvalue": 0.02792994865498321, "lower": 0.021369722783094958, "upper": 0.3699208985053748 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.20789740943143695, "se": 0.07718536633707909, "pvalue": 0.007513666040536089, "lower": 0.05593570754073965, "upper": 0.3598591113221342 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.02091786724824776, "se": 0.08845210870080185, "pvalue": 0.8132332842812751, "lower": -0.19506140781647746, "upper": 0.15322567331998194 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.1362684611983932, "se": 0.06976962822549776, "pvalue": 0.05183824834516818, "lower": -0.2736301393062112, "upper": 0.0010932169094248212 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.01782246295797411, "se": 0.0467575081145557, "pvalue": 0.7033783967649013, "lower": -0.1098781316222379, "upper": 0.07423320570628968 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.05258189179324385, "se": 0.05130998566154816, "pvalue": 0.3063801697994751, "lower": -0.15360042827417336, "upper": 0.04843664468768567 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.029077103850013927, "se": 0.04611646457995268, "pvalue": 0.5288912541816703, "lower": -0.11987069304083346, "upper": 0.06171648534080561 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.022424841234998435, "se": 0.03165373370543575, "pvalue": 0.47928186080339147, "lower": -0.03989468218432869, "upper": 0.08474436465432557 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.05732427505223529, "se": 0.06419865927958422, "pvalue": 0.37269509518978755, "lower": -0.06906934055388854, "upper": 0.18371789065835914 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.16178980407801064, "se": 0.1035541617279722, "pvalue": 0.11937240393324348, "lower": -0.042086492697270966, "upper": 0.3656661008532922 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.06260982148509188, "se": 0.09134260671311185, "pvalue": 0.49365475913819407, "lower": -0.1172244998374075, "upper": 0.24244414280759125 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.10344395347064592, "se": 0.04073565354396337, "pvalue": 0.011665823994384518, "lower": -0.18364386096524504, "upper": -0.02324404597604679 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.10663829619919783, "se": 0.06532945862825933, "pvalue": 0.10377869202533513, "lower": -0.23525821714889056, "upper": 0.02198162475049488 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.21448496482997254, "se": 0.13537571849613217, "pvalue": 0.11428051999986, "lower": -0.48101119322808333, "upper": 0.05204126356813826 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.23549368781200078, "se": 0.12473047673199154, "pvalue": 0.06009536036881131, "lower": -0.48106168109009984, "upper": 0.010074305466098304 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.37733934838391553, "se": 0.1422965389571273, "pvalue": 0.008480347563674343, "lower": -0.6574912121277194, "upper": -0.09718748464011162 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.0834097667470312, "se": 0.10071543457381048, "pvalue": 0.4083041780991446, "lower": -0.28169720866521636, "upper": 0.11487767517115398 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.016470444995913852, "se": 0.07453813371726309, "pvalue": 0.8252853732853862, "lower": -0.13027941437464813, "upper": 0.16322030436647583 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.011320134612843313, "se": 0.046559876613618746, "pvalue": 0.8080887706724622, "lower": -0.1029867085476938, "upper": 0.08034643932200718 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.12423351769221887, "se": 0.14765418660085505, "pvalue": 0.4008787450099851, "lower": -0.1664664239154125, "upper": 0.4149334592998502 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.0249942916687826, "se": 0.10925871647213953, "pvalue": 0.8192267264423213, "lower": -0.24010165319883342, "upper": 0.1901130698612682 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.11747270437125759, "se": 0.08981000069108232, "pvalue": 0.1919811979167649, "lower": -0.05934423904027297, "upper": 0.29428964778278816 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.06973219870941252, "se": 0.10010883662656947, "pvalue": 0.48667500908842315, "lower": -0.12736097982957736, "upper": 0.2668253772484024 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.10134794205527461, "se": 0.0838942374503656, "pvalue": 0.22808732433790221, "lower": -0.06382211163216217, "upper": 0.2665179957427114 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.15861409167659515, "se": 0.05945512350993594, "pvalue": 0.008096627660375099, "lower": 0.04155949721843301, "upper": 0.2756686861347573 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.19406266482381923, "se": 0.09412700158909341, "pvalue": 0.04019233809073901, "lower": 0.008746457437035754, "upper": 0.37937887221060274 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.3491553611611197, "se": 0.14436455331706713, "pvalue": 0.016243549115139318, "lower": 0.06493201344847066, "upper": 0.6333787088737688 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.20290623301423122, "se": 0.1344685062948025, "pvalue": 0.13248087083357624, "lower": -0.06183388596142764, "upper": 0.4676463519898901 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.015033914824042871, "se": 0.06838569804372305, "pvalue": 0.8261618504793641, "lower": -0.11960309673491198, "upper": 0.14967092638299773 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.09835229629417658, "se": 0.12710318158234266, "pvalue": 0.4397267346300177, "lower": -0.34859164483369987, "upper": 0.1518870522453467 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.10341129677387714, "se": 0.13326818227522624, "pvalue": 0.438449470622773, "lower": -0.3657882309971503, "upper": 0.15896563744939599 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.28650192271518016, "se": 0.14251055222404851, "pvalue": 0.04538414994240677, "lower": -0.5670751334294255, "upper": -0.005928712000934866 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.02896303718487395, "se": 0.10274164505809409, "pvalue": 0.7782348897357929, "lower": -0.2312396600604422, "upper": 0.1733135856906943 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.10544372237536079, "se": 0.0749111628601855, "pvalue": 0.16040462865596872, "lower": -0.04204055267661108, "upper": 0.25292799742733263 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.02947803285046682, "se": 0.0525116358321807, "pvalue": 0.5750164581040041, "lower": -0.07390629929448932, "upper": 0.13286236499542295 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 ], "weights": [ 0.4383561643835616, 0.1643835616438356, 0.1095890410958904, 0.1095890410958904, 0.0821917808219178, 0.0821917808219178, 0.0136986301369863 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 7.986744599008944e-11, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 1.7151600085147278e-16 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.26944000815425045, "df_num": 9, "df_den": 2464, "pvalue": 0.9827773985566427, "log10_pvalue": -0.0075448397733572, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2895, "design_columns": 90, "restricted_design_columns": 81, "fixed_effect_rank": 341, "covariance_rank": 9, "rss_unrestricted": 662.835170813393, "rss_restricted": 663.487503940203, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 5, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_8,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.09674276915088982 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.019844524463664484 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.046883123997180046 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.05862654302169343 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.1028543200637298 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.028301118021440225 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.1370138978119253 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.08355749713464017 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.360258775881925 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.20450432561894885 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.251031173593824 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.029084999265037728 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.09234705604865477 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.026809692286516418 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.024070276164592036 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.07461492429322908 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.441353463242368 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.5565925846249316 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.1431620549691086 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.06917204161410433 }, { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.46961277520136874 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.10751743349395441 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.2654359537082672 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.1984842658783159 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.055889673558749436 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.0007375751831498467 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.006437886145601701 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.4392080669352077 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.2935446729856346 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.33483478171699377 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.11609763822846783 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.5233993550310709 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.22469328185915682 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.16953402488707636 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "7c15e11678a92a15a1449529a9d5f84b6508338c54cf3d6ce25067b0b5f700e0" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P048", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRNNPC-SONSHORE", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P048.json", "input_bytes": 354362, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": "archive_time_fe", "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p048", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRNNPC-SONSHORE", "source_specification_id": "REXER-F4-THEFT-CTRLSPATIAL-SHNONE-FESTATE-TRNNPC-SONSHORE", "specification_id": "S22-P048", "data": "analyses/full-archive/prepared/S22-P048.parquet", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P048" }, "source": { "file": "S22-P048.parquet", "bytes": 46595, "sha256": "36607527b8ecce3da8b171a20b57742fafd84597eac84b00ad64084a066a5a25" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 2291, "source_sd": 21.965037243976433, "rows": 2085, "units": 192, "clusters": 192, "treated_units": 29, "never_treated_units": 163, "treated_cohorts": 3, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2085, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 24, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 11 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.08214515452042444, "se": 0.06549133531049521, "pvalue": 0.21126928559641178, "lower": -0.21132432407947543, "upper": 0.047034015038626545 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": 0.0355932518754049, "se": 0.07472833441641487, "pvalue": 0.6344036698100818, "lower": -0.11180554731958633, "upper": 0.18299205107039615 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.08156556617629046, "se": 0.07228445821906718, "pvalue": 0.26056765018863787, "lower": -0.22414391246431653, "upper": 0.06101278011173561 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": 0.004458662587853971, "se": 0.07345106216678726, "pvalue": 0.9516596154864709, "lower": -0.14042076564416237, "upper": 0.1493380908198703 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.10470193742639011, "se": 0.14213906143763028, "pvalue": 0.46225956262563794, "lower": -0.17566195852052197, "upper": 0.3850658333733022 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.07769216210854246, "se": 0.11532863370803861, "pvalue": 0.5013425757177462, "lower": -0.30517350842943414, "upper": 0.14978918421234924 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.09626924844486873, "se": 0.0920981261715013, "pvalue": 0.29721004759273356, "lower": -0.0853908047572024, "upper": 0.27792930164693985 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.025419828811854, "se": 0.10210213779764335, "pvalue": 0.803655593731322, "lower": -0.17597275706797158, "upper": 0.2268124146916796 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.0325771374543465, "se": 0.08721475439596826, "pvalue": 0.7091699033602686, "lower": -0.1394506505385837, "upper": 0.20460492544727665 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.11098033983030597, "se": 0.06513825077224861, "pvalue": 0.09005115323380944, "lower": -0.017502383897879087, "upper": 0.23946306355849103 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.16248877141934306, "se": 0.09975843953144105, "pvalue": 0.10499888377394473, "lower": -0.034280958714915155, "upper": 0.3592585015536013 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.2525553591142229, "se": 0.15005809842339593, "pvalue": 0.09399914395865402, "lower": -0.043428536282672625, "upper": 0.5485392545111184 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.13702296037884262, "se": 0.14392579369622574, "pvalue": 0.34228044675567115, "lower": -0.1468651970340399, "upper": 0.4209111177917252 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.04899480753206081, "se": 0.07194097560383998, "pvalue": 0.496669911460887, "lower": -0.09290603235328379, "upper": 0.19089564741740542 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.010867197059537839, "se": 0.1196509971800431, "pvalue": 0.9277275187573251, "lower": -0.24687424103491662, "upper": 0.22513984691584094 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.0012891206769664256, "se": 0.20238827952089228, "pvalue": 0.9949245228179904, "lower": -0.39791406785237526, "upper": 0.4004923092063081 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.17291005402454449, "se": 0.20128545644925344, "pvalue": 0.391401301260452, "lower": -0.5699379659636402, "upper": 0.22411785791455127 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.11910292048373891, "se": 0.08868826958249174, "pvalue": 0.18088545018368418, "lower": -0.05583132020595355, "upper": 0.29403716117343137 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.20079080563975132, "se": 0.08663181746494165, "pvalue": 0.02152243635182137, "lower": 0.029912838585702678, "upper": 0.37166877269379994 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.018886317045085754, "se": 0.08028823862696666, "pvalue": 0.8142811244128143, "lower": -0.13947918187196556, "upper": 0.17725181596213707 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.12525512314857223, "se": 0.06307286275390721, "pvalue": 0.04847711446616026, "lower": -0.24966394751645826, "upper": -0.0008462987806862055 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.005436983870808103, "se": 0.04371352693778814, "pvalue": 0.9011471026681825, "lower": -0.08078628645264409, "upper": 0.09166025419426028 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.04426726173141239, "se": 0.047862729965214665, "pvalue": 0.3561955819648844, "lower": -0.13867467731429042, "upper": 0.05014015385146564 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.03189708296630494, "se": 0.042924543924113864, "pvalue": 0.4583362088503384, "lower": -0.11656411428471261, "upper": 0.05276994835210274 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.011443730623530643, "se": 0.031147833246360616, "pvalue": 0.7137270393655566, "lower": -0.04999418651852311, "upper": 0.0728816477655844 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.056556736262077356, "se": 0.06286998081118585, "pvalue": 0.36947520615726237, "lower": -0.06745191118538066, "upper": 0.18056538370953537 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.12022351156506002, "se": 0.09794542743965497, "pvalue": 0.22116265146388783, "lower": -0.07297012113116182, "upper": 0.31341714426128187 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.03407647688625059, "se": 0.09096111943205386, "pvalue": 0.7083536180130084, "lower": -0.14534087374015128, "upper": 0.21349382751265247 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.07313271719738605, "se": 0.044312827062417987, "pvalue": 0.10050998376065741, "lower": -0.16053808423713334, "upper": 0.014272649842361249 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.03808566855258333, "se": 0.06117408898368787, "pvalue": 0.5343041619582771, "lower": -0.1587492338315447, "upper": 0.08257789672637807 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.13734968865857647, "se": 0.10838599431586983, "pvalue": 0.20661693348607044, "lower": -0.3511369426697547, "upper": 0.07643756535260177 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.1917135752806591, "se": 0.19199258003496644, "pvalue": 0.31927764989374235, "lower": -0.5704116417169696, "upper": 0.18698449115565133 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.3338005237485251, "se": 0.2007030491056128, "pvalue": 0.09792116579220426, "lower": -0.7296796593397283, "upper": 0.06207861184267821 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.0027897399686028666, "se": 0.08748999927401778, "pvalue": 0.9745959503343999, "lower": -0.17536043802136383, "upper": 0.16978095808415808 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.05026958854323886, "se": 0.074355281249295, "pvalue": 0.49981218098818153, "lower": -0.09639337745944616, "upper": 0.1969325545459239 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.14435740822619703, "se": 0.14080040935399915, "pvalue": 0.3065359699315671, "lower": -0.13336604736823, "upper": 0.42208086382062404 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.05537776474911951, "se": 0.11674344979449625, "pvalue": 0.6357890870202726, "lower": -0.28564978202306013, "upper": 0.17489425252482108 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.10348036271207818, "se": 0.0960324085371815, "pvalue": 0.2825907008329981, "lower": -0.08593991291330853, "upper": 0.2929006383374649 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.038989949895238685, "se": 0.10622801621435006, "pvalue": 0.7139953766939947, "lower": -0.1705407743359418, "upper": 0.24852067412641918 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.05684430534291443, "se": 0.08919458336397568, "pvalue": 0.524688272380142, "lower": -0.1190886200356504, "upper": 0.23277723072147927 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.10934169776699101, "se": 0.06395990430559846, "pvalue": 0.08897596227566162, "lower": -0.016816782344950126, "upper": 0.23550017787893215 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.16118742510788112, "se": 0.09861245484717432, "pvalue": 0.1037895660097208, "lower": -0.03332189379580561, "upper": 0.3556967440115678 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.2660012918457286, "se": 0.14729888538148228, "pvalue": 0.0725145256718936, "lower": -0.0245401607043223, "upper": 0.5565427443957796 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.1424952265890443, "se": 0.14324704228170992, "pvalue": 0.32111563531015136, "lower": -0.14005411945820506, "upper": 0.42504457263629364 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.05027688104629945, "se": 0.07459084932114296, "pvalue": 0.5011036586776318, "lower": -0.0968507340241084, "upper": 0.19740449611670732 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.05005745065077857, "se": 0.15015348539838536, "pvalue": 0.7392167502403469, "lower": -0.3462294932301596, "upper": 0.2461145919286025 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.039558945844704894, "se": 0.19948320324058194, "pvalue": 0.8430156694070374, "lower": -0.4330319818337601, "upper": 0.3539140901443504 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.2666791415824953, "se": 0.20320720310592197, "pvalue": 0.1909766698787831, "lower": -0.6674976257558319, "upper": 0.13413934259084137 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.03468485175585226, "se": 0.10396767516198105, "pvalue": 0.7390384151661162, "lower": -0.17038743566561992, "upper": 0.23975713917732444 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.12177122279331863, "se": 0.0742766183404737, "pvalue": 0.1027700227477954, "lower": -0.02473658361171184, "upper": 0.2682790291983491 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ], "weights": [ 0.5, 0.15517241379310345, 0.08620689655172414, 0.08620689655172414, 0.08620689655172414, 0.08620689655172414 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 4.4779256622162755e-08, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 8.045151135121407e-16 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.02492953887664976, "df_num": 1, "df_den": 1753, "pvalue": 0.8745609470697958, "log10_pvalue": -0.05820991968583758, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2085, "design_columns": 70, "restricted_design_columns": 69, "fixed_effect_rank": 262, "covariance_rank": 1, "rss_unrestricted": 494.58851094616654, "rss_restricted": 494.59554452489533, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 6, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.09974951918228568 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.04325568720793338 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.06766553619147067 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.03594493823795504 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.20150744031779222 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.1396294798462789 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.048274264212582296 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.6102911104751236 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.07407629485741193 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.08783925946854121 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -0.09930232487479435 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.09646470523205102 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.42871543212897434 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.14422593839654554 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.09418929274755578 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "44c4c4f8cb33d36098a093a1e83e9112703c0b401c6f0d02b67c914e725034b3", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "7c15e11678a92a15a1449529a9d5f84b6508338c54cf3d6ce25067b0b5f700e0" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P049", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T1-PB-SPILLS-C1", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Table 1 panel B column 1", "outcome_label": "Operational oil spills: count of non-sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "Local participation (DI+NNPC): binary indicator equal to one from the earliest observed year of indigenous Nigerian ownership or operatorship onward; explicitly recoded as absorbing", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; 314 fields; published N=3183", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P049.json", "input_bytes": 61893, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": {}, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p049", "specification_id": "S22-P049", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T1-PB-SPILLS-C1", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "Operational oil spills: count of non-sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "data": "analyses/full-archive/prepared/S22-P049.parquet", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P049" }, "source": { "file": "S22-P049.parquet", "bytes": 61893, "sha256": "b2382f612d6e02ea506df4b841a214e6751d83d410ac1cfe92622609f7746c36" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3183, "source_sd": 9.624386552239383, "rows": 2895, "units": 271, "clusters": 271, "treated_units": 56, "never_treated_units": 215, "treated_cohorts": 8, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2895, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 38, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 5 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": 0.16257441691578423, "se": 0.0807703804464623, "pvalue": 0.045128568531085426, "lower": 0.003554578603412323, "upper": 0.3215942552281561 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": 0.16671644718716244, "se": 0.05549270001198819, "pvalue": 0.0029119591446683754, "lower": 0.05746302861161795, "upper": 0.27596986576270693 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": 0.21781064923581012, "se": 0.0772891990360015, "pvalue": 0.005187678329954082, "lower": 0.06564452266736698, "upper": 0.36997677580425326 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": 0.17550353597810928, "se": 0.03983388672041021, "pvalue": 1.520808214473233e-05, "lower": 0.09707901710597597, "upper": 0.2539280548502426 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.3035411475020059, "se": 0.330734737786605, "pvalue": 0.35955406666629164, "lower": -0.9546880683955078, "upper": 0.347605773391496 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.430555022395296, "se": 0.128744035317743, "pvalue": 0.0009418582365985373, "lower": 0.1770851790350808, "upper": 0.6840248657555112 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.2779686416321219, "se": 0.20663785131282167, "pvalue": 0.17969031506316527, "lower": -0.12885769152798238, "upper": 0.6847949747922262 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.058459650573631144, "se": 0.2061673040818557, "pvalue": 0.7769691729506416, "lower": -0.46435957551115514, "upper": 0.3474402743638929 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.011855151945298967, "se": 0.144888375620991, "pvalue": 0.9348483604519605, "lower": -0.2733994913687074, "upper": 0.2971097952593053 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.07681163831806954, "se": 0.12701889318410198, "pvalue": 0.5458688696331486, "lower": -0.32688504078446856, "upper": 0.1732617641483295 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.04472221545178392, "se": 0.12043700443366212, "pvalue": 0.7106808510789306, "lower": -0.2818372676033825, "upper": 0.19239283669981466 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.03322052420813614, "se": 0.1297250670136084, "pvalue": 0.79808091480694, "lower": -0.2221807635849703, "upper": 0.2886218120012426 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.15492118212442912, "se": 0.06732601893639302, "pvalue": 0.022150295155387845, "lower": -0.2874719090902055, "upper": -0.02237045515865277 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.1165528466635646, "se": 0.06990128406075162, "pvalue": 0.09659588175934855, "lower": -0.02106803400736164, "upper": 0.25417372733449084 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.04435294445513194, "se": 0.06153583810739247, "pvalue": 0.47167703055122334, "lower": -0.07679813806007293, "upper": 0.1655040269703368 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.0497800085180519, "se": 0.06886434011939242, "pvalue": 0.4703850705014309, "lower": -0.0857993483048688, "upper": 0.18535936534097258 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.23335451174145874, "se": 0.06857277536392234, "pvalue": 0.0007675236605408541, "lower": 0.09834918440826135, "upper": 0.36835983907465614 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.3304215714009518, "se": 0.07754542129076396, "pvalue": 2.8140849181650533e-05, "lower": 0.1777509972701827, "upper": 0.48309214553172086 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.4299712857019464, "se": 0.08485140096203753, "pvalue": 7.492203335929776e-07, "lower": 0.2629167790006296, "upper": 0.5970257924032633 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.718932422476112, "se": 0.14987956365874303, "pvalue": 2.6701598543075493e-06, "lower": 0.423851182947469, "upper": 1.014013662004755 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.7101573805176554, "se": 0.07299088223370437, "pvalue": 2.255756257515471e-19, "lower": 0.5664537328819406, "upper": 0.8538610281533703 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.40372889960826935, "se": 0.31242157685649086, "pvalue": 0.19737312736200552, "lower": -1.0188210703074785, "upper": 0.21136327109093972 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.33211684151323123, "se": 0.07482507224428561, "pvalue": 1.3206877981278758e-05, "lower": 0.184802060720726, "upper": 0.47943162230573644 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.19936918677724608, "se": 0.12634808500149827, "pvalue": 0.11575117710967983, "lower": -0.04938353590348618, "upper": 0.44812190945797836 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.1091181414643692, "se": 0.11868236426592295, "pvalue": 0.35870010310941486, "lower": -0.3427786773164535, "upper": 0.1245423943877151 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.038873357622890306, "se": 0.07262018053153815, "pvalue": 0.5928851796034447, "lower": -0.181847171817005, "upper": 0.10410045657122437 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.0772718579684308, "se": 0.06445064312407559, "pvalue": 0.23160604883832517, "lower": -0.20416157660126882, "upper": 0.04961786066440722 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.019597088215186395, "se": 0.061975072158399244, "pvalue": 0.7520880364201998, "lower": -0.1416129299080292, "upper": 0.1024187534776564 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.05158037689018956, "se": 0.06552234058513941, "pvalue": 0.4318446354788299, "lower": -0.07741928793871856, "upper": 0.1805800417190977 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.13595337505746213, "se": 0.06283775369747018, "pvalue": 0.031375254210730744, "lower": -0.25966765469376685, "upper": -0.012239095421157406 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": 0.029819033832452543, "se": 0.07603320319667836, "pvalue": 0.6952313869134524, "lower": -0.11987430191606172, "upper": 0.1795123695809668 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.13405614211051248, "se": 0.08391713792368642, "pvalue": 0.1113278794607599, "lower": -0.03115899777739317, "upper": 0.2992712819984181 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.06567563609483866, "se": 0.07766513244248678, "pvalue": 0.398510321594521, "lower": -0.08723062403723349, "upper": 0.21858189622691082 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.12846174452986833, "se": 0.0984183400824886, "pvalue": 0.19291477254910616, "lower": -0.06530320297168637, "upper": 0.32222669203142307 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.3043569640257046, "se": 0.1021598292696744, "pvalue": 0.0031527509989862207, "lower": 0.1032258136871069, "upper": 0.5054881143643023 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.395965541243322, "se": 0.11323810912611412, "pvalue": 0.0005504626187902195, "lower": 0.1730235951425581, "upper": 0.6189074873440858 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.5795977994868464, "se": 0.08639222355968994, "pvalue": 1.1473037299582465e-10, "lower": 0.4095097381706774, "upper": 0.7496858608030155 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.8005179110462973, "se": 0.19859331176357392, "pvalue": 7.231499790800207e-05, "lower": 0.40952957903646353, "upper": 1.1915062430561312 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.6829212070923472, "se": 0.060014563491096816, "pvalue": 9.086573734862701e-25, "lower": 0.5647651933409004, "upper": 0.801077220843794 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.5196936494855123, "se": 0.0730530268535849, "pvalue": 1.0143357712092474e-11, "lower": 0.37586765220441065, "upper": 0.663519646766614 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.39124539556955173, "se": 0.1417599296015987, "pvalue": 0.0061774401454631435, "lower": 0.11215000243392609, "upper": 0.6703407887051773 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.21106915219620231, "se": 0.2300035536721398, "pvalue": 0.359606577241308, "lower": -0.2417593192563745, "upper": 0.6638976236487791 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.16578142787603303, "se": 0.23842986234003488, "pvalue": 0.48746227794810637, "lower": -0.6351995233285486, "upper": 0.30363666757648256 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.02370749899038388, "se": 0.15733936021886213, "pvalue": 0.8803426422101926, "lower": -0.3334755040917064, "upper": 0.28606050611093864 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.10161247767254407, "se": 0.11846889922381232, "pvalue": 0.39181091098644366, "lower": -0.33485274589317554, "upper": 0.13162779054808743 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.05089226204659268, "se": 0.11012515165040132, "pvalue": 0.6443594377691602, "lower": -0.2677054516437363, "upper": 0.16592092755055093 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.01960897617334724, "se": 0.1176411606198943, "pvalue": 0.8677429405646447, "lower": -0.212001649370942, "upper": 0.2512196017176365 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.17897365279295874, "se": 0.06687412905919478, "pvalue": 0.007899794540321014, "lower": -0.31063470392942916, "upper": -0.04731260165648829 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.11170917005638373, "se": 0.05784763054645293, "pvalue": 0.0545182660014302, "lower": -0.002180609902597247, "upper": 0.2255989500153647 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.007251861853817244, "se": 0.05656094773639403, "pvalue": 0.8980756754243596, "lower": -0.10410471111413691, "upper": 0.11860843482177139 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.08418633023747882, "se": 0.052471038924803565, "pvalue": 0.10978740461707208, "lower": -0.0191180751619128, "upper": 0.18749073563687044 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.25650941670491934, "se": 0.053383840153412444, "pvalue": 2.5705198626015205e-06, "lower": 0.1514078982675257, "upper": 0.36161093514231296 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.3558144977946808, "se": 0.04975147176998273, "pvalue": 8.044381444261798e-12, "lower": 0.2578643463538415, "upper": 0.45376464923552007 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.4802715051615648, "se": 0.06511154955231284, "pvalue": 2.0083738211873533e-12, "lower": 0.3520806012083536, "upper": 0.608462409114776 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.9004454975936054, "se": 0.14664582224801329, "pvalue": 2.932896504930232e-09, "lower": 0.6117308126538579, "upper": 1.1891601825333529 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 1.045421307740025, "se": 0.1207852389801106, "pvalue": 4.521040406274086e-16, "lower": 0.8076206552363552, "upper": 1.2832219602436947 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 ], "weights": [ 0.25339366515837103, 0.24434389140271492, 0.14479638009049775, 0.13574660633484162, 0.13122171945701358, 0.07239819004524888, 0.013574660633484163, 0.004524886877828055 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 1.1102230246251565e-16, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": 5.551115123125783e-17, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 5.4937673277844035e-16 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.20447382674239223, "df_num": 21, "df_den": 2534, "pvalue": 0.9999624123905335, "log10_pvalue": -1.6324398178714618e-05, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2895, "design_columns": 80, "restricted_design_columns": 59, "fixed_effect_rank": 281, "covariance_rank": 21, "rss_unrestricted": 1241.62707597737, "rss_restricted": 1243.7310558636577, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 4, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ -0.007102272727272724, -0.07741477272727278, 0.0014204545454545336, 0.005681818181818184, -0.029474431818181795, -0.02911931818181818 ], [ 0.0007102272726244227, 0.0007647330866539602, -0.07611103770263562, 0.0017573995771377996, 0.009536590468599053, -0.02499504492605062 ], [ 0.0007102272726244227, 0.008516671071150082, 0.0014083421423255948, -0.07576198026782341, 0.005660621476351029, 0.013764644996430079 ], [ 0.0007102272726244227, 0.008516671071150082, 0.009160280126821723, 0.0017573995771377965, -0.07185875836861025, 0.009888676004182025 ], [ 0.0007102272717775185, 0.008516671070929346, 0.009160280126589766, 0.009509337561393404, 0.0057369952492610015, -0.06680332129765942 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_5,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_8,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.6.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -1.398241398804244 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.9559976624101815 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.6600879071083896 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.32866008147786785 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.13824521769007936 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.2431567081403488 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.27812602096135075 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.00931853363916374 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.007902761150926918 }, { "event_time": 6.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.10946742068473911 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.9540738074216111 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -2.1414704819461075 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -1.3513656271907901 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.35140911911483763 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.305339497663761 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.2685398139841224 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.6082335520995102 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.37573960380441473 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.10969211517653596 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.22134493906569866 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.4734400833190887 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -1.0408814151162953 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -2.0481690124872802 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.6877104231807576 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.32980025759580534 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.33507065816858345 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.7201287956121208 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.48864361164839165 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.4733634054731343 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.04211031447317665 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.5150682267934313 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -1.4541139860824617 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -2.0279080385602732 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -2.3042649610144563 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -1.1307809175690717 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.2091257467301327 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.5378828362586207 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.19990422114154338 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.6252212359546504 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.48040255936741516 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.28889356889140605 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.46562078540975205 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.0048540632780796 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.3861224761825126 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.9911394801146707 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.36748375758432894 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.0702537077901711 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.11322125975812414 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.4853404326833459 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.341530520427486 }, { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.6890974919672058 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.2813024203726431 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.7855362383027552 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -1.0755696623511364 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -1.6107526628062505 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -1.7703208388405318 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.8797158146611423 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.59856367293912 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.5918993396264862 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.588274146688415 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.9123099256051085 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.16323114069217048 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.00556469456584141 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "b42dd52795225c55faa7af833b12a94304ddde96f066412b80dea4620c4bcc24", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "538c06b81a46a104838d662d6e6489d0d2daa7f680fd234049f28c97c87ef555" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P050", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T1-PB-SPILLS-C2", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P050.json", "input_bytes": 492506, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p050", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-T1-PB-SPILLS-C2", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T1-PB-SPILLS-C2", "specification_id": "S22-P050", "data": "repl-archives/twfe-microdata-replication-private/outputs/expansion_nigerian_oil_2026_10_06/validation/native_inputs/REXER-T1-PB-SPILLS-C2.csv", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P050" }, "source": { "file": "REXER-T1-PB-SPILLS-C2.csv", "bytes": 492506, "sha256": "97c01ca241a346846c05b57dc949df7e14f843b9d37f2a3fa50f4fdef98968a7" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3183, "source_sd": 9.624386552239383, "rows": 2895, "units": 271, "clusters": 271, "treated_units": 56, "never_treated_units": 215, "treated_cohorts": 8, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2895, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 38, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 5 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": 0.106052751043436, "se": 0.08556206429156468, "pvalue": 0.21624283525647486, "lower": -0.062400901819274046, "upper": 0.27450640390614606 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": 0.18736106780806172, "se": 0.06812558203644324, "pvalue": 0.00635778810840857, "lower": 0.05323616978864271, "upper": 0.32148596582748074 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": 0.16806002508059664, "se": 0.08174110620142931, "pvalue": 0.040743474300057016, "lower": 0.007129032558633924, "upper": 0.32899101760255933 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": 0.20027928776966455, "se": 0.06294930414374943, "pvalue": 0.001635733753958374, "lower": 0.07634538883934452, "upper": 0.32421318669998456 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.051262381496817236, "se": 0.34295524605680927, "pvalue": 0.8812923873061229, "lower": -0.6239441419202977, "upper": 0.7264689049139322 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.19702143840352196, "se": 0.14937182041772054, "pvalue": 0.18828665648502999, "lower": -0.09706016180628543, "upper": 0.4911030386133294 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.3017223383363054, "se": 0.2194822510259727, "pvalue": 0.1703641444862043, "lower": -0.13039190797110184, "upper": 0.7338365846437127 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.006303698174755129, "se": 0.18086646138715073, "pvalue": 0.9722228896373171, "lower": -0.36239160177178836, "upper": 0.3497842054222781 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.09117654099987076, "se": 0.13343187652454955, "pvalue": 0.4949912130633324, "lower": -0.17152267266440746, "upper": 0.353875754664149 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.009726748777641623, "se": 0.13795280477031338, "pvalue": 0.9438416869684016, "lower": -0.2813267163406801, "upper": 0.2618732187853969 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.009010265566382009, "se": 0.1188163838738305, "pvalue": 0.9396077000854932, "lower": -0.24293465775122522, "upper": 0.2249141266184612 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.15914049214727433, "se": 0.12402267449465441, "pvalue": 0.20053757203948822, "lower": -0.08503398785632571, "upper": 0.40331497215087436 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.012199374634025914, "se": 0.06444201163323854, "pvalue": 0.8499938209402412, "lower": -0.13907209968246187, "upper": 0.11467335041441006 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.037992847018088506, "se": 0.061981458350214964, "pvalue": 0.5404113705261034, "lower": -0.0840355677390924, "upper": 0.16002126177526943 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.03395917903480179, "se": 0.08360990454286477, "pvalue": 0.684945177524574, "lower": -0.1985694412154047, "upper": 0.13065108314580115 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.08111051160178372, "se": 0.10636959096601734, "pvalue": 0.4464065484275337, "lower": -0.12830877134911234, "upper": 0.2905297945526798 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.35535772257378867, "se": 0.09529641074201008, "pvalue": 0.00023427657972683523, "lower": 0.16773919528471037, "upper": 0.542976249862867 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.5066019191304209, "se": 0.10476930740647035, "pvalue": 2.234049180840269e-06, "lower": 0.30033325688338275, "upper": 0.712870581377459 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.5883615646517065, "se": 0.10852506739354699, "pvalue": 1.3120459218553422e-07, "lower": 0.3746986033734675, "upper": 0.8020245259299456 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.961282225629671, "se": 0.16827698811334196, "pvalue": 2.9351349378385636e-08, "lower": 0.6299803388047884, "upper": 1.2925841124545536 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.8676368058787197, "se": 0.13378185167591825, "pvalue": 4.198237127561905e-10, "lower": 0.604248564978512, "upper": 1.1310250467789276 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.02675655287733272, "se": 0.31101138262657585, "pvalue": 0.9315057084425242, "lower": -0.6390723486580311, "upper": 0.5855592429033657 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.07897498159514786, "se": 0.07892108585227411, "pvalue": 0.3178761022364943, "lower": -0.0764039858220489, "upper": 0.23435394901234463 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.17135944559098376, "se": 0.11716675730979693, "pvalue": 0.14476009826197428, "lower": -0.059317179924463975, "upper": 0.40203607110643147 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.07448542688297781, "se": 0.0867734330121417, "pvalue": 0.3914386519487786, "lower": -0.2453240091841533, "upper": 0.09635315541819771 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.0032303327488493773, "se": 0.06652753966851005, "pvalue": 0.9613087755664625, "lower": -0.12774835700015674, "upper": 0.1342090224978555 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.05466997070231151, "se": 0.06161014944062217, "pvalue": 0.37567844698423875, "lower": -0.17596735655457688, "upper": 0.06662741514995385 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.047901747216053614, "se": 0.054754641175903326, "pvalue": 0.3824365466049036, "lower": -0.15570208365764646, "upper": 0.05989858922553923 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.0926334997735778, "se": 0.05762411899681132, "pvalue": 0.10910308025832359, "lower": -0.020816233100215617, "upper": 0.20608323264737122 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.050970355527582376, "se": 0.05174584438491199, "pvalue": 0.32549928659402444, "lower": -0.15284700587814132, "upper": 0.05090629482297655 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.023858926016096255, "se": 0.066816040242502, "pvalue": 0.7213079962772876, "lower": -0.1554056125279706, "upper": 0.10768776049577809 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.013453175228906551, "se": 0.07404352254342306, "pvalue": 0.855960141282692, "lower": -0.1592292495503357, "upper": 0.13232289909252262 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.086330585646609, "se": 0.08975154089116516, "pvalue": 0.3369684297815568, "lower": -0.26303243404584403, "upper": 0.09037126275262602 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.07233183018295351, "se": 0.12282963323419041, "pvalue": 0.5564345747876731, "lower": -0.16949380328444968, "upper": 0.3141574636503567 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.37024778243575934, "se": 0.12036992635902942, "pvalue": 0.0023140296865559475, "lower": 0.13326479286110338, "upper": 0.6072307720104153 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.5117365590236789, "se": 0.13241764966533046, "pvalue": 0.00013944288434549891, "lower": 0.25103414406548064, "upper": 0.7724389739818771 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.6624887867443303, "se": 0.11253057896167512, "pvalue": 1.1625565642769028e-08, "lower": 0.4409398182639305, "upper": 0.88403775522473 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.9908256915040639, "se": 0.21091843097219906, "pvalue": 4.19504615069466e-06, "lower": 0.5755718001034903, "upper": 1.4060795829046375 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.7217850675120521, "se": 0.1528368817450117, "pvalue": 3.7470942529127724e-06, "lower": 0.42088149260109137, "upper": 1.0226886424230128 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.8065349699606096, "se": 0.18415207968152042, "pvalue": 1.7015957855332918e-05, "lower": 0.4439783771356835, "upper": 1.1690915627855356 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.0300130359676513, "se": 0.1673609385302405, "pvalue": 0.8578121612007252, "lower": -0.2994853424945653, "upper": 0.35951141442986795 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.1495283241878987, "se": 0.2486991990938564, "pvalue": 0.5481834656919813, "lower": -0.3401079287270598, "upper": 0.6391645771028571 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.1771671940680368, "se": 0.21910596917064787, "pvalue": 0.4194621308391127, "lower": -0.6085406207895651, "upper": 0.2542062326534915 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.007126929073188987, "se": 0.14369012653621824, "pvalue": 0.960478378869046, "lower": -0.27576861459729374, "upper": 0.29002247274367177 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.0810428238696929, "se": 0.12055964032015207, "pvalue": 0.5020173048750763, "lower": -0.3183993202082958, "upper": 0.15631367246891004 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.0422050293089867, "se": 0.1077087762478091, "pvalue": 0.6954826354881672, "lower": -0.25426088554087645, "upper": 0.16985082692290301 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.1326361480175235, "se": 0.11175318785944148, "pvalue": 0.23632338276365278, "lower": -0.0873823013951271, "upper": 0.3526545974301741 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.03238716650927016, "se": 0.07108481085493204, "pvalue": 0.649034462754458, "lower": -0.17233816173962552, "upper": 0.10756382872108518 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.01331359931378076, "se": 0.06245358134654881, "pvalue": 0.8313506252230501, "lower": -0.10964432601553772, "upper": 0.13627152464309925 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.08986700438407169, "se": 0.0840658172204794, "pvalue": 0.2860209903877479, "lower": -0.2553748624392774, "upper": 0.07564085367113399 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.11308049498345171, "se": 0.10438133681074951, "pvalue": 0.27962394640027705, "lower": -0.09242433501393671, "upper": 0.31858532498084013 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.43270093071452786, "se": 0.08225973245556473, "pvalue": 2.9329728055181046e-07, "lower": 0.2707488725169883, "upper": 0.5946529889120674 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.5822803443904183, "se": 0.08644717347170569, "pvalue": 9.80225099913113e-11, "lower": 0.4120840982907219, "upper": 0.7524765904901147 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.6472287184945625, "se": 0.10141436377445985, "pvalue": 7.575626229417036e-10, "lower": 0.4475652324390995, "upper": 0.8468922045500256 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 1.112850803250654, "se": 0.15341387301817008, "pvalue": 4.2924914455380925e-12, "lower": 0.810811254255405, "upper": 1.4148903522459033 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 1.1890336183706318, "se": 0.25359480131756085, "pvalue": 4.368399507604306e-06, "lower": 0.6897589575423766, "upper": 1.688308279198887 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 ], "weights": [ 0.25339366515837103, 0.24434389140271492, 0.14479638009049775, 0.13574660633484162, 0.13122171945701358, 0.07239819004524888, 0.013574660633484163, 0.004524886877828055 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 3.595019741897687e-07, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 1.0836668010987729e-15 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.40114969575613557, "df_num": 21, "df_den": 2494, "pvalue": 0.9929672736576767, "log10_pvalue": -0.003065064801795164, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2895, "design_columns": 120, "restricted_design_columns": 99, "fixed_effect_rank": 281, "covariance_rank": 21, "rss_unrestricted": 1049.0940352361472, "rss_restricted": 1052.6376273829578, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 4, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ -0.007102272727272724, -0.07741477272727278, 0.0014204545454545336, 0.005681818181818184, -0.029474431818181795, -0.02911931818181818 ], [ 0.0007102272726244227, 0.0007647330866539602, -0.07611103770263562, 0.0017573995771377996, 0.009536590468599053, -0.02499504492605062 ], [ 0.0007102272726244227, 0.008516671071150082, 0.0014083421423255948, -0.07576198026782341, 0.005660621476351029, 0.013764644996430079 ], [ 0.0007102272726244227, 0.008516671071150082, 0.009160280126821723, 0.0017573995771377965, -0.07185875836861025, 0.009888676004182025 ], [ 0.0007102272717775185, 0.008516671070929346, 0.009160280126589766, 0.009509337561393404, 0.0057369952492610015, -0.06680332129765942 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_5,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_8,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.6.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.8400017087146598 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -1.7295378116726556 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.3243382512262126 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.33918919931680663 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.33222914151973065 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.25743749861876525 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.5736258945675652 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.2623025037409734 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.05776918945988915 }, { "event_time": 6.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.07359326189489848 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -1.0413822607368903 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -1.7011600487704923 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -1.4201750064086267 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.006724051995550227 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.004662394917776279 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.30555509493599375 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.5282957804358045 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.2914416464839818 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.10011104307755654 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.19995050428657268 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.17460882545215184 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -1.110008838154667 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -1.1272870392590097 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.9174102084242467 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.08264282670003875 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.3231868424683308 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.8750331969569716 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.2193279955811429 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.3174711128136025 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.29915180632399874 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.9711315391365277 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -1.2732054703325153 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -1.8412683760325166 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -1.5302845092291268 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -1.7145654620451278 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.28031896202922224 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.43319599331551795 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.3402307819529391 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.6045489415136529 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.666009483484469 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.3686608302286356 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.0664759480698045 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.3374089033363818 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.9687439125012771 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.815479471970392 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.2833791703839452 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.20403292195314443 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.19768860547831613 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.9301275316612053 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.6786320692789402 }, { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -1.166711893036477 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.603726890112297 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -1.0271111426605861 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -1.1402710810216306 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -1.8086825177888828 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -1.3265185441787983 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -1.3966808975332745 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.2802108702180697 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.7157363053513651 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.7099980921009664 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -0.8073208265758597 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.17681509777102722 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.2082685014456408 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "7c15e11678a92a15a1449529a9d5f84b6508338c54cf3d6ce25067b0b5f700e0" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P051", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T1-PB-SPILLS-C4", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P051.json", "input_bytes": 492506, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": "archive_time_fe", "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p051", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-T1-PB-SPILLS-C4", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T1-PB-SPILLS-C4", "specification_id": "S22-P051", "data": "analyses/full-archive/prepared/S22-P051.parquet", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P051" }, "source": { "file": "S22-P051.parquet", "bytes": 64519, "sha256": "9c2eb00127e281fc013166d402b36e5d4879511cfd67cd83061af052f1a45370" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3183, "source_sd": 9.624386552239383, "rows": 2884, "units": 270, "clusters": 270, "treated_units": 55, "never_treated_units": 215, "treated_cohorts": 8, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2884, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 38, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 16 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": 0.1791064414013867, "se": 0.10907175575553293, "pvalue": 0.10173831547194029, "lower": -0.035636428084261845, "upper": 0.39384931088703523 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": 0.17344754103261012, "se": 0.08697251369905555, "pvalue": 0.047130724379252656, "lower": 0.0022141449188078366, "upper": 0.3446809371464124 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": 0.28852414240711294, "se": 0.10929082098656943, "pvalue": 0.008775672145277254, "lower": 0.07334997248083747, "upper": 0.5036983123333885 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": 0.18109188522066355, "se": 0.0829870097173208, "pvalue": 0.02996214370802499, "lower": 0.017705236923981488, "upper": 0.3444785335173456 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.41675847111413417, "se": 0.3130169955898723, "pvalue": 0.18417658186638136, "lower": -1.0330332102996356, "upper": 0.1995162680713672 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.0011321884293614836, "se": 0.17478789904820127, "pvalue": 0.9948365408591637, "lower": -0.34299406802429033, "upper": 0.34525844488301327 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.1950436502108794, "se": 0.2383643930349982, "pvalue": 0.41393393039323756, "lower": -0.27425340464049863, "upper": 0.6643407050622575 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.11654183167107458, "se": 0.18285133242337073, "pvalue": 0.5244335090524438, "lower": -0.47654355294048734, "upper": 0.2434598895983382 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.08800701897529947, "se": 0.15077462394743557, "pvalue": 0.5599118404245007, "lower": -0.3848554117403481, "upper": 0.20884137378974918 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.13373508758501346, "se": 0.1491232483334428, "pvalue": 0.3706226696325459, "lower": -0.42733221575373287, "upper": 0.15986204058370596 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.21062154084752402, "se": 0.11511833684526876, "pvalue": 0.06841517192136894, "lower": -0.437269052050849, "upper": 0.016025970355800945 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.001850906977860423, "se": 0.13056032483539412, "pvalue": 0.9886995636703353, "lower": -0.2551991295042806, "upper": 0.2589009434600015 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.031155729401095605, "se": 0.06043178459109871, "pvalue": 0.6065907601049361, "lower": -0.15013515483839843, "upper": 0.08782369603620722 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.000655960870892045, "se": 0.07184258432105886, "pvalue": 0.9927217599765363, "lower": -0.14078929781686164, "upper": 0.1421012195586457 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.021940368599762214, "se": 0.08645316031676092, "pvalue": 0.7998568385458873, "lower": -0.1921512503621774, "upper": 0.14827051316265294 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.22410611680669734, "se": 0.11487112641005748, "pvalue": 0.052102891917573925, "lower": -0.002054681059555724, "upper": 0.45026691467295044 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.4175838759934508, "se": 0.12913304185007118, "pvalue": 0.0013742710222091883, "lower": 0.16334390561607898, "upper": 0.6718238463708226 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.3950343028172278, "se": 0.14201525314181998, "pvalue": 0.005791178231797505, "lower": 0.11543155177360426, "upper": 0.6746370538608513 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.42065020454779, "se": 0.1422442270687023, "pvalue": 0.0033798114081267762, "lower": 0.1405966446054236, "upper": 0.7007037644901564 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.6616789173290649, "se": 0.2246573867239062, "pvalue": 0.0035089252965815323, "lower": 0.21936851770215338, "upper": 1.1039893169559765 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.49324206229185613, "se": 0.12186956113901849, "pvalue": 6.77799328379438e-05, "lower": 0.2533025923468888, "upper": 0.7331815322368235 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.3184898725876456, "se": 0.23728269235577595, "pvalue": 0.18065051970499624, "lower": -0.7856572513723672, "upper": 0.14867750619707598 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.003535341259641566, "se": 0.07574249864876204, "pvalue": 0.9628062558177141, "lower": -0.145588154453619, "upper": 0.1526588369729021 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.16652109352176256, "se": 0.11870195727150913, "pvalue": 0.16181454911673554, "lower": -0.06718192832359407, "upper": 0.4002241153671192 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.0771325994594862, "se": 0.07798787362498141, "pvalue": 0.3235356581306762, "lower": -0.23067683876603173, "upper": 0.07641163984705934 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.05771891555893194, "se": 0.0535293572055227, "pvalue": 0.28188076139447305, "lower": -0.16310869028485228, "upper": 0.047670859166988405 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.046743362694539686, "se": 0.05950157304416248, "pvalue": 0.43280382058109695, "lower": -0.16389136719766878, "upper": 0.0704046418085894 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.10633016352266432, "se": 0.04661869856687228, "pvalue": 0.02333961559907051, "lower": -0.19811408166527486, "upper": -0.01454624538005378 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.052924706300838495, "se": 0.05329953827000369, "pvalue": 0.32161816482992656, "lower": -0.05201259585476671, "upper": 0.15786200845644371 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.016865466432069074, "se": 0.053060685393976285, "pvalue": 0.750843498412094, "lower": -0.08760157693263534, "upper": 0.12133250979677349 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": 0.0845162829884784, "se": 0.06008809281358863, "pvalue": 0.16071813578497665, "lower": -0.03378647452494357, "upper": 0.20281904050190036 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.07039405913941886, "se": 0.08883478893470521, "pvalue": 0.42881674719048646, "lower": -0.10450582538016105, "upper": 0.24529394365899876 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.04025322884686583, "se": 0.10175979411962807, "pvalue": 0.6927350266630872, "lower": -0.16009368989620437, "upper": 0.24060014758993603 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.40645441657068215, "se": 0.15311372379131974, "pvalue": 0.00841362610793924, "lower": 0.10500075263337005, "upper": 0.7079080805079943 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.6147016135337304, "se": 0.15681986938213374, "pvalue": 0.0001125016770264675, "lower": 0.3059512087179933, "upper": 0.9234520183494676 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.5298767139744305, "se": 0.16520770195385312, "pvalue": 0.0015017239589344338, "lower": 0.20461216007638305, "upper": 0.8551412678724779 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.6052917332489736, "se": 0.15807610305249986, "pvalue": 0.00016005240675829265, "lower": 0.29406802797840975, "upper": 0.9165154385195373 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.6101721258122241, "se": 0.37513035820062135, "pvalue": 0.10500135410901675, "lower": -0.12839276656683873, "upper": 1.348737018191287 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.17637014575781773, "se": 0.17154326894549346, "pvalue": 0.3048085245408446, "lower": -0.1613680116517821, "upper": 0.5141083031674176 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.1429944697532228, "se": 0.12594879739013196, "pvalue": 0.2572442470713072, "lower": -0.10497629016050025, "upper": 0.39096522966694586 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.15760260790052294, "se": 0.1906417723910201, "pvalue": 0.40914261145267206, "lower": -0.5329423185661855, "upper": 0.21773710276513958 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.035621890910518844, "se": 0.26320961430675344, "pvalue": 0.8924469733428878, "lower": -0.4825909815321787, "upper": 0.5538347633532164 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.3147302109117848, "se": 0.2149378273891549, "pvalue": 0.14428377345422227, "lower": -0.7379045285418258, "upper": 0.10844410671825616 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.1452238033468011, "se": 0.1572769641093897, "pvalue": 0.35664530835684605, "lower": -0.454874146305807, "upper": 0.16442653961220485 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.18255708222352005, "se": 0.14451320214274127, "pvalue": 0.20759120334033246, "lower": -0.46707785015034975, "upper": 0.10196368570330963 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.24365126876447088, "se": 0.1256059889467517, "pvalue": 0.05344845919853423, "lower": -0.4909470998819584, "upper": 0.003644562353016606 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.03364958939606624, "se": 0.1358541825141564, "pvalue": 0.8045639828636285, "lower": -0.30112228920393613, "upper": 0.23382311041180362 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.049431286690590236, "se": 0.07094561308772107, "pvalue": 0.4865615215819402, "lower": -0.1891105687040089, "upper": 0.09024799532282843 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.02788612926717052, "se": 0.07059874404055133, "pvalue": 0.6931598263456166, "lower": -0.16688248787838472, "upper": 0.11111022934404369 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.08742926132698159, "se": 0.09081353908656303, "pvalue": 0.33654576281512893, "lower": -0.26622495262680174, "upper": 0.09136642997283856 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.306000009922149, "se": 0.10975427489457727, "pvalue": 0.0056809652367251036, "lower": 0.08991338175780308, "upper": 0.5220866380864949 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.5239601026711217, "se": 0.11053770537631255, "pvalue": 3.4659799090192444e-06, "lower": 0.3063310393591521, "upper": 0.7415891659830913 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.4445981419424631, "se": 0.12566839628702697, "pvalue": 0.0004749816879904384, "lower": 0.19717944188209627, "upper": 0.69201684200283 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.4067808920605702, "se": 0.1571193264097051, "pvalue": 0.010149492149429897, "lower": 0.0974409096686506, "upper": 0.7161208744524898 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.6293747307810339, "se": 0.18702786097536198, "pvalue": 0.0008765247292848528, "lower": 0.26115016832298604, "upper": 0.9975992932390818 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.4310972953376795, "se": 0.2995162399098224, "pvalue": 0.1512247826938508, "lower": -0.158596859397924, "upper": 1.020791450073283 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 ], "weights": [ 0.2570093457943925, 0.24766355140186916, 0.14485981308411214, 0.13551401869158877, 0.1308411214953271, 0.07009345794392523, 0.009345794392523364, 0.004672897196261682 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 3.6600258490615545e-08, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 7.316163963348418e-16 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.26828422883779707, "df_num": 21, "df_den": 2424, "pvalue": 0.9996434964466455, "log10_pvalue": -0.0001548551308433323, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2884, "design_columns": 120, "restricted_design_columns": 99, "fixed_effect_rank": 340, "covariance_rank": 21, "rss_unrestricted": 932.34792132448, "rss_restricted": 934.5149259056278, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 4, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_5,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_8,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.6.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.870028758422061 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -1.1915234141959015 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.3027499136795471 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.1607458672802427 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.037503192982434486 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.5962445025108208 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.5939945578344833 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.5527704370517902 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.5653094554666052 }, { "event_time": 6.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.5714455586357724 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.7244675488423366 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -1.3750719791258312 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -1.0702590486854007 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.23409180246846853 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.4677721660447955 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.16834612326465323 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.6964505996323898 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.4486403401115861 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.5126097062875333 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.11345460164623206 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.07250761834227248 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.6969447565550834 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.9998461038764657 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.3054398036631718 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.18749058134262755 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.04848089130705024 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.0286863425805194 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.8757267965311875 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.18131944981408435 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.2950445757961825 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.45658473455090315 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.8085733803040634 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -1.7546797800669078 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -1.2402726019200072 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.9859550259931393 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.3985658372511941 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.15782125441386846 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.2330132690221542 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.3354921161039762 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.127010525071947 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.8458234850025419 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.7819662049468381 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.2680932649371632 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.5372527627980175 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.3216198500104168 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.5908567755591321 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.2829552122385999 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.5792593233464681 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.0569807439511084 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.43585148354309605 }, { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.9846486856707417 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.29104459853504705 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.7103542105015588 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.9332501066983856 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -1.4690452450298923 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -1.0380808163146478 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.7802802167793881 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.35781508705679205 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.2967629029252831 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.31755550617931017 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.3861687977065424 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -0.013133319819481404 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.06486728971318473 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "538c06b81a46a104838d662d6e6489d0d2daa7f680fd234049f28c97c87ef555" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P052", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T1-PB-SPILLS-C5", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P052.json", "input_bytes": 495488, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": "archive_time_fe", "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p052", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-T1-PB-SPILLS-C5", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T1-PB-SPILLS-C5", "specification_id": "S22-P052", "data": "analyses/full-archive/prepared/S22-P052.parquet", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P052" }, "source": { "file": "S22-P052.parquet", "bytes": 68767, "sha256": "73a9a1d80fc3fb55abe0ed75e95b40bb92123ae54be97cfd9279631c23e86940" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3183, "source_sd": 9.624386552239383, "rows": 2662, "units": 249, "clusters": 249, "treated_units": 43, "never_treated_units": 206, "treated_cohorts": 8, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2662, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 41, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 38, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 238 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": 0.29588760263791564, "se": 0.1917331060707312, "pvalue": 0.1240508719730999, "lower": -0.0817452550731062, "upper": 0.6735204603489375 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": 0.43529061304913763, "se": 0.13411917362086384, "pvalue": 0.0013336717024928935, "lower": 0.171132754001033, "upper": 0.6994484720972423 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": 0.3484182796883605, "se": 0.17770618837251773, "pvalue": 0.051040105063505606, "lower": -0.0015875024288430906, "upper": 0.698424061805564 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": 0.45520704034638326, "se": 0.12384148445717542, "pvalue": 0.00029070237090490433, "lower": 0.21129186765061608, "upper": 0.6991222130421504 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.09487376078495102, "se": 0.4286101173835557, "pvalue": 0.8250004112241948, "lower": -0.749306291311523, "upper": 0.9390538128814251 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.2838444724503102, "se": 0.1912963566642381, "pvalue": 0.1391332439323812, "lower": -0.0929281742629472, "upper": 0.6606171191635676 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.32108676464532276, "se": 0.19569329672904584, "pvalue": 0.10211377639235233, "lower": -0.06434598817003306, "upper": 0.7065195174606786 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.6432018663345777, "se": 0.27290712917252874, "pvalue": 0.01920869847847356, "lower": 0.10569062901537318, "upper": 1.1807131036537821 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.3638527004935014, "se": 0.18890649452195793, "pvalue": 0.05523500641392669, "lower": -0.00821293192879824, "upper": 0.735918332915801 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.23201558750050968, "se": 0.25321975176061434, "pvalue": 0.3604197009789248, "lower": -0.2667198705844398, "upper": 0.7307510455854592 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.21984192057529575, "se": 0.16735715449972913, "pvalue": 0.19019163080509988, "lower": -0.5494644975381031, "upper": 0.10978065638751164 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.1591295757478191, "se": 0.21155152453027673, "pvalue": 0.45264264202483534, "lower": -0.2575371564544976, "upper": 0.5757963079501358 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.06385034076156122, "se": 0.08531456387366806, "pvalue": 0.454921577595807, "lower": -0.10418314714374378, "upper": 0.23188382866686624 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.21379412503025716, "se": 0.0776145542075906, "pvalue": 0.006312565733160771, "lower": 0.06092638869594391, "upper": 0.3666618613645704 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.2694341641943078, "se": 0.12205495338205366, "pvalue": 0.028196409504956995, "lower": 0.029037699608546907, "upper": 0.5098306287800687 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.4103167077905384, "se": 0.19844751081543716, "pvalue": 0.039711854258950456, "lower": 0.019459321965752174, "upper": 0.8011740936153247 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.6845686067621588, "se": 0.2074799179785324, "pvalue": 0.0011109995325547818, "lower": 0.27592121169530226, "upper": 1.0932160018290153 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.7356113926471435, "se": 0.21688614716913862, "pvalue": 0.0008082469078747388, "lower": 0.3084377175740418, "upper": 1.1627850677202451 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.8967791018048066, "se": 0.2258766600298969, "pvalue": 9.41105467421999e-05, "lower": 0.45189793148754315, "upper": 1.34166027212207 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.43920703288502605, "se": 0.15772101926323895, "pvalue": 0.005770872590558813, "lower": 0.12856355327905827, "upper": 0.7498505124909938 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.5472056571834315, "se": 0.19643778918049531, "pvalue": 0.005754763102321788, "lower": 0.16030657016139238, "upper": 0.9341047442054706 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.00043134019639276533, "se": 0.18521310124435283, "pvalue": 0.9981436917292306, "lower": -0.3652225551398551, "upper": 0.3643598747470696 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.022728483925460417, "se": 0.055814379641595, "pvalue": 0.6842009310815341, "lower": -0.08720215933886907, "upper": 0.1326591271897899 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.03191161900290475, "se": 0.04536617141181289, "pvalue": 0.4824518889234061, "lower": -0.057440487708030105, "upper": 0.1212637257138396 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.22152009563021618, "se": 0.09786327758171898, "pvalue": 0.024465483130293994, "lower": 0.028770966721210045, "upper": 0.4142692245392223 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.05058196716805141, "se": 0.0327768712006227, "pvalue": 0.12405211325778158, "lower": -0.01397456035073337, "upper": 0.11513849468683619 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.07784444851777277, "se": 0.07746364709897956, "pvalue": 0.31591684140938114, "lower": -0.07472606484946105, "upper": 0.2304149618850066 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.2052780230884987, "se": 0.04798039380743692, "pvalue": 2.69013338463018e-05, "lower": -0.29977903858301874, "upper": -0.1107770075939787 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.02255682489320909, "se": 0.05558912184228144, "pvalue": 0.6852558309550417, "lower": -0.08693015609380302, "upper": 0.1320438058802212 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.03353117744448571, "se": 0.04457968333759982, "pvalue": 0.45266646850052017, "lower": -0.12133423639258321, "upper": 0.0542718815036118 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.04606538290032654, "se": 0.049870446927787214, "pvalue": 0.35653983791566807, "lower": -0.1442890010047485, "upper": 0.052158235204095446 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.03530759952691812, "se": 0.13643506371957934, "pvalue": 0.7960143683919065, "lower": -0.2334115802760903, "upper": 0.30402677932992656 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.06762549626237234, "se": 0.1676853844218532, "pvalue": 0.6870838724927285, "lower": -0.26264355436384224, "upper": 0.39789454688858694 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.38374620752936617, "se": 0.2456941188826698, "pvalue": 0.11958998853766008, "lower": -0.10016694726105568, "upper": 0.867659362319788 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.7169382611810258, "se": 0.25114326606879134, "pvalue": 0.0046721431587463886, "lower": 0.22229259875979374, "upper": 1.2115839236022579 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.7638127340278906, "se": 0.2536337879788761, "pvalue": 0.0028685734178991334, "lower": 0.26426180028773333, "upper": 1.263363667768048 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 1.0675168471657237, "se": 0.33662657575802835, "pvalue": 0.0017091608932141545, "lower": 0.40450533918919085, "upper": 1.7305283551422566 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.14979916038278504, "se": 0.1464445458683132, "pvalue": 0.3073485429898048, "lower": -0.13863445176577463, "upper": 0.43823277253134474 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.23338603749897957, "se": 0.22588756667017487, "pvalue": 0.30251885488943836, "lower": -0.21151661427143825, "upper": 0.6782886892693973 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.09526064288417337, "se": 0.2192186002941424, "pvalue": 0.6642695968305642, "lower": -0.3365069750771598, "upper": 0.5270282608455066 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.08268141199614387, "se": 0.1854013027605159, "pvalue": 0.6560158290814982, "lower": -0.28248048007152876, "upper": 0.4478433040638165 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.05681358586190763, "se": 0.17253438485696088, "pvalue": 0.7422155740475045, "lower": -0.2830059379657174, "upper": 0.3966331096895326 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.5330318244006885, "se": 0.301481943204533, "pvalue": 0.07828388678809031, "lower": -0.060759670942844846, "upper": 1.126823319744222 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.2974608338206577, "se": 0.14843200393278688, "pvalue": 0.046155370371660384, "lower": 0.0051127726557078645, "upper": 0.5898088949856075 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.2080072725250779, "se": 0.21926255187993293, "pvalue": 0.3437132207438163, "lower": -0.22384691140956658, "upper": 0.6398614564597224 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.24065069562614683, "se": 0.16146166837572085, "pvalue": 0.1373764499850542, "lower": -0.558661666652817, "upper": 0.07736027540052337 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.15498863688337639, "se": 0.19361520515167233, "pvalue": 0.42418833848860765, "lower": -0.22635115735517913, "upper": 0.5363284311219318 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.0757375136749737, "se": 0.09789899899214387, "pvalue": 0.4398869671605611, "lower": -0.11708197125431849, "upper": 0.26855699860426585 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.18715890595205062, "se": 0.07305774234844224, "pvalue": 0.011005436822505427, "lower": 0.043266155313670646, "upper": 0.33105165659043057 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.22931937782474215, "se": 0.11300274690446462, "pvalue": 0.04349317542247549, "lower": 0.00675191872883707, "upper": 0.45188683692064724 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.5077811905966987, "se": 0.16738915905318588, "pvalue": 0.0026739521640862618, "lower": 0.1780955782445977, "upper": 0.8374668029487997 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.7991503076836228, "se": 0.18510531455768958, "pvalue": 2.2849644181699046e-05, "lower": 0.4345713867739974, "upper": 1.1637292285932483 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.8408439692942451, "se": 0.1917881062804554, "pvalue": 1.7206238072230862e-05, "lower": 0.46310278450920617, "upper": 1.218585154079284 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.9257462026741226, "se": 0.24906468019116054, "pvalue": 0.000249322493234897, "lower": 0.4351944723914432, "upper": 1.416297932956802 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.11435667223839227, "se": 0.24820661595860702, "pvalue": 0.6453948191043201, "lower": -0.3745050356226023, "upper": 0.6032183800993869 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.13314912217655273, "se": 0.4634502731296038, "pvalue": 0.7741227670749572, "lower": -0.779651252445879, "upper": 1.0459494967989844 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 ], "weights": [ 0.26380368098159507, 0.25153374233128833, 0.1411042944785276, 0.12883435582822086, 0.12269938650306748, 0.0736196319018405, 0.012269938650306749, 0.006134969325153374 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 3.181788166273236e-12, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 1.788112691104045e-14 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.41918928629529867, "df_num": 21, "df_den": 1953, "pvalue": 0.9905191040017244, "log10_pvalue": -0.004137143868471581, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2662, "design_columns": 120, "restricted_design_columns": 99, "fixed_effect_rank": 589, "covariance_rank": 21, "rss_unrestricted": 616.7185834460862, "rss_restricted": 619.4983879927508, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 4, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_5,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_8,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.6.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.16982011928341867 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.37496601365142135 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.029221916419538252 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.31386489918264926 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.1416192489035901 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.7405653280068998 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.1610537499211157 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.02738930078455594 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.2534629337068467 }, { "event_time": 6.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.29315213232784154 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.1582195339516556 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.9254826147213575 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.28315375343833094 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.4102586146154291 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.7171046532379541 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.8016945340771937 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 1.5269085653326135 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 1.0096805577995978 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.8611804509182346 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.8879126893977539 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 1.105426969086759 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.3372521285119863 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.11140105341075512 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.999255224270521 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.13937128939205773 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.6420002076069419 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.4415336738584734 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 1.1610912664211597 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.5633405261378577 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.4494569114707348 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.3589113985802192 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.23828868870147962 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -1.889202264147825 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.535301987264077 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.07720389404421588 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.38872641666392244 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.6257267605329615 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.2796996743275013 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 1.361300297986563 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.37823088947406863 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.3400128514007253 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.23071056967239745 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.25510355099720755 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.9826459419130502 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.6840851515424311 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.28859114476340353 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.01786158206052324 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.4538093875380489 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.17629029278030842 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.44666670349208815 }, { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.14038595358427236 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.8119570684182993 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.9843069549721581 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.20482040163047135 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.7065173086928505 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.44697958521512504 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.15761818765639446 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.2745218968014796 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.03228625653537753 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.13804383008533544 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.9746002223465888 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.18296879177873515 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.045462119227911435 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "538c06b81a46a104838d662d6e6489d0d2daa7f680fd234049f28c97c87ef555" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P053", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T1-PC-THEFT-C1", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Table 1 panel C column 1; exact duplicate also plotted in Main-text Figure 4 (controls=none, simultaneous shocks=none, added FE=none, treatment=DI+NNPC, sample=full)", "outcome_label": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "Local participation (DI+NNPC): binary indicator equal to one from the earliest observed year of indigenous Nigerian ownership or operatorship onward; explicitly recoded as absorbing", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; 314 fields; published N=3183", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P053.json", "input_bytes": 61971, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": {}, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p053", "specification_id": "S22-P053", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T1-PC-THEFT-C1", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "data": "analyses/full-archive/prepared/S22-P053.parquet", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P053" }, "source": { "file": "S22-P053.parquet", "bytes": 61971, "sha256": "91ce9d6722698c6954384c36956e3d8ad55dff6830e5e199733ccd1b3f1ff32c" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3183, "source_sd": 19.5457132368174, "rows": 2895, "units": 271, "clusters": 271, "treated_units": 56, "never_treated_units": 215, "treated_cohorts": 8, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2895, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 38, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 5 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.26277336841551135, "se": 0.04284571205178576, "pvalue": 3.052828828440111e-09, "lower": -0.3471275359357392, "upper": -0.17841920089528351 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.26316853189357936, "se": 0.08325843329195179, "pvalue": 0.0017522084032272143, "lower": -0.4270868213338945, "upper": -0.09925024245326425 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.2625794300417683, "se": 0.042526644199050744, "pvalue": 2.4272392894714716e-09, "lower": -0.3463054202763112, "upper": -0.1788534398072254 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.21330251090649066, "se": 0.05102302454877255, "pvalue": 3.9335260761983765e-05, "lower": -0.3137560814988942, "upper": -0.1128489403140871 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -1.7150493471027288, "se": 0.4794510553775129, "pvalue": 0.00041161302657522994, "lower": -2.658987321436828, "upper": -0.7711113727686295 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.09298274758445654, "se": 0.16390492672097703, "pvalue": 0.5709838794067205, "lower": -0.4156769679372657, "upper": 0.2297114727683526 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.2575649572847214, "se": 0.14356374537804267, "pvalue": 0.07391902032188649, "lower": -0.5402116831184214, "upper": 0.025081768548978645 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.21227566185015295, "se": 0.14979293896791, "pvalue": 0.1575985684531963, "lower": -0.5071863556384641, "upper": 0.08263503193815819 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.015073713509485769, "se": 0.12262564025812744, "pvalue": 0.9022582182679364, "lower": -0.2564977278450849, "upper": 0.22635030082611335 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.013844996506742271, "se": 0.11202044400028652, "pvalue": 0.9017291099316013, "lower": -0.2066996238620218, "upper": 0.23438961687550636 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.0015480945126246151, "se": 0.11473488509349215, "pvalue": 0.9892445967526989, "lower": -0.22434068768085852, "upper": 0.22743687670610774 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.056113522560075624, "se": 0.10702002232599235, "pvalue": 0.600481069169705, "lower": -0.26681336763194724, "upper": 0.154586322511796 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.08363083262484731, "se": 0.09139862121589078, "pvalue": 0.36100179097292456, "lower": -0.09631376943578672, "upper": 0.26357543468548134 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.2786195638084107, "se": 0.09722084717741133, "pvalue": 0.0044863286051964706, "lower": -0.47002690042472484, "upper": -0.08721222719209654 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.24847344169736554, "se": 0.09353372982181604, "pvalue": 0.00836533868692708, "lower": -0.43262162214176914, "upper": -0.06432526125296198 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.43097877342416574, "se": 0.09064385220227643, "pvalue": 3.2381491844869204e-06, "lower": -0.6094373945367751, "upper": -0.25252015231155633 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.3451238707631023, "se": 0.0951080663171416, "pvalue": 0.0003405328274167845, "lower": -0.5323715876161759, "upper": -0.15787615391002877 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.16166351455193267, "se": 0.08991817431849033, "pvalue": 0.07331061863494791, "lower": -0.33869342901355615, "upper": 0.01536639990969077 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.0020436311834366333, "se": 0.1042685944908071, "pvalue": 0.9843771942973217, "lower": -0.20323923297215302, "upper": 0.2073264953390263 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.09960165337727983, "se": 0.11300018943537697, "pvalue": 0.37886959119617547, "lower": -0.3220751858028422, "upper": 0.12287187904828256 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.04059846788301667, "se": 0.07798967141042934, "pvalue": 0.6030984605164658, "lower": -0.19414367677233152, "upper": 0.11294674100629819 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -1.5636397238671187, "se": 0.4561905274395547, "pvalue": 0.000703932976648284, "lower": -2.4617826261548967, "upper": -0.6654968215793408 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.000811352981962359, "se": 0.0826023079192191, "pvalue": 0.9921702375945453, "lower": -0.16343786999149446, "upper": 0.16181516402756974 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.16577541648223637, "se": 0.061985238724493255, "pvalue": 0.007942187824391036, "lower": -0.2878112739987948, "upper": -0.04373955896567794 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.12595093146299757, "se": 0.06700089313017447, "pvalue": 0.06120664944180729, "lower": -0.25786155431077584, "upper": 0.0059596913847806965 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.04003554213338759, "se": 0.046552744158464644, "pvalue": 0.3905498510388232, "lower": -0.05161698950205678, "upper": 0.13168807376883196 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.05322916342360244, "se": 0.03690836893517296, "pvalue": 0.15040557460501616, "lower": -0.01943562814977487, "upper": 0.12589395499697975 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.04032538939220013, "se": 0.056872425092336074, "pvalue": 0.47890527652509624, "lower": -0.07164441677468267, "upper": 0.15229519555908294 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.027048829504902488, "se": 0.04736991207177526, "pvalue": 0.5684658753812507, "lower": -0.12031019235706801, "upper": 0.06621253334726303 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.0961610295948014, "se": 0.07818436181219289, "pvalue": 0.219795169088131, "lower": -0.057767483620162055, "upper": 0.25008954280976486 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": 0.012685987711267893, "se": 0.07725142115906225, "pvalue": 0.869683274802603, "lower": -0.13940576218778908, "upper": 0.16477773761032485 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.2518083279101221, "se": 0.048202612533416074, "pvalue": 3.5050484824084554e-07, "lower": -0.34670910228964236, "upper": -0.15690755353060182 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.22494809260505708, "se": 0.044915386459675063, "pvalue": 9.933074591756754e-07, "lower": -0.31337701237830873, "upper": -0.13651917283180545 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.46127996955405176, "se": 0.07799004006242087, "pvalue": 1.0034688956141812e-08, "lower": -0.6148259042413604, "upper": -0.3077340348667431 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.37232413214858545, "se": 0.07765558440250674, "pvalue": 2.6970132134811746e-06, "lower": -0.5252115942043648, "upper": -0.21943667009280607 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.16867276703730727, "se": 0.0574194726919583, "pvalue": 0.0035936435253539193, "lower": -0.2817195945127471, "upper": -0.05562593956186743 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.015400834179404403, "se": 0.07801339445133462, "pvalue": 0.8436531322193562, "lower": -0.1689927487312181, "upper": 0.1381910803724093 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.19396163814424675, "se": 0.07741571454993142, "pvalue": 0.012818491342706522, "lower": -0.34637684706760685, "upper": -0.04154642922088664 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.1310991800185346, "se": 0.024693138473057825, "pvalue": 2.3018865409713873e-07, "lower": -0.17971475995892416, "upper": -0.08248360007814504 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -1.4385349628937227, "se": 0.501096525473083, "pvalue": 0.004418992418269143, "lower": -2.4250883011244224, "upper": -0.45198162466302305 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.06808425599868553, "se": 0.21984397571882805, "pvalue": 0.7570329061558638, "lower": -0.5009106619103127, "upper": 0.36474214991294174 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.3747949357146033, "se": 0.21441324307068374, "pvalue": 0.08160022816235092, "lower": -0.796929374808047, "upper": 0.047339503378840464 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.30936387102054785, "se": 0.20519675372703372, "pvalue": 0.13281454906274812, "lower": -0.713352987074361, "upper": 0.0946252450332653 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.03217464940435777, "se": 0.1407222479924693, "pvalue": 0.8193222795271181, "lower": -0.30922706637977015, "upper": 0.24487776757105462 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.013157541204201432, "se": 0.11509567226755171, "pvalue": 0.9090704418491864, "lower": -0.21344155481678878, "upper": 0.23975663722519164 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.00253078402911866, "se": 0.09710880469843829, "pvalue": 0.9792276767094595, "lower": -0.18865596458461426, "upper": 0.19371753264285158 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.05403818126565327, "se": 0.09249536323537016, "pvalue": 0.559556179133603, "lower": -0.23614203697402267, "upper": 0.12806567444271613 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.09082865831000124, "se": 0.0720704742995848, "pvalue": 0.20865807660058064, "lower": -0.05106290028940981, "upper": 0.2327202169094123 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.2699898218599776, "se": 0.0925710614756359, "pvalue": 0.0038364062484908734, "lower": -0.45224271143275435, "upper": -0.08773693228720086 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.23339871862236305, "se": 0.09249556684172981, "pvalue": 0.0121987088150043, "lower": -0.4155029751886981, "upper": -0.051294462056028 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.39428313615168165, "se": 0.06962627060871728, "pvalue": 3.80477052514792e-08, "lower": -0.5313625733573859, "upper": -0.2572036989459774 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.22947181299255182, "se": 0.060640358346395834, "pvalue": 0.00019002651208345576, "lower": -0.3488598847850317, "upper": -0.1100837412000719 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.03971458813381404, "se": 0.04782776649212874, "pvalue": 0.40706506784916163, "lower": -0.1338773697423698, "upper": 0.05444819347474171 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.0866747599157276, "se": 0.05943167533601351, "pvalue": 0.14589440565783313, "lower": -0.030333670035034024, "upper": 0.2036831898664892 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.03169022817296774, "se": 0.08050016649933382, "pvalue": 0.6941378874708396, "lower": -0.1901780722326866, "upper": 0.12679761588675112 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.055681752189846605, "se": 0.03392824198512988, "pvalue": 0.1019280380315399, "lower": -0.12247930254030667, "upper": 0.01111579816061347 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 ], "weights": [ 0.25339366515837103, 0.24434389140271492, 0.14479638009049775, 0.13574660633484162, 0.13122171945701358, 0.07239819004524888, 0.013574660633484163, 0.004524886877828055 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 5.551115123125783e-17, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": 5.551115123125783e-17, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 6.652894784920672e-16 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.7989365812517548, "df_num": 21, "df_den": 2534, "pvalue": 0.7240551444770145, "log10_pvalue": -0.14022835641325537, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2895, "design_columns": 80, "restricted_design_columns": 59, "fixed_effect_rank": 281, "covariance_rank": 21, "rss_unrestricted": 854.4163209923026, "rss_restricted": 860.0734297309156, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 4, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ -0.007102272727272724, -0.07741477272727278, 0.0014204545454545336, 0.005681818181818184, -0.029474431818181795, -0.02911931818181818 ], [ 0.0007102272726244227, 0.0007647330866539602, -0.07611103770263562, 0.0017573995771377996, 0.009536590468599053, -0.02499504492605062 ], [ 0.0007102272726244227, 0.008516671071150082, 0.0014083421423255948, -0.07576198026782341, 0.005660621476351029, 0.013764644996430079 ], [ 0.0007102272726244227, 0.008516671071150082, 0.009160280126821723, 0.0017573995771377965, -0.07185875836861025, 0.009888676004182025 ], [ 0.0007102272717775185, 0.008516671070929346, 0.009160280126589766, 0.009509337561393404, 0.0057369952492610015, -0.06680332129765942 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_5,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_8,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.6.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -1.6763581584424905 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.07096043814585107 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.14395614302253001 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.06287780761682593 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.19594368758588332 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.09414052903623382 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.20487196770099192 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.22128921067701102 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.44072043780235504 }, { "event_time": 6.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.38472252976809934 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.11702998511261384 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -2.0600443689544936 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.2731822186555124 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.17141402587533155 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.05396355936046626 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.05964522400576816 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.16529483959230395 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.15683778116744773 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.4061081332197455 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.8430619824332417 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.8891431722167648 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.02885283721828913 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -1.9116583267884635 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.17251030171877613 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.1774767211148749 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.11185049141821812 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.13381046202419755 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.24227354359727288 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.3398139895933391 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.7975676559962595 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 1.444530767989564 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.7086130834350239 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.11942334661700438 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -1.7305964391733144 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.09153503157354813 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.263677728832763 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.28161513802310795 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.22767763069553124 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.22174757371313064 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.572705348647304 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.8063787146166811 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.8121614467929348 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.0657865180861328 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.6454460572824618 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -3.5583436506896153 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.8395281453054626 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.6720753744250358 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.5949658202793406 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.3215970858264603 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.3630477546105801 }, { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.9976586659281548 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.16653346029377314 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.6546710944578362 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.31987974676926034 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.3180064988122836 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -2.1953354561355516 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.5573046119495336 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.2598717716395948 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.3406645691136091 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.07213162914687232 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 1.266837736549314 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 1.4427475658545217 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -0.9710734792556187 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "b42dd52795225c55faa7af833b12a94304ddde96f066412b80dea4620c4bcc24", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "538c06b81a46a104838d662d6e6489d0d2daa7f680fd234049f28c97c87ef555" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P054", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T1-PC-THEFT-C2", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P054.json", "input_bytes": 492632, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p054", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-T1-PC-THEFT-C2", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T1-PC-THEFT-C2", "specification_id": "S22-P054", "data": "repl-archives/twfe-microdata-replication-private/outputs/expansion_nigerian_oil_2026_10_06/validation/native_inputs/REXER-T1-PC-THEFT-C2.csv", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P054" }, "source": { "file": "REXER-T1-PC-THEFT-C2.csv", "bytes": 492632, "sha256": "2c8c0d50ba5e581bde7574b5db49397c24d3c14543d2022e868e56663f343b46" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3183, "source_sd": 19.5457132368174, "rows": 2895, "units": 271, "clusters": 271, "treated_units": 56, "never_treated_units": 215, "treated_cohorts": 8, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2895, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 38, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 5 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.31697833977317097, "se": 0.05435043811509917, "pvalue": 1.5601055703248952e-08, "lower": -0.4239828856660608, "upper": -0.20997379388028115 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.23090299510406848, "se": 0.09895993949422112, "pvalue": 0.020367012223273386, "lower": -0.42573423758167406, "upper": -0.036071752626462894 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.3178133735559098, "se": 0.05497355196199559, "pvalue": 2.0440339963803575e-08, "lower": -0.42604469914992216, "upper": -0.2095820479618974 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.22634360501738188, "se": 0.06693227616892165, "pvalue": 0.0008270315892806514, "lower": -0.35811913554513397, "upper": -0.09456807448962978 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.7777380252622962, "se": 0.5047315783901829, "pvalue": 0.12451365615393267, "lower": -1.7714480157699688, "upper": 0.21597196524537632 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.1506642833006164, "se": 0.21454803922841612, "pvalue": 0.48313424603740773, "lower": -0.2717355409883563, "upper": 0.5730641075895891 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.1373121548331462, "se": 0.17585526384135125, "pvalue": 0.4355895824180896, "lower": -0.48353406771576657, "upper": 0.20890975804947418 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.06350161608251065, "se": 0.18449561774467313, "pvalue": 0.7309710310266285, "lower": -0.2997313307097327, "upper": 0.426734562874754 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.20691506040380492, "se": 0.14626287378679917, "pvalue": 0.15831473865857543, "lower": -0.08104567980957589, "upper": 0.4948758006171857 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.13802968458350984, "se": 0.12303500060447851, "pvalue": 0.2629130194176653, "lower": -0.10420027390795952, "upper": 0.38025964307497917 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.051512544187892216, "se": 0.11901461905931805, "pvalue": 0.6654871866383772, "lower": -0.18280213125388015, "upper": 0.28582721962966456 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.015457592635695327, "se": 0.11023957775836699, "pvalue": 0.8885921553263679, "lower": -0.20158087782662235, "upper": 0.232496063098013 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.18612429502850514, "se": 0.10750453180911775, "pvalue": 0.0845377589093349, "lower": -0.025529446994718347, "upper": 0.39777803705172865 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.24154923865189712, "se": 0.10765058809557221, "pvalue": 0.025654205678679612, "lower": -0.453490534688462, "upper": -0.029607942615332228 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.22210319563082553, "se": 0.12654549809436044, "pvalue": 0.08037202018529667, "lower": -0.47124458304155115, "upper": 0.027038191779900106 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.447382994788624, "se": 0.12132143336088629, "pvalue": 0.0002736755650949274, "lower": -0.6862393009027341, "upper": -0.2085266886745138 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.3240149040852606, "se": 0.10893261194690806, "pvalue": 0.0032005872024560627, "lower": -0.5384802346060653, "upper": -0.109549573564456 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.09710387535078394, "se": 0.09886655337317779, "pvalue": 0.32689480867766285, "lower": -0.29175126025848774, "upper": 0.09754350955691984 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.0698843458356253, "se": 0.10549804366521782, "pvalue": 0.5082651090720157, "lower": -0.1378190443574474, "upper": 0.277587736028698 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.10333588222079455, "se": 0.09878872233964467, "pvalue": 0.29648311828722, "lower": -0.09115826980253121, "upper": 0.2978300342441203 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.08467382849418241, "se": 0.08628753409801797, "pvalue": 0.3273240289093943, "lower": -0.2545557783475099, "upper": 0.08520812135914511 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.7547254616962498, "se": 0.45920415386401364, "pvalue": 0.10143289372997406, "lower": -1.658801558604412, "upper": 0.1493506352119126 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.07533354491145432, "se": 0.09847638644677588, "pvalue": 0.4449450524482833, "lower": -0.11854568363486657, "upper": 0.2692127734577752 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.15233010500980076, "se": 0.06817385454132527, "pvalue": 0.026272954919056363, "lower": -0.28655004140688795, "upper": -0.018110168612713584 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.0013987766326323322, "se": 0.06546678322516253, "pvalue": 0.9829693140902561, "lower": -0.12749150747587124, "upper": 0.1302890607411359 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.11021343399097205, "se": 0.04924133473239601, "pvalue": 0.02602141182983596, "lower": 0.01326763474936453, "upper": 0.20715923323257956 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.04957220390667106, "se": 0.03737155461990283, "pvalue": 0.18580530989553465, "lower": -0.024004502557873224, "upper": 0.12314891037121534 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.026826253279339664, "se": 0.04685678018382837, "pvalue": 0.5674489088692186, "lower": -0.11907736770376226, "upper": 0.06542486114508292 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.058814258870882694, "se": 0.042041217868652475, "pvalue": 0.1629706870650261, "lower": -0.1415845470752282, "upper": 0.023956029333462803 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.09818589214071123, "se": 0.07522241020578971, "pvalue": 0.1929106181300963, "lower": -0.04991116326836127, "upper": 0.24628294754978375 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.06865632321002943, "se": 0.07787525242121003, "pvalue": 0.37876688531949193, "lower": -0.22197626524947994, "upper": 0.08466361882942108 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.32209966208007507, "se": 0.05812478917245135, "pvalue": 7.123452325192334e-08, "lower": -0.4365351088992284, "upper": -0.20766421526092174 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.2892531817867087, "se": 0.07952416292546367, "pvalue": 0.00032994966452946147, "lower": -0.445819480724921, "upper": -0.13268688284849645 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.574082610760386, "se": 0.11583696646962188, "pvalue": 1.2723482419119486e-06, "lower": -0.8021411586683613, "upper": -0.3460240628524107 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.4325776721425977, "se": 0.09297425749405942, "pvalue": 5.138516133586767e-06, "lower": -0.6156243696100939, "upper": -0.2495309746751014 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.18786092904836502, "se": 0.056244748719121315, "pvalue": 0.0009556714384005535, "lower": -0.2985949728623979, "upper": -0.07712688523433217 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.003534689410696578, "se": 0.06181679882368906, "pvalue": 0.9544440400094336, "lower": -0.1181695454783197, "upper": 0.12523892429971287 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.05440125600876475, "se": 0.07136337902465803, "pvalue": 0.44653843864398407, "lower": -0.08609818117597959, "upper": 0.19490069319350908 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.00332081047416255, "se": 0.05161256838386967, "pvalue": 0.948746221890805, "lower": -0.1049350684969954, "upper": 0.0982934475486703 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.7744281891722133, "se": 0.5298724476083555, "pvalue": 0.14503096184080067, "lower": -1.817635246995995, "upper": 0.2687788686515684 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.39088332718578966, "se": 0.283411930216432, "pvalue": 0.16897271065833533, "lower": -0.16709496968118032, "upper": 0.9488616240527596 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.0868558689407723, "se": 0.26821399267033796, "pvalue": 0.7463170698506064, "lower": -0.6149126332124695, "upper": 0.44120089533092494 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.1396131159302461, "se": 0.25205083257556005, "pvalue": 0.5800998597728089, "lower": -0.35662179618870266, "upper": 0.6358480280491949 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.25098252625494566, "se": 0.17818594444916744, "pvalue": 0.1601208951972823, "lower": -0.09982800502174527, "upper": 0.6017930575316366 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.15850020701852402, "se": 0.13440818510733926, "pvalue": 0.23933862828225788, "lower": -0.1061211522654732, "upper": 0.42312156630252123 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.047799487373284114, "se": 0.11595927813749009, "pvalue": 0.6805131403604849, "lower": -0.18049986640363236, "upper": 0.2760988411502006 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.010479189702604048, "se": 0.11216072337926442, "pvalue": 0.9256311552245975, "lower": -0.21034161116748143, "upper": 0.23129999057268955 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.2400446531102026, "se": 0.08729999726013567, "pvalue": 0.006368705440874878, "lower": 0.06816937689828614, "upper": 0.41191992932211907 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.21477712569450025, "se": 0.10425331459325506, "pvalue": 0.04034275352381738, "lower": -0.42002990695553466, "upper": -0.009524344433465809 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.17764838206719855, "se": 0.12565552577745154, "pvalue": 0.15858052724462035, "lower": -0.4250376017506575, "upper": 0.06974083761626046 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.5579079062350836, "se": 0.10354872792083808, "pvalue": 1.5534575267083188e-07, "lower": -0.7617735049905328, "upper": -0.3540423074796344 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.3416797034602842, "se": 0.064434527348785, "pvalue": 2.3760931372539096e-07, "lower": -0.46853769353165176, "upper": -0.21482171338891662 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.0945867850192456, "se": 0.05226101071119872, "pvalue": 0.07142435243103683, "lower": -0.19747768917741654, "upper": 0.008304119138925342 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.09657805820132892, "se": 0.05518542599754961, "pvalue": 0.08124312098397045, "lower": -0.012070402667893956, "upper": 0.20522651907055178 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.24461619847777308, "se": 0.06444077881166826, "pvalue": 0.0001816199298707338, "lower": 0.11774590059491052, "upper": 0.37148649636063563 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.16595830391407895, "se": 0.06786667138864474, "pvalue": 0.01510999988739389, "lower": 0.03234314633568161, "upper": 0.2995734614924763 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 ], "weights": [ 0.25339366515837103, 0.24434389140271492, 0.14479638009049775, 0.13574660633484162, 0.13122171945701358, 0.07239819004524888, 0.013574660633484163, 0.004524886877828055 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 3.6553571974851096e-08, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 7.94014199406639e-16 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 1.7138822403434415, "df_num": 21, "df_den": 2494, "pvalue": 0.022610883654263465, "log10_pvalue": -1.6456824646926116, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2895, "design_columns": 120, "restricted_design_columns": 99, "fixed_effect_rank": 281, "covariance_rank": 21, "rss_unrestricted": 715.8992736312113, "rss_restricted": 726.2305920233433, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 4, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ -0.007102272727272724, -0.07741477272727278, 0.0014204545454545336, 0.005681818181818184, -0.029474431818181795, -0.02911931818181818 ], [ 0.0007102272726244227, 0.0007647330866539602, -0.07611103770263562, 0.0017573995771377996, 0.009536590468599053, -0.02499504492605062 ], [ 0.0007102272726244227, 0.008516671071150082, 0.0014083421423255948, -0.07576198026782341, 0.005660621476351029, 0.013764644996430079 ], [ 0.0007102272726244227, 0.008516671071150082, 0.009160280126821723, 0.0017573995771377965, -0.07185875836861025, 0.009888676004182025 ], [ 0.0007102272717775185, 0.008516671070929346, 0.009160280126589766, 0.009509337561393404, 0.0057369952492610015, -0.06680332129765942 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_5,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_8,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.6.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -1.0496002257548225 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.13850956037423745 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.281535451942264 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.1753749766939543 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.08272785754076795 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.8897482682577974 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.8786216393397177 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.10119716526072436 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.5529503841345935 }, { "event_time": 6.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.11258351974588826 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.051075445264069985 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -1.6347404056430428 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.27622085266248664 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.23811280294755383 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.11850098364692521 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.38339055480890627 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.9529859266443371 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.7453401996369955 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.028049902490487028 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.31821225491616006 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.9530651229196334 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.13783594193351595 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -1.6003783145717265 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.23494274956471972 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.25761041288180664 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.31557985979251807 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.8203084971607723 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.9047750227458499 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.15574857999349215 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.3903561774884529 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 1.215770367606362 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.5038290450118933 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.0535083449269938 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -1.4166876000343775 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.23001470965454301 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.4063213736348716 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.6364823894656714 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -1.5210711105952284 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.8390669182342783 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.1994801454935596 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.8458752309405178 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.077340964382414 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.9728773287949077 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.7366855574952276 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -3.2912239260572624 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -2.150081711229226 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -2.2385464291068224 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -2.2646933102485405 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -2.0198357972241876 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -2.0895986635870614 }, { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 1.5025620384250271 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.5740995334542199 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 1.1789117477166384 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.8787308737957554 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.02843390511870697 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -1.5109558362251192 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.16128884722930514 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.3813573497924225 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.2322509154348312 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.0033929216807284668 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.48236983621131607 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.7347055744298808 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -0.7808947173062594 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "538c06b81a46a104838d662d6e6489d0d2daa7f680fd234049f28c97c87ef555" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P055", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T1-PC-THEFT-C4", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P055.json", "input_bytes": 492632, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": "archive_time_fe", "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p055", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-T1-PC-THEFT-C4", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T1-PC-THEFT-C4", "specification_id": "S22-P055", "data": "analyses/full-archive/prepared/S22-P055.parquet", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P055" }, "source": { "file": "S22-P055.parquet", "bytes": 64597, "sha256": "9a9d68aeb3e0c505da99c8a4f81f8451a4deaf5872648c7004e3fa72b14ced98" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3183, "source_sd": 19.5457132368174, "rows": 2884, "units": 270, "clusters": 270, "treated_units": 55, "never_treated_units": 215, "treated_cohorts": 8, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2884, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 38, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 16 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.1687796323024688, "se": 0.05054143946022593, "pvalue": 0.0009582152331286436, "lower": -0.2682867289146322, "upper": -0.06927253569030543 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.1483817023706758, "se": 0.10244763211352234, "pvalue": 0.14867920246246646, "lower": -0.350082851670749, "upper": 0.053319446929397385 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.13497748255439443, "se": 0.04824177077321513, "pvalue": 0.005514708370737315, "lower": -0.22995694092241098, "upper": -0.03999802418637788 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.14439005880064443, "se": 0.0639670711337821, "pvalue": 0.024794351705001185, "lower": -0.2703298340679381, "upper": -0.018450283533350736 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -1.4396522062340849, "se": 0.543436048465198, "pvalue": 0.008546348478132506, "lower": -2.5095810399728666, "upper": -0.3697233724953033 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.009769930921151962, "se": 0.2258660731996119, "pvalue": 0.9655300210138134, "lower": -0.43492015719893184, "upper": 0.4544600190412358 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.2110906795831101, "se": 0.20214946388677416, "pvalue": 0.29731613661913026, "lower": -0.6090869861368283, "upper": 0.1869056269706081 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.007720158950276257, "se": 0.19592747356391982, "pvalue": 0.968598198833824, "lower": -0.3934664742336935, "upper": 0.37802615633314096 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.04709703280752377, "se": 0.1602889306326303, "pvalue": 0.7691175516528892, "lower": -0.2684833360277053, "upper": 0.3626774016427528 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.012627435849783049, "se": 0.1357421428840984, "pvalue": 0.9259528103636117, "lower": -0.27987954957202416, "upper": 0.25462467787245807 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.05121506061318873, "se": 0.12931880891588463, "pvalue": 0.6923915188487785, "lower": -0.3058207732717989, "upper": 0.20339065204542148 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.04892478289013142, "se": 0.1217223853068616, "pvalue": 0.6880492378177824, "lower": -0.2885744898226912, "upper": 0.19072492404242833 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.18941022318098624, "se": 0.10492784032703951, "pvalue": 0.07216968945024128, "lower": -0.017174014550213917, "upper": 0.3959944609121864 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.22517276338283407, "se": 0.11227471823140836, "pvalue": 0.045905513476366455, "lower": -0.4462216957732182, "upper": -0.0041238309924499505 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.09989788557517908, "se": 0.12807679982211082, "pvalue": 0.43608589249412605, "lower": -0.3520583034379299, "upper": 0.1522625322875717 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.1655560534221741, "se": 0.10500488745751636, "pvalue": 0.11605112621053477, "lower": -0.3722919832368988, "upper": 0.04117987639255058 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.16831792683956173, "se": 0.10151587533206037, "pvalue": 0.09847392784612663, "lower": -0.3681846129137717, "upper": 0.031548759234648255 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.13409119323239885, "se": 0.0997325847520552, "pvalue": 0.17991702195360507, "lower": -0.33044689762648116, "upper": 0.06226451116168347 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.011014721026304873, "se": 0.11392705163943519, "pvalue": 0.923050746299638, "lower": -0.23531680373895913, "upper": 0.21328736168634937 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.041408717296479526, "se": 0.09538566466039859, "pvalue": 0.6645501056041856, "lower": -0.2292061098944321, "upper": 0.14638867530147306 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.05854519085486966, "se": 0.08375505723463812, "pvalue": 0.4851529262571641, "lower": -0.22344398798080245, "upper": 0.10635360627106315 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -1.0628912812800344, "se": 0.44104796361911397, "pvalue": 0.01662753707719881, "lower": -1.9312362036873734, "upper": -0.19454635887269556 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.03734725730666478, "se": 0.08217320158936733, "pvalue": 0.6498395761616444, "lower": -0.1244371476649977, "upper": 0.19913166227832724 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.14785270597163291, "se": 0.07045026297833071, "pvalue": 0.03677729220813504, "lower": -0.2865567318048088, "upper": -0.009148680138457044 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.0015467565802278667, "se": 0.06018082933720579, "pvalue": 0.9795142316852531, "lower": -0.11693858263869363, "upper": 0.12003209579914935 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.042772537664067314, "se": 0.04208703949496614, "pvalue": 0.3104056265465343, "lower": -0.040089350518624556, "upper": 0.12563442584675918 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.0002010363548065852, "se": 0.032563215305337116, "pvalue": 0.9950786869235593, "lower": -0.06431221019544918, "upper": 0.063910137485836 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.03380195859279067, "se": 0.03794484478178311, "pvalue": 0.37382275960055006, "lower": -0.10850860280314845, "upper": 0.040904685617567105 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.04394017718303513, "se": 0.04287616592980481, "pvalue": 0.3063707410710023, "lower": -0.1283557148309841, "upper": 0.04047536046491384 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.14649790120751163, "se": 0.07142857944506914, "pvalue": 0.0412384811034716, "lower": 0.005867744416992893, "upper": 0.2871280579980304 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.007411156620117843, "se": 0.07587567171206694, "pvalue": 0.9222631013198226, "lower": -0.15679684638677188, "upper": 0.14197453314653619 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.22268096653131364, "se": 0.058856493838023625, "pvalue": 0.00019066839017626455, "lower": -0.3385589249183587, "upper": -0.1068030081442686 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.08198324361694563, "se": 0.06209892015486594, "pvalue": 0.18788916556830235, "lower": -0.2042449621860044, "upper": 0.04027847495211316 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.1666755325530621, "se": 0.08687449935988933, "pvalue": 0.056096011502611454, "lower": -0.33771595588213665, "upper": 0.004364890776012403 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.16272261900331622, "se": 0.08391028434733173, "pvalue": 0.05351704199099789, "lower": -0.327927030679697, "upper": 0.002481792673064559 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.10237533841503621, "se": 0.05389581799347567, "pvalue": 0.05856777551489855, "lower": -0.208486609192926, "upper": 0.003735932362853578 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.01625836145977814, "se": 0.06779270131577196, "pvalue": 0.8106488347355771, "lower": -0.11721339857461445, "upper": 0.14973012149417073 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.049897464523106574, "se": 0.1280407653885499, "pvalue": 0.697066878855983, "lower": -0.20219200795502507, "upper": 0.3019869370012382 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.11612038919918427, "se": 0.039878447321668786, "pvalue": 0.003894049542372281, "lower": 0.037606825819115355, "upper": 0.1946339525792532 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -1.4130444035169571, "se": 0.5715445115574597, "pvalue": 0.014042576086121673, "lower": -2.5383137970500878, "upper": -0.2877750099838263 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.21672321575527226, "se": 0.3035024631460306, "pvalue": 0.47580056052829267, "lower": -0.38081910288146376, "upper": 0.8142655343920082 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.18050108285672825, "se": 0.28936115934526674, "pvalue": 0.5332930066030297, "lower": -0.7502016918280334, "upper": 0.38919952611457687 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.04474070934972979, "se": 0.2688991437626972, "pvalue": 0.8679791883432262, "lower": -0.4846738337081444, "upper": 0.5741552524076039 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.07332381073201631, "se": 0.19315119648634957, "pvalue": 0.7045279775532186, "lower": -0.3069565092348781, "upper": 0.45360413069891076 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.000959786354213718, "se": 0.14239163913735933, "pvalue": 0.9946269210273713, "lower": -0.2813035744166003, "upper": 0.27938400170817285 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.05720258532511883, "se": 0.1247367337535321, "pvalue": 0.6469013983553374, "lower": -0.3027870077170911, "upper": 0.18838183706685346 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.05432477146917419, "se": 0.12013363929088017, "pvalue": 0.6514873049257529, "lower": -0.2908465203341988, "upper": 0.1821969773958504 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.23587738817060788, "se": 0.07707783786720755, "pvalue": 0.0024350785292532808, "lower": 0.08412484726118832, "upper": 0.38762992908002747 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.20761052384146456, "se": 0.11023942296818863, "pvalue": 0.06074268484155611, "lower": -0.424652322193831, "upper": 0.009431274510901838 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.06667927419061973, "se": 0.12433625038287899, "pvalue": 0.5922069645233019, "lower": -0.31147521612218676, "upper": 0.17811666774094728 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.2436965111089587, "se": 0.07607377472162088, "pvalue": 0.0015215125760824654, "lower": -0.3934722304339588, "upper": -0.09392079178395862 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.18728543385977212, "se": 0.06911856137954739, "pvalue": 0.007168562281864344, "lower": -0.32336757632231333, "upper": -0.0512032913972309 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.13379872195464826, "se": 0.06023170390251011, "pvalue": 0.027156444786157082, "lower": -0.2523842241356639, "upper": -0.015213219773632602 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.014512779996718819, "se": 0.061648069730040195, "pvalue": 0.814067025794347, "lower": -0.10686129434890872, "upper": 0.13588685434234635 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.20010588871319446, "se": 0.05978488145416169, "pvalue": 0.0009331364285051113, "lower": 0.08240010038701033, "upper": 0.31781167703937857 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.16743792370957616, "se": 0.052184604063470204, "pvalue": 0.001495539563847413, "lower": 0.0646957285194748, "upper": 0.2701801188996775 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 ], "weights": [ 0.2570093457943925, 0.24766355140186916, 0.14485981308411214, 0.13551401869158877, 0.1308411214953271, 0.07009345794392523, 0.009345794392523364, 0.004672897196261682 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 7.822374695209966e-08, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 8.948828737774334e-16 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.7901677182395308, "df_num": 21, "df_den": 2424, "pvalue": 0.7349488855609596, "log10_pvalue": -0.13374286430457297, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2884, "design_columns": 120, "restricted_design_columns": 99, "fixed_effect_rank": 340, "covariance_rank": 21, "rss_unrestricted": 635.20512601681, "rss_restricted": 639.5534305901656, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 4, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_5,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_8,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.6.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -1.2094523243882462 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.6415515032950452 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.018720452283332634 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.08980522296612747 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.3612754854295189 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.39512550253177103 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.42642426553296436 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.031934307204599666 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.5818004488176609 }, { "event_time": 6.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.10341158056462607 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.0184633352430687 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -1.6474928279093064 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.11963930743885565 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.1504108681642678 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.030369760147926167 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.23761605738325373 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.41110211058628127 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.5755202932978112 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.29320748808685293 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.4724665135968078 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.809766740478473 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.2353606084750872 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -1.5963556400532397 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.22496059463671392 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.15228892196718927 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.1523033777627858 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.22956384189948661 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.5139224557773525 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.2840610365025478 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.23317558409468672 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 1.2697066148375078 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.5903796052429577 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.09131841923902845 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -1.4739649340700456 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.12354905392916937 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.3208424330667343 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.4928202600074567 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -1.5087701949865697 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.749143421205805 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.38907283381015534 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.26076772199631526 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.502167854580454 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.5657267984765039 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.3310377468185641 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -3.024969607377827 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.7873720924164118 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -2.0375555089725546 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.861377453610556 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.6112850930970894 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.6803728254705943 }, { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 1.5421852678851635 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.7382043179934229 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 1.3365375799529062 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.9821110108942678 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.08555538262521539 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -1.510643234052884 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.06593603992811133 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.6091106573165596 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.19497604389005863 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.017447526260644053 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 1.3906820467678702 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 1.0927922114853406 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -0.8865014329194956 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "538c06b81a46a104838d662d6e6489d0d2daa7f680fd234049f28c97c87ef555" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P056", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T1-PC-THEFT-C5", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P056.json", "input_bytes": 495614, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": "archive_time_fe", "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p056", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-T1-PC-THEFT-C5", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T1-PC-THEFT-C5", "specification_id": "S22-P056", "data": "analyses/full-archive/prepared/S22-P056.parquet", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P056" }, "source": { "file": "S22-P056.parquet", "bytes": 68845, "sha256": "64f2aaa150e96247cfcef9374d9424d19dc6ff55b26ac5927e0c81937ace7fe9" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3183, "source_sd": 19.5457132368174, "rows": 2662, "units": 249, "clusters": 249, "treated_units": 43, "never_treated_units": 206, "treated_cohorts": 8, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2662, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 41, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 38, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 238 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.21658618154426823, "se": 0.09394992184708006, "pvalue": 0.021973783017597854, "lower": -0.4016276602743515, "upper": -0.03154470281418495 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.2772843210230824, "se": 0.11347036465200258, "pvalue": 0.015236524440279208, "lower": -0.5007727886497417, "upper": -0.05379585339642309 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.1803615117688038, "se": 0.07488158226302924, "pvalue": 0.01674294579097001, "lower": -0.3278464530990658, "upper": -0.03287657043854178 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.24440024114240916, "se": 0.09326384482432716, "pvalue": 0.009321420849705747, "lower": -0.428090439271966, "upper": -0.060710043012852294 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -1.052794027334795, "se": 0.8790848926652031, "pvalue": 0.2322152889845302, "lower": -2.784218229398688, "upper": 0.6786301747290979 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.17549968348253414, "se": 0.21952127833342253, "pvalue": 0.42478560373217095, "lower": -0.6078634487409207, "upper": 0.25686408177585246 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.15403390236760744, "se": 0.1997438349551696, "pvalue": 0.4413478392454562, "lower": -0.5474444966572185, "upper": 0.23937669192200356 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.1671159750455021, "se": 0.18658747564011754, "pvalue": 0.37131135865880904, "lower": -0.5346141243378297, "upper": 0.2003821742468255 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.15848335965471413, "se": 0.15274677806248993, "pvalue": 0.30048730441421634, "lower": -0.45932969489642284, "upper": 0.14236297558699454 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.14838905761853502, "se": 0.11114780688401503, "pvalue": 0.1830807233692777, "lower": -0.3673030720112259, "upper": 0.07052495677415588 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.10223860473069006, "se": 0.11321141423117571, "pvalue": 0.36736143636600366, "lower": -0.32521704991299255, "upper": 0.12073984045161244 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.025379994585252242, "se": 0.11064628418671633, "pvalue": 0.8187629908813046, "lower": -0.19254623291309825, "upper": 0.24330622208360275 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.028580239136221614, "se": 0.10622751827010271, "pvalue": 0.7881168916752742, "lower": -0.18064289459369387, "upper": 0.23780337286613712 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.19320328803290737, "se": 0.10986198397293521, "pvalue": 0.07987883251659703, "lower": -0.40958477692506084, "upper": 0.0231782008592461 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.23022450642540723, "se": 0.13841118906864167, "pvalue": 0.09750806165773102, "lower": -0.5028358146044422, "upper": 0.04238680175362772 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.39091853838578017, "se": 0.17270018458195208, "pvalue": 0.02446545344144575, "lower": -0.7310646173151256, "upper": -0.05077245945643466 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.49225505841283085, "se": 0.19374878634949827, "pvalue": 0.011674092269193198, "lower": -0.8738579509264066, "upper": -0.11065216589925514 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.3128965342220059, "se": 0.12705587672299648, "pvalue": 0.014471254383327551, "lower": -0.5631426956657383, "upper": -0.06265037277827357 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.10700941579400351, "se": 0.13918907912660677, "pvalue": 0.44273993737460304, "lower": -0.38115283729240435, "upper": 0.1671340057043973 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.207058071936498, "se": 0.11593585181559038, "pvalue": 0.07532566994493951, "lower": -0.43540250305488754, "upper": 0.021286359181891534 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.16575575052217104, "se": 0.10035641477036596, "pvalue": 0.09986728501367327, "lower": -0.3634153017390861, "upper": 0.031903800694743994 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.35108870515055174, "se": 0.43620340564510784, "pvalue": 0.42166343622933505, "lower": -1.2102243129379437, "upper": 0.5080469026368402 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.016069621362725082, "se": 0.04992807775439085, "pvalue": 0.7478333652410007, "lower": -0.11440674774012394, "upper": 0.08226750501467378 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.0018026832914792917, "se": 0.04017452402752089, "pvalue": 0.9642459984752199, "lower": -0.08092944771210102, "upper": 0.07732408112914242 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.009890721060392595, "se": 0.03685063370040632, "pvalue": 0.7886143344675633, "lower": -0.08247083201740618, "upper": 0.06268938989662098 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.0024335699713030506, "se": 0.02900791764848647, "pvalue": 0.9332089444114487, "lower": -0.05956685833415273, "upper": 0.05469971839154663 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.032535325289618104, "se": 0.025016908057509054, "pvalue": 0.19462542307594544, "lower": -0.08180801832869042, "upper": 0.016737367749454217 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.04018332526782603, "se": 0.018172695160905413, "pvalue": 0.02793519093929194, "lower": -0.07597582321751409, "upper": -0.004390827318137974 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.027975355760772765, "se": 0.03565663872976019, "pvalue": 0.4334507792433451, "lower": -0.04225309177150419, "upper": 0.09820380329304973 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.028612996459852016, "se": 0.04766533609679054, "pvalue": 0.5488615145933754, "lower": -0.06526748903829171, "upper": 0.12249348195799575 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": 0.043170478989948115, "se": 0.04444227130622143, "pvalue": 0.3323039010298214, "lower": -0.04436193656663121, "upper": 0.13070289454652745 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.11140421571663514, "se": 0.05849750415322308, "pvalue": 0.0580117471134166, "lower": -0.2266194756947147, "upper": 0.003811044261444421 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.11306330121610389, "se": 0.0778424058062558, "pvalue": 0.14763661215990792, "lower": -0.2663798085117879, "upper": 0.040253206079580134 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.28568766130690953, "se": 0.14927244656693225, "pvalue": 0.056788182760772514, "lower": -0.5796910378223414, "upper": 0.008315715208522423 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.37698758871120713, "se": 0.1825765563111128, "pvalue": 0.03997975405013795, "lower": -0.7365859289444687, "upper": -0.017389248477945596 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.21385889895287022, "se": 0.09695081369980402, "pvalue": 0.028312056617954398, "lower": -0.40481086121524346, "upper": -0.022906936690496954 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.11331002566962267, "se": 0.09942985555148087, "pvalue": 0.2555534575316367, "lower": -0.3091446484073788, "upper": 0.08252459706813348 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.02316805155063575, "se": 0.0679178179776237, "pvalue": 0.7333028935168442, "lower": -0.11060122918550058, "upper": 0.1569373322867721 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.10516796434642317, "se": 0.0712731052418536, "pvalue": 0.1413296848438763, "lower": -0.035209808496262096, "upper": 0.24554573718910844 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.7668651643590001, "se": 0.9351490845469378, "pvalue": 0.412977397368999, "lower": -2.6087120337933793, "upper": 1.0749817050753794 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.11207636709205238, "se": 0.3087885555173719, "pvalue": 0.7169476139341482, "lower": -0.7202587881574378, "upper": 0.49610605397333307 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.18710927592717258, "se": 0.29646834835239794, "pvalue": 0.5285385060296192, "lower": -0.7710261169127957, "upper": 0.39680756505845044 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.19460721514872356, "se": 0.2825785149750131, "pvalue": 0.49166608161677755, "lower": -0.7511669784813263, "upper": 0.3619525481838791 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.14188244972709155, "se": 0.21666573821938653, "pvalue": 0.513174520903663, "lower": -0.5686220126989202, "upper": 0.28485711324473706 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.20126497281179515, "se": 0.13815600632858802, "pvalue": 0.14643792308632023, "lower": -0.4733736792787948, "upper": 0.07084373365520455 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.15165973710037156, "se": 0.1318202264758522, "pvalue": 0.2510443557711878, "lower": -0.41128964582268807, "upper": 0.10797017162194494 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.006792403616860336, "se": 0.1312441686849384, "pvalue": 0.9587664132905629, "lower": -0.2652877229391114, "upper": 0.2517029157053907 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.06390878795893001, "se": 0.10177864305201378, "pvalue": 0.5306344923315675, "lower": -0.13655194945541707, "upper": 0.26436952537327707 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.1806510752614111, "se": 0.12603385872279943, "pvalue": 0.15301631080997455, "lower": -0.42888429493438773, "upper": 0.06758214441156551 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.20317990861721202, "se": 0.15683754288964918, "pvalue": 0.1963592146070219, "lower": -0.5120833146672035, "upper": 0.10572349743277948 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.43220182997876155, "se": 0.1563315791438736, "pvalue": 0.006126409355003257, "lower": -0.740108702153456, "upper": -0.12429495780406707 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.4094864114478656, "se": 0.15495195568746284, "pvalue": 0.00874916338357161, "lower": -0.7146760108516419, "upper": -0.10429681204408925 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.22327126552331444, "se": 0.08653610496375533, "pvalue": 0.01045365617607939, "lower": -0.39371067101955926, "upper": -0.05283186002706966 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.07852564383895592, "se": 0.09296265093979243, "pvalue": 0.39909193741151194, "lower": -0.26162261782651214, "upper": 0.10457133014860027 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.09168615997770868, "se": 0.06906639193254717, "pvalue": 0.18556152012767405, "lower": -0.04434532405643396, "upper": 0.22771764401185132 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.025350629828711498, "se": 0.07012042901985038, "pvalue": 0.7180111961524756, "lower": -0.11275685999060253, "upper": 0.16345811964802553 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 ], "weights": [ 0.26380368098159507, 0.25153374233128833, 0.1411042944785276, 0.12883435582822086, 0.12269938650306748, 0.0736196319018405, 0.012269938650306749, 0.006134969325153374 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 1.0413079565285699e-09, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 0.0 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.6065532501150308, "df_num": 21, "df_den": 1953, "pvalue": 0.9168659980691416, "log10_pvalue": -0.03769413276147937, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2662, "design_columns": 120, "restricted_design_columns": 99, "fixed_effect_rank": 589, "covariance_rank": 21, "rss_unrestricted": 417.07856886523655, "rss_restricted": 419.798787806081, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 4, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_5,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_8,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.6.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -1.1206298630417522 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.7551421148093262 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.3249951247092955 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.11686544876827429 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.20954882150322227 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.0022753388863876074 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.12770850966144112 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.10724956920884332 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.2350592588453414 }, { "event_time": 6.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.3088183474816882 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.16977800321532588 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -1.34640517916536 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.036567163868857555 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.2755848267674916 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.08308782934445541 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.10457813386312279 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.6100122572277342 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.9162559187042334 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.7725162021594426 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.36593437013871766 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.3486977992492049 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.3356030457281374 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -1.1815343262291282 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.02238019312623679 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.12101772797205695 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.08962108454578877 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.2499551794849033 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.3363665474237981 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.14131610797410593 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.464220178458366 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.8668550753665408 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.35778779109906966 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.29720021809774755 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -1.2140500431765369 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.13109079708763063 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.26431180848416125 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.05580226400910537 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.15163231083791867 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.14008949106026714 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.16270425266644 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.562427030170545 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.5119038227855741 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.8961643211991663 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.485058758340195 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -2.7507246080805055 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.27462852339982 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.0238250864933431 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.9107140994284091 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.0202743709356892 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.2630632934348447 }, { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.863448094808114 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.4338717996400113 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.5786863404220708 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.22048880100728213 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.7120101441866143 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -1.3933637764389455 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.010411181308671191 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.3873702980469243 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.21339945415327286 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.13115371975991902 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 1.2149667742076093 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 1.027212123399955 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -0.2799064043189785 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "538c06b81a46a104838d662d6e6489d0d2daa7f680fd234049f28c97c87ef555" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P057", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T2-PA-ONSHORE-C3", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Table 2 panel A column 3; exact duplicate also plotted in Main-text Figure 4 (controls=none, simultaneous shocks=none, added FE=none, treatment=DI+NNPC, sample=onshore)", "outcome_label": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "Local participation (DI+NNPC): binary indicator equal to one from the earliest observed year of indigenous Nigerian ownership or operatorship onward; explicitly recoded as absorbing", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced onshore oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; published N=2296", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "The archive supplies frozen estimates but not this specification\u2019s input sample or required outcome/controls.", "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "The archive supplies frozen estimates but not this specification\u2019s input sample or required outcome/controls." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P058", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T2-PA-ONSHORE-C4", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P058.json", "input_bytes": 356568, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p058", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-T2-PA-ONSHORE-C4", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T2-PA-ONSHORE-C4", "specification_id": "S22-P058", "data": "repl-archives/twfe-microdata-replication-private/outputs/expansion_nigerian_oil_2026_10_06/validation/native_inputs/REXER-T2-PA-ONSHORE-C4.csv", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P058" }, "source": { "file": "REXER-T2-PA-ONSHORE-C4.csv", "bytes": 356568, "sha256": "f701c255f2c2d1072f1f83830f4142fe6d15f26c14cc6a5b23e66306cdc3cdc8" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 2296, "source_sd": 21.94716445296233, "rows": 2096, "units": 193, "clusters": 193, "treated_units": 52, "never_treated_units": 141, "treated_cohorts": 6, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2096, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 28, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 1 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.3045492169792317, "se": 0.05422852223290661, "pvalue": 6.778168363096595e-08, "lower": -0.41150936396064564, "upper": -0.19758906999781775 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.1806892863082407, "se": 0.10086417525268808, "pvalue": 0.07480221419500853, "lower": -0.3796334316760825, "upper": 0.018254859059601114 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.29999652594005477, "se": 0.053840834393838945, "pvalue": 8.433978492019502e-08, "lower": -0.40619199878796597, "upper": -0.1938010530921436 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.18906972486722454, "se": 0.06746463304373657, "pvalue": 0.005590823894527002, "lower": -0.3221367303705837, "upper": -0.05600271936386536 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.717055217614773, "se": 0.43192827957149144, "pvalue": 0.09852148175563909, "lower": -1.5689890407415579, "upper": 0.13487860551201192 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.254343082960908, "se": 0.221451074027745, "pvalue": 0.25217893540747366, "lower": -0.18244623844948316, "upper": 0.6911324043712992 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.047713685016665036, "se": 0.18335879835958466, "pvalue": 0.7949726824516212, "lower": -0.40936993555295087, "upper": 0.31394256551962074 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.14211983580428758, "se": 0.19152171513583657, "pvalue": 0.45896020500411866, "lower": -0.23563692314037862, "upper": 0.5198765947489538 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.305154478192092, "se": 0.15277937142658732, "pvalue": 0.04719873664617226, "lower": 0.0038129820448912777, "upper": 0.6064959743392928 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.19207949474652028, "se": 0.12209956744617378, "pvalue": 0.11733321038787221, "lower": -0.04874926367546298, "upper": 0.43290825316850357 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.0640043588880412, "se": 0.11616512305842593, "pvalue": 0.5822897184228428, "lower": -0.16511932224564074, "upper": 0.29312804002172316 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.06627977445727774, "se": 0.1143206873271391, "pvalue": 0.5627490169921929, "lower": -0.15920594811155697, "upper": 0.2917654970261125 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.2077712348369396, "se": 0.11197303233012751, "pvalue": 0.06505091633669581, "lower": -0.013083981252969973, "upper": 0.42862645092684915 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.19523682540090484, "se": 0.11007726059975453, "pvalue": 0.07770876243815, "lower": -0.41235282798149153, "upper": 0.021879177179681825 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.17679820792534862, "se": 0.13744414580602404, "pvalue": 0.19987767657910294, "lower": -0.4478925588650175, "upper": 0.09429614301432027 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.4392574919347263, "se": 0.1225973548392756, "pvalue": 0.000430649589608591, "lower": -0.6810680844642847, "upper": -0.19744689940516788 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.23600126266663846, "se": 0.10390812362507991, "pvalue": 0.024241349598179262, "lower": -0.44094928112393167, "upper": -0.031053244209345243 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.015957655125646363, "se": 0.10626864826127079, "pvalue": 0.8807933794725981, "lower": -0.19364625384173373, "upper": 0.22556156409302647 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.07202163011318864, "se": 0.10170210075450596, "pvalue": 0.47970307483090796, "lower": -0.1285752365744226, "upper": 0.27261849680079986 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.0461548504329429, "se": 0.09998579213172759, "pvalue": 0.6448806517084358, "lower": -0.1510567751490856, "upper": 0.2433664760149714 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.7519990850409749, "se": 0.3892128571030154, "pvalue": 0.05481867389472028, "lower": -1.519681158765875, "upper": 0.015682988683925148 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.10335773051844868, "se": 0.09629894795126087, "pvalue": 0.284483307766832, "lower": -0.08658197653799998, "upper": 0.29329743757489735 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.12209899300945067, "se": 0.06957644480934007, "pvalue": 0.0808732046133557, "lower": -0.2593313286296052, "upper": 0.015133342610703829 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.024743866156189117, "se": 0.06523864054590221, "pvalue": 0.7048973269754029, "lower": -0.10393259955474679, "upper": 0.15342033186712503 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.1348939010976525, "se": 0.04887411593490566, "pvalue": 0.006339602853406899, "lower": 0.038494766311493664, "upper": 0.23129303588381134 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.05254085883847704, "se": 0.03434822836437586, "pvalue": 0.12774858901430772, "lower": -0.015207466270324203, "upper": 0.12028918394727828 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.0435720626668931, "se": 0.043319947021251956, "pvalue": 0.31576815529947955, "lower": -0.1290161741755873, "upper": 0.0418720488418011 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.046699195615369886, "se": 0.04177735351700558, "pvalue": 0.2650443293153222, "lower": -0.12910070110876232, "upper": 0.03570230987802255 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.07554646279006447, "se": 0.07353830200065178, "pvalue": 0.3055680811399668, "lower": -0.06950022605332665, "upper": 0.22059315163345558 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.09888166788859647, "se": 0.0749101206465648, "pvalue": 0.18840522957456882, "lower": -0.2466341270159077, "upper": 0.04887079123871478 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.31954230306456816, "se": 0.06159525781522474, "pvalue": 5.382689488175224e-07, "lower": -0.44103257346099606, "upper": -0.19805203266814025 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.2779236098843962, "se": 0.09135227054055069, "pvalue": 0.0026760177830549496, "lower": -0.45810650777229, "upper": -0.09774071199650233 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.5846773295941818, "se": 0.12332947172586503, "pvalue": 4.139437057824004e-06, "lower": -0.8279319469020822, "upper": -0.3414227122862815 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.3638246637711088, "se": 0.0840241235802546, "pvalue": 2.3991513835484237e-05, "lower": -0.5295535503066697, "upper": -0.19809577723554786 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.11339026370745048, "se": 0.05995538848371041, "pvalue": 0.06009747650495669, "lower": -0.23164606158818346, "upper": 0.004865534173282504 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.018702762570466814, "se": 0.05413564400603123, "pvalue": 0.7301120326021189, "lower": -0.12547971686307216, "upper": 0.08807419172213853 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.017034526197835322, "se": 0.0737369128995932, "pvalue": 0.8175471039511485, "lower": -0.12840390208576488, "upper": 0.16247295448143553 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.7933072231039942, "se": 0.4555380074421799, "pvalue": 0.08320231002251757, "lower": -1.6918087906438406, "upper": 0.1051943444358524 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.5718155277742176, "se": 0.2823870702708684, "pvalue": 0.04425884984713108, "lower": 0.014836261179070442, "upper": 1.1287947943693648 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.08154990030136977, "se": 0.2738497289701739, "pvalue": 0.766184899174577, "lower": -0.458590344267124, "upper": 0.6216901448698635 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.3091931829133898, "se": 0.2606397669065827, "pvalue": 0.23697544229428014, "lower": -0.20489177883046472, "upper": 0.8232781446572444 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.39156702945793515, "se": 0.1840786464665949, "pvalue": 0.034682099699858915, "lower": 0.028490953041102163, "upper": 0.7546431058747681 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.2268194713891187, "se": 0.13250725038853545, "pvalue": 0.0885572200176354, "lower": -0.034537364351103744, "upper": 0.4881763071293411 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.08109987843172983, "se": 0.11408161545266149, "pvalue": 0.4780129209641278, "lower": -0.14391429961071303, "upper": 0.30611405647417267 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.07074427703409045, "se": 0.11515663529816611, "pvalue": 0.5397239734179943, "lower": -0.15639026637972034, "upper": 0.29787882044790126 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.27363501921906996, "se": 0.08985718503091165, "pvalue": 0.0026515983417181193, "lower": 0.09640102274460491, "upper": 0.450869015693535 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.15828225812868385, "se": 0.1069527433783663, "pvalue": 0.1405316717822222, "lower": -0.36923547390474926, "upper": 0.052670957647381555 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.09705774918292662, "se": 0.13245198633256453, "pvalue": 0.46458819621742303, "lower": -0.3583055822930561, "upper": 0.16419008392720288 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.5890047646066499, "se": 0.1091358845540715, "pvalue": 1.9835022124172794e-07, "lower": -0.8042640003777227, "upper": -0.373745528835577 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.3020269565295808, "se": 0.05861047094376413, "pvalue": 6.333884803922542e-07, "lower": -0.41763004377341495, "upper": -0.1864238692857466 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.030533282337772916, "se": 0.054412467864627195, "pvalue": 0.5753530413668922, "lower": -0.13785624303778538, "upper": 0.07678967836223956 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.03818666984057287, "se": 0.05468904249715605, "pvalue": 0.4858651545951371, "lower": -0.06968180569422641, "upper": 0.14605514537537215 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.18947251703066978, "se": 0.07109030389327624, "pvalue": 0.008348483844974204, "lower": 0.049254251065013355, "upper": 0.3296907829963262 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 ], "weights": [ 0.25742574257425743, 0.24752475247524752, 0.14356435643564355, 0.13366336633663367, 0.13366336633663367, 0.07425742574257425, 0.009900990099009901 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 6.0541188728890916e-09, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 2.1699338655347152e-16 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 2.90663824856399, "df_num": 12, "df_den": 1793, "pvalue": 0.0005341070513687012, "log10_pvalue": -3.2723716883661895, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2096, "design_columns": 100, "restricted_design_columns": 88, "fixed_effect_rank": 203, "covariance_rank": 12, "rss_unrestricted": 523.918445291425, "rss_restricted": 534.110356449566, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 5, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ -0.009671179883945844, -0.10058027079303676, 0.0014506769825918635, 0.012088974854932296, -0.04110251450676984, -0.04061895551257254 ], [ 0.0009671179883923744, 0.0005342175554939147, -0.09908686664005839, 0.001436605160009167, 0.017337764678189878, -0.03509154360218216 ], [ 0.0009671179883923744, 0.0111162281375045, 0.0014422338890421557, -0.09909249536909137, 0.006755754096179314, 0.02310951459887599 ], [ 0.0009671179883923744, 0.0111162281375045, 0.012024244471052747, 0.0014366051600091829, -0.09377334643292123, 0.01252750401686544 ], [ 0.000967117988368567, 0.011116228137502035, 0.012024244471050204, 0.012018615742017227, 0.0068507310049147644, -0.0870201684552682 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.019918434360856718 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.4073481577040993 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.3752686320449941 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.009411784013424962 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.0533028464556741 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.36758363495696833 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.1880800221615324 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.5312884517800367 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.7936398217983698 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.025428757565209292 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.9559302372880475 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.041074246436750395 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.3240352563140527 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.28383304370586243 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.004014668831452545 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.28298556188065094 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.9529597047663391 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.2768299417778414 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.039505032805913776 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.37220014201420026 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.5638943994480299 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.8264748592092057 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.7287734221370674 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.4359512073873189 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.7969163216391972 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -2.0283705733699966 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.7535494546708603 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -2.1280495211811834 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.8559230108199172 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.1135374215613612 }, { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 1.6568203746815064 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.7685138913183132 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 1.3605734143557204 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 1.0378126631033948 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.217183751049574 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.1132394980560544 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.09854521014919398 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.7286693285985373 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.04705488898753424 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.16610783478482735 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 1.08211726793817 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.42596574293765116 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 1.0412196104379658 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -0.6985933497518863 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "7c15e11678a92a15a1449529a9d5f84b6508338c54cf3d6ce25067b0b5f700e0" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P059", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T2-PA-ONSHORE-C5", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Table 2 panel A column 5", "outcome_label": "Operational oil spills: count of non-sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "Local participation (DI+NNPC): binary indicator equal to one from the earliest observed year of indigenous Nigerian ownership or operatorship onward; explicitly recoded as absorbing", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced onshore oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; published N=2296", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "The archive supplies frozen estimates but not this specification\u2019s input sample or required outcome/controls.", "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "The archive supplies frozen estimates but not this specification\u2019s input sample or required outcome/controls." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P060", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T2-PA-ONSHORE-C6", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P060.json", "input_bytes": 356250, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p060", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-T2-PA-ONSHORE-C6", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T2-PA-ONSHORE-C6", "specification_id": "S22-P060", "data": "repl-archives/twfe-microdata-replication-private/outputs/expansion_nigerian_oil_2026_10_06/validation/native_inputs/REXER-T2-PA-ONSHORE-C6.csv", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P060" }, "source": { "file": "REXER-T2-PA-ONSHORE-C6.csv", "bytes": 356250, "sha256": "6ea09177d1ed4947a5f4ea223ac4298b94744d2498107d9edb17b2833d2a0700" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 2296, "source_sd": 8.729685238939744, "rows": 2096, "units": 193, "clusters": 193, "treated_units": 52, "never_treated_units": 141, "treated_cohorts": 6, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2096, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 28, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 1 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": 0.09540291291902506, "se": 0.09911675406483009, "pvalue": 0.3369937827962802, "lower": -0.10009462502903513, "upper": 0.29090045086708527 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": 0.1636305272866289, "se": 0.08155520207653452, "pvalue": 0.04621919865825733, "lower": 0.0027713328623390487, "upper": 0.3244897217109188 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": 0.1612557025584096, "se": 0.10477770296382549, "pvalue": 0.12544413995114181, "lower": -0.04540747113554591, "upper": 0.3679188762523651 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": 0.173457904334113, "se": 0.07615980890223868, "pvalue": 0.02385525755801062, "lower": 0.023240564476072312, "upper": 0.3236752441921537 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.010275682840574816, "se": 0.3412128776889955, "pvalue": 0.9760064852610104, "lower": -0.6627313999048923, "upper": 0.6832827655860418 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.11243792898532796, "se": 0.16374901788746082, "pvalue": 0.4931330423612605, "lower": -0.21054005935227205, "upper": 0.43541591732292795 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.21007286987017926, "se": 0.22135426083751952, "pvalue": 0.3437959835952475, "lower": -0.2265254975434981, "upper": 0.6466712372838566 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.012851622597153238, "se": 0.19678609629154292, "pvalue": 0.9479970602150797, "lower": -0.37528858326797604, "upper": 0.4009918284622825 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.16569536637956042, "se": 0.14033485586482544, "pvalue": 0.23917685671752448, "lower": -0.11110061093749904, "upper": 0.4424913436966199 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.0495176988341636, "se": 0.1314682202057821, "pvalue": 0.706848549211761, "lower": -0.30882515508755237, "upper": 0.20978975741922515 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.0180964192328017, "se": 0.1341116411032617, "pvalue": 0.8928042349075176, "lower": -0.2826177495894495, "upper": 0.24642491112384612 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.13907331761017358, "se": 0.13857310997203662, "pvalue": 0.3168299291728814, "lower": -0.13424779828935954, "upper": 0.4123944335097067 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.027560565642489925, "se": 0.08183303115513628, "pvalue": 0.7366428761239792, "lower": -0.18896774916659934, "upper": 0.13384661788161947 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.004994917085331413, "se": 0.07387809925216696, "pvalue": 0.9461662470829407, "lower": -0.1407219866647069, "upper": 0.15071182083536974 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.11592665338180153, "se": 0.10454666396251085, "pvalue": 0.268881546445567, "lower": -0.322134126560207, "upper": 0.09028081979660393 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.025808225834033614, "se": 0.13355469686610985, "pvalue": 0.8469745994365313, "lower": -0.23761458966339746, "upper": 0.2892310413314647 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.40282079506900365, "se": 0.11217643975782852, "pvalue": 0.0004184103771224792, "lower": 0.18156437888238905, "upper": 0.6240772112556182 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.6011570125078682, "se": 0.12902465495977034, "pvalue": 5.9209410246641315e-06, "lower": 0.3466692357720138, "upper": 0.8556447892437227 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.6034218085593777, "se": 0.13183262748966323, "pvalue": 8.45034810325213e-06, "lower": 0.3433955966578519, "upper": 0.8634480204609034 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.8413985051993524, "se": 0.266487520451219, "pvalue": 0.0018491006398904915, "lower": 0.3157794548819791, "upper": 1.3670175555167257 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.07027503651478346, "se": 0.30799648321386913, "pvalue": 0.8197582124628864, "lower": -0.6777662193433571, "upper": 0.5372161463137901 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.03107847772530713, "se": 0.09034176175143793, "pvalue": 0.7312151534104385, "lower": -0.14711129617249716, "upper": 0.20926825162311144 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.11748148627713487, "se": 0.11180930027010966, "pvalue": 0.2947028931131833, "lower": -0.10305078527207964, "upper": 0.33801375782634935 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.038729367965164976, "se": 0.08982147203071847, "pvalue": 0.666820031971175, "lower": -0.21589292424335466, "upper": 0.13843418831302468 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.07469293488279599, "se": 0.07930479548577284, "pvalue": 0.34745482375097325, "lower": -0.08172756547784205, "upper": 0.23111343524343403 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.07564013799326592, "se": 0.057194797716053326, "pvalue": 0.18757475734481888, "lower": -0.18845095632991388, "upper": 0.03717068034338204 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.03989095690735633, "se": 0.06094962847910356, "pvalue": 0.513579038443888, "lower": -0.16010779026652838, "upper": 0.08032587645181574 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.08100899024043783, "se": 0.06173665949073621, "pvalue": 0.1910293657571095, "lower": -0.04076018032463502, "upper": 0.20277816080551067 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.05676176275832967, "se": 0.05145962717615849, "pvalue": 0.27139264700543364, "lower": -0.15826055084499258, "upper": 0.04473702532833325 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.014341952366592492, "se": 0.06922218751294648, "pvalue": 0.8360832241414909, "lower": -0.15087555213831735, "upper": 0.12219164740513236 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.057859145477186166, "se": 0.09610087614069315, "pvalue": 0.5478400039620928, "lower": -0.24740817638944257, "upper": 0.1316898854350702 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.14706134503218063, "se": 0.12363696494422176, "pvalue": 0.23572717856199982, "lower": -0.3909224608850711, "upper": 0.09679977082070981 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.040440495469580125, "se": 0.1578085865561587, "pvalue": 0.7980221612762525, "lower": -0.27082060695325844, "upper": 0.35170159789241867 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.4301730413805678, "se": 0.14665226813292936, "pvalue": 0.0037622591433567718, "lower": 0.14091662227170615, "upper": 0.7194294604894294 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.6271335592614662, "se": 0.16342598104051606, "pvalue": 0.00016864529907291716, "lower": 0.3047927276673457, "upper": 0.9494743908555867 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.7510557606926, "se": 0.13717704419494203, "pvalue": 1.3570729363194793e-07, "lower": 0.48048824003345403, "upper": 1.021623281351746 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.9747528684398535, "se": 0.33195620148737476, "pvalue": 0.0037264362272589648, "lower": 0.3200036213557076, "upper": 1.6295021155239995 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.8951325917388999, "se": 0.19508994775107427, "pvalue": 8.054631426516147e-06, "lower": 0.510337863303741, "upper": 1.2799273201740589 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.08618519027092056, "se": 0.16453901396854276, "pvalue": 0.6010231998571774, "lower": -0.41072136410699966, "upper": 0.23835098356515852 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.03364440451805614, "se": 0.2486084323902909, "pvalue": 0.8924920226763605, "lower": -0.4567099952400204, "upper": 0.5239988042761327 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.17267152371799765, "se": 0.23979523906464686, "pvalue": 0.4723520148643756, "lower": -0.645642811883288, "upper": 0.30029976444729267 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.060020179856858424, "se": 0.1485473739287343, "pvalue": 0.6866275526476241, "lower": -0.23297413927432065, "upper": 0.3530144989880375 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.1241085128910148, "se": 0.11480378748561237, "pvalue": 0.2810313192730194, "lower": -0.35054710051737625, "upper": 0.10233007473534664 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.05179762492883062, "se": 0.12265308414134915, "pvalue": 0.6732712808228114, "lower": -0.2937181377382624, "upper": 0.19012288788060114 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.10592738160274696, "se": 0.12766716893345542, "pvalue": 0.4077302724119711, "lower": -0.145882894457794, "upper": 0.3577376576632879 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.05629715205985919, "se": 0.08962830432326506, "pvalue": 0.5306730479155553, "lower": -0.2330797050296323, "upper": 0.12048540090991391 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.033268106579525586, "se": 0.07366339775034086, "pvalue": 0.6520501148588411, "lower": -0.17856153384068194, "upper": 0.11202532068163076 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.17656785207035913, "se": 0.10027518181304543, "pvalue": 0.07985865711307255, "lower": -0.3743502688444419, "upper": 0.0212145647037236 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.07150605576971447, "se": 0.13617099132688457, "pvalue": 0.600105904628262, "lower": -0.197077129742397, "upper": 0.34008924128182594 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.48898678640750726, "se": 0.10256053470971079, "pvalue": 3.672955424384007e-06, "lower": 0.28669674759862385, "upper": 0.6912768252163907 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.6823360506288131, "se": 0.10747960919283599, "pvalue": 1.5329684215163736e-09, "lower": 0.47034364656889355, "upper": 0.8943284546887327 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.6720721721006617, "se": 0.12208955514973008, "pvalue": 1.1737574566236393e-07, "lower": 0.43126316189705405, "upper": 0.9128811823042694 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.9081780111659107, "se": 0.2927882109182864, "pvalue": 0.0022132472309381963, "lower": 0.33068357125211645, "upper": 1.4856724510797048 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 ], "weights": [ 0.25742574257425743, 0.24752475247524752, 0.14356435643564355, 0.13366336633663367, 0.13366336633663367, 0.07425742574257425, 0.009900990099009901 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 3.542396572603357e-08, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 0.0 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 1.2053439479669268, "df_num": 12, "df_den": 1793, "pvalue": 0.2731253467631985, "log10_pvalue": -0.5636379942996977, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2096, "design_columns": 100, "restricted_design_columns": 88, "fixed_effect_rank": 203, "covariance_rank": 12, "rss_unrestricted": 598.9477923847851, "rss_restricted": 603.7795030152312, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 5, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ -0.009671179883945844, -0.10058027079303676, 0.0014506769825918635, 0.012088974854932296, -0.04110251450676984, -0.04061895551257254 ], [ 0.0009671179883923744, 0.0005342175554939147, -0.09908686664005839, 0.001436605160009167, 0.017337764678189878, -0.03509154360218216 ], [ 0.0009671179883923744, 0.0111162281375045, 0.0014422338890421557, -0.09909249536909137, 0.006755754096179314, 0.02310951459887599 ], [ 0.0009671179883923744, 0.0111162281375045, 0.012024244471052747, 0.0014366051600091829, -0.09377334643292123, 0.01252750401686544 ], [ 0.000967117988368567, 0.011116228137502035, 0.012024244471050204, 0.012018615742017227, 0.0068507310049147644, -0.0870201684552682 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -1.1016096903508474 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.5505237181719554 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.10246049332698384 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.5031779547012782 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.23847673868983862 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.13284886244346228 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.30665943712872124 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.08045142070037126 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.4112281531747329 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.23029049274903068 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.15092923878904618 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -1.4434080865597796 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.019687384080708026 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.7016423736844413 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.3037143459848533 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.1290169626120763 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.6659517776531174 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.004737365707835534 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.017853782418968955 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.049805567700094644 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.7284426287586094 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.4110643891384806 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.5067109614365088 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -2.188073638303592 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.7783934652003323 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.2618530188973627 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.20256881426097262 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.07599589268246382 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.6067279762368502 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.46146859427254033 }, { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -1.5852303443103377 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.8612466200465811 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -1.1343013840511138 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -1.3057201072767703 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -2.061277660115818 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.271612010087261 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.12458614527573009 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.10879366207646113 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.6078175259003681 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.36409836173060367 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 1.2580330503435557 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.9045506850125784 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.688933018261088 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.4402874710151847 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "7c15e11678a92a15a1449529a9d5f84b6508338c54cf3d6ce25067b0b5f700e0" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P061", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T2-PB-OFFSHORE-C3", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Table 2 panel B column 3", "outcome_label": "Oil theft: count of sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "Local participation (DI+NNPC): binary indicator equal to one from the earliest observed year of indigenous Nigerian ownership or operatorship onward; explicitly recoded as absorbing", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced offshore oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; published N=887", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "The archive supplies frozen estimates but not this specification\u2019s input sample or required outcome/controls.", "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "The archive supplies frozen estimates but not this specification\u2019s input sample or required outcome/controls." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P062", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T2-PB-OFFSHORE-C4", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P062.json", "input_bytes": 136219, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p062", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-T2-PB-OFFSHORE-C4", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T2-PB-OFFSHORE-C4", "specification_id": "S22-P062", "data": "repl-archives/twfe-microdata-replication-private/outputs/expansion_nigerian_oil_2026_10_06/validation/native_inputs/REXER-T2-PB-OFFSHORE-C4.csv", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P062" }, "source": { "file": "REXER-T2-PB-OFFSHORE-C4.csv", "bytes": 136219, "sha256": "1f3aa8fb9d9f9069c8bfe0ee7f981c95071520618244f0a57e136693b45323c1" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 887, "source_sd": 0.23448956061057097, "rows": 799, "units": 78, "clusters": 78, "treated_units": 4, "never_treated_units": 74, "treated_cohorts": 4, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 799, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 10, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 4 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": 0.30677046832251936, "se": 0.3383154181902291, "pvalue": 0.36736330136295137, "lower": -0.3669015951764338, "upper": 0.9804425318214725 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": 0.2720730809695996, "se": 0.2606921916280001, "pvalue": 0.2999099303565903, "lower": -0.2470313914530866, "upper": 0.7911775533922858 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": 0.4931556578340942, "se": 0.3142522740143179, "pvalue": 0.12067891812024917, "lower": -0.13260056405771126, "upper": 1.1189118797258997 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.011322300818976672, "se": 0.09431780286705053, "pvalue": 0.904760844729326, "lower": -0.19913304034136622, "upper": 0.17648843870341288 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.15799335534775683, "se": 0.41274836228930945, "pvalue": 0.7029347689610105, "lower": -0.9798803459457016, "upper": 0.663893635250188 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -1.5905658603554338, "se": 0.5999311390154727, "pvalue": 0.009731812162128166, "lower": -2.785181377850354, "upper": -0.3959503428605138 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.3735295541467992, "se": 0.5411270056504384, "pvalue": 0.4920930933060247, "lower": -1.4510510826115897, "upper": 0.7039919743179913 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 1.726097104514391, "se": 1.1683804068017807, "pvalue": 0.143662676019716, "lower": -0.6004455160153237, "upper": 4.052639725044106 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.07450323891430885, "se": 0.3804847889707351, "pvalue": 0.8452736572503003, "lower": -0.8321452473307072, "upper": 0.6831387695020894 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.23845959211813011, "se": 0.5100055024997329, "pvalue": 0.6414178686100783, "lower": -1.2540102906429849, "upper": 0.7770911064067247 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.31228385899090466, "se": 0.22461577324208593, "pvalue": 0.16844282962957433, "lower": -0.1349832867509596, "upper": 0.7595510047327689 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -1.4273515710968308, "se": 1.2584980725381878, "pvalue": 0.260241616846376, "lower": -3.9333413896263076, "upper": 1.078638247432646 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.5003269704720086, "se": 0.43717500481793853, "pvalue": 0.2559802565632394, "lower": -1.3708536203696668, "upper": 0.3701996794256497 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.03666142039828115, "se": 0.24980443278351308, "pvalue": 0.8837046467410994, "lower": -0.46076275436939157, "upper": 0.5340855951659539 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 1.1902622018788658, "se": 0.5181543235455802, "pvalue": 0.02432994026854433, "lower": 0.15848512762923406, "upper": 2.2220392761284975 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.25392818838351494, "se": 0.4399052607149047, "pvalue": 0.5654654883326492, "lower": -1.129891472336542, "upper": 0.6220350955695123 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.36384380520835646, "se": 0.47746572811686017, "pvalue": 0.4483692550989872, "lower": -0.5869119245516567, "upper": 1.3145995349683697 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.3188609408558428, "se": 0.5049105007193493, "pvalue": 0.5295711448394936, "lower": -0.6865443129793115, "upper": 1.3242661946909973 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 2.3353791140946663, "se": 0.6992594032085725, "pvalue": 0.0012947045497825, "lower": 0.9429757539389376, "upper": 3.727782474250395 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.8331210328640267, "se": 0.44189618003925185, "pvalue": 0.06315728605025482, "lower": -0.046806677944470465, "upper": 1.713048743672524 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.06749030466545544, "se": 0.16252248025890645, "pvalue": 0.6791009775328122, "lower": -0.25613329849951394, "upper": 0.3911139078304249 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -1.3457768095825062, "se": 0.39632347672455387, "pvalue": 0.0010853794154953324, "lower": -2.1349576746058805, "upper": -0.5565959445591322 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.2436661843322506, "se": 0.36067468414216297, "pvalue": 0.5013284842406422, "lower": -0.96186123443565, "upper": 0.4745288657711487 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 1.6360668292829545, "se": 0.8435588898067814, "pvalue": 0.056105592916130057, "lower": -0.043673517813744844, "upper": 3.315807176379654 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.01845963679557108, "se": 0.21446560359081476, "pvalue": 0.9316320380319184, "lower": -0.4085959390142618, "upper": 0.4455152126054039 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.16109106413894173, "se": 0.32449634204569544, "pvalue": 0.6210024009606476, "lower": -0.8072458315248854, "upper": 0.485063703247002 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.4431480095947797, "se": 0.37962316478258995, "pvalue": 0.24667668581523475, "lower": -0.31277828586980155, "upper": 1.1990743050593609 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.9730321868401836, "se": 0.5946097045509199, "pvalue": 0.10583255594097116, "lower": -2.1570513745677915, "upper": 0.21098700088742428 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": 0.0921005646141807, "se": 0.29204748571360784, "pvalue": 0.7533402251139024, "lower": -0.4894402749751673, "upper": 0.6736414042035287 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.31603446467332097, "se": 0.2721268939100656, "pvalue": 0.24908727619267482, "lower": -0.8579083382751277, "upper": 0.22583940892848575 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.16924177638367027, "se": 0.4841597551852748, "pvalue": 0.7276248827480476, "lower": -0.7948434641991724, "upper": 1.133327016966513 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 1.2274479903723738, "se": 0.40242936504247134, "pvalue": 0.0031365060366595624, "lower": 0.426108748398196, "upper": 2.0287872323465517 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.16930040030664603, "se": 0.7834982738590394, "pvalue": 0.8294947170000303, "lower": -1.7294447819076704, "upper": 1.3908439812943783 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.5961105895701727, "se": 0.44792495879214916, "pvalue": 0.18717344275533138, "lower": -0.2958219534288553, "upper": 1.4880431325692007 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 1.0613218329918255, "se": 0.5748706654572207, "pvalue": 0.06870732678602871, "lower": -0.08339190637971083, "upper": 2.206035572363362 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 2.9834834682539686, "se": 0.8383292047305048, "pvalue": 0.000641825559178701, "lower": 1.3141567545519022, "upper": 4.652810181956035 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 1.5456590014230716, "se": 0.5612505754804473, "pvalue": 0.0073427419294652225, "lower": 0.4280663260833706, "upper": 2.6632516767627727 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.4702541732290473, "se": 0.3783773409494564, "pvalue": 0.21770623328730057, "lower": -0.2831913700519272, "upper": 1.2236997165100219 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.9132193965193263, "se": 0.5386469985049637, "pvalue": 0.09404090520354018, "lower": -1.9858025998550959, "upper": 0.15936380681644335 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.05811928516042636, "se": 0.2486975088358015, "pvalue": 0.8158422097850017, "lower": -0.43710072243100495, "upper": 0.5533392927518577 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 2.3696296416468163, "se": 0.45480529632506356, "pvalue": 1.5326495962511085e-06, "lower": 1.4639965962936168, "upper": 3.2752626870000157 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.3836426079619131, "se": 0.15191752556962435, "pvalue": 0.013613663639475275, "lower": 0.08113616743487129, "upper": 0.6861490484889549 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.2302795764785713, "se": 0.21831796393062358, "pvalue": 0.29481991287906373, "lower": -0.2044470287905257, "upper": 0.6650061817476683 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.3748785376884212, "se": 0.14436225392417107, "pvalue": 0.011267186451957838, "lower": 0.08741656503374151, "upper": 0.6623405103431009 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -1.5909048788816953, "se": 0.5299644827694673, "pvalue": 0.00361581186926394, "lower": -2.646198984596129, "upper": -0.5356107731672617 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.47558415878779786, "se": 0.24505637968709046, "pvalue": 0.055953290161293745, "lower": -0.9635537519576816, "upper": 0.012385434382085836 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.008110026417878766, "se": 0.1117268906262935, "pvalue": 0.942322235544894, "lower": -0.21436663562480546, "upper": 0.23058668846056302 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.8913253470474914, "se": 0.29164174584399527, "pvalue": 0.0030798799164512927, "lower": 0.3105924387568937, "upper": 1.4720582553380892 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.5176574500134298, "se": 0.2195449103308847, "pvalue": 0.020919898876928734, "lower": -0.9548272176949526, "upper": -0.0804876823319069 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.16830712524795544, "se": 0.42613809849582995, "pvalue": 0.6939650356287219, "lower": -1.0168564869202252, "upper": 0.6802422364243143 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.5164850818517983, "se": 0.3943517035479284, "pvalue": 0.1941893408108456, "lower": -1.301739644870508, "upper": 0.26876948116691135 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 1.4123464609989993, "se": 0.5823311956597624, "pvalue": 0.017636320609466658, "lower": 0.25277690806972397, "upper": 2.5719160139282744 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.025478005834355593, "se": 0.14083313648842877, "pvalue": 0.8569142015869003, "lower": -0.3059126078832717, "upper": 0.25495659621456046 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 ], "weights": [ 0.21052631578947367, 0.21052631578947367, 0.15789473684210525, 0.15789473684210525, 0.10526315789473684, 0.05263157894736842, 0.05263157894736842, 0.05263157894736842 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 2.0086710073030645e-13, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 7.31756811294065e-14 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.5429403664264738, "df_num": 8, "df_den": 636, "pvalue": 0.8243296898940367, "log10_pvalue": -0.0838990578841377, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 799, "design_columns": 75, "restricted_design_columns": 67, "fixed_effect_rank": 88, "covariance_rank": 8, "rss_unrestricted": 416.36882689906275, "rss_restricted": 419.2123922254167, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 4, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-4.0]" ], "data": [ [ 7.260026033320295e-11, 7.089298991263558e-11, 1.4349325115768036e-10, 1.417859782907081e-10, 1.3236351410183164e-10, 1.1931279201806186e-10 ], [ 7.260026033320295e-11, 7.089298991263558e-11, 1.4349325115768036e-10, 1.417859782907081e-10, 1.3236351410183164e-10, 1.1931279201806186e-10 ], [ 7.260026033320295e-11, 7.089298991263558e-11, 1.4349325115768036e-10, 1.417859782907081e-10, 1.3236351410183164e-10, 1.1931279201806186e-10 ], [ 7.260026033320295e-11, 7.089298991263558e-11, 1.4349325115768036e-10, 1.417859782907081e-10, 1.3236351410183164e-10, 1.1931279201806186e-10 ], [ -0.013368983957219258, 0.0013368983957219248, -0.012032085561497324, 0.00267379679144385, 0.0026737967914438497, 0.00267379679144385 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_8,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 1.867694300403296 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.15706895256185915 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.5894008931361717 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -1.4636141823896929 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.9165155756860959 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -1.3859382126397302 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 3.2613584500125374 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.7618027084965355 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -1.0685287714736318 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.3600916509422601 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 5.2317972040281795 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 1.4124324937438506 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.43902327868307556 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 2.0306698859346595 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.1432634297223227 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.40445231130926407 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 5.6908797715374675 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 2.288313772432728 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.5566586541655274 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "85957b22db6cf6312f27a925b03b907e4d51071cc59a60cfdf2d7b039b1e34eb", "reference_f_test.py": "26f3d65e1ff59d46f05bb28011b2ed34b9ee150f04c47c144dd6836a4d75d6f0", "sparse_did2s.py": "a348042269b0077dd2916898779f992f0b5fc2971edfee8b0118d3af715eaafb" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P063", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T2-PB-OFFSHORE-C5", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Table 2 panel B column 5", "outcome_label": "Operational oil spills: count of non-sabotage spills within 15 km of the field", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "Local participation (DI+NNPC): binary indicator equal to one from the earliest observed year of indigenous Nigerian ownership or operatorship onward; explicitly recoded as absorbing", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced offshore oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; published N=887", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "The archive supplies frozen estimates but not this specification\u2019s input sample or required outcome/controls.", "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "The archive supplies frozen estimates but not this specification\u2019s input sample or required outcome/controls." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P064", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T2-PB-OFFSHORE-C6", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P064.json", "input_bytes": 136411, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p064", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-T2-PB-OFFSHORE-C6", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T2-PB-OFFSHORE-C6", "specification_id": "S22-P064", "data": "repl-archives/twfe-microdata-replication-private/outputs/expansion_nigerian_oil_2026_10_06/validation/native_inputs/REXER-T2-PB-OFFSHORE-C6.csv", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P064" }, "source": { "file": "REXER-T2-PB-OFFSHORE-C6.csv", "bytes": 136411, "sha256": "b94f5c1e2bd21f9a6db1bf06e33539661bc805daafde769fded8f5a60ce34f37" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 887, "source_sd": 11.625788914553887, "rows": 799, "units": 78, "clusters": 78, "treated_units": 4, "never_treated_units": 74, "treated_cohorts": 4, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 799, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 10, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 4 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": 0.4225868461420414, "se": 0.15998925084723942, "pvalue": 0.009996012299147055, "lower": 0.1040075471775811, "upper": 0.7411661451065017 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": 0.7342104510713576, "se": 0.3989028590728659, "pvalue": 0.06953652649021569, "lower": -0.06010662039047987, "upper": 1.5285275225331951 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": 0.45739378920032453, "se": 0.16738139184092737, "pvalue": 0.00778917861463225, "lower": 0.12409485699085243, "upper": 0.7906927214097966 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": 1.0743855666103255, "se": 0.4275343425918645, "pvalue": 0.014061328080349302, "lower": 0.22305592774479188, "upper": 1.925715205475859 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.7628648270160596, "se": 0.3529540337012664, "pvalue": 0.033774325496941336, "lower": 0.060043556038352985, "upper": 1.4656860979937663 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.386225927007903, "se": 0.3315756787295425, "pvalue": 0.2476879925825174, "lower": -0.2740256006661855, "upper": 1.0464774546819915 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.4238603422126965, "se": 0.6110346138510309, "pvalue": 0.4899724773003089, "lower": -1.640585702778006, "upper": 0.7928650183526129 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.04386545055793905, "se": 0.44539994674500355, "pvalue": 0.9218026930389396, "lower": -0.9307700522196797, "upper": 0.8430391511038017 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.31204622411054184, "se": 0.42440114898389075, "pvalue": 0.4644133263501921, "lower": -0.5330444292115113, "upper": 1.157136877432595 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.3786685352159036, "se": 0.3628611352493887, "pvalue": 0.29995279253760915, "lower": -0.3438802952650607, "upper": 1.101217365696868 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.728277768056749, "se": 0.5454395211883877, "pvalue": 0.18574076235985704, "lower": -0.3578310759281639, "upper": 1.814386612041662 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.4681403040014862, "se": 0.35415527706956257, "pvalue": 0.19013166488125427, "lower": -0.2370729481132714, "upper": 1.1733535561162438 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.3566239122311556, "se": 0.22442579405693772, "pvalue": 0.11614690462864724, "lower": -0.09026493662325002, "upper": 0.8035127610855612 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.6195842381977504, "se": 0.36614224042482457, "pvalue": 0.09465185911730897, "lower": -0.10949810738553212, "upper": 1.348666583781033 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.5839551207577451, "se": 0.43297323246393976, "pvalue": 0.18138368049362721, "lower": -0.27820473147159175, "upper": 1.4461149729870821 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.690967130480865, "se": 0.5066828362325421, "pvalue": 0.17663324302095224, "lower": -0.31796729423503745, "upper": 1.6999015551967673 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.9690602953627301, "se": 0.5519491357190115, "pvalue": 0.08311542561575362, "lower": -0.13001084716857148, "upper": 2.0681314378940314 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 1.5364598257760416, "se": 0.5460893723909337, "pvalue": 0.006215364747829739, "lower": 0.44905696272771056, "upper": 2.6238626888243726 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 1.37907955724697, "se": 0.5409645398667793, "pvalue": 0.012781767254522285, "lower": 0.3018815394879908, "upper": 2.4562775750059496 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 1.3667392411758694, "se": 0.5255067107246475, "pvalue": 0.011146994612471433, "lower": 0.3203216936393227, "upper": 2.413156788712416 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.5115894677363779, "se": 0.12441454379588385, "pvalue": 9.730615622510663e-05, "lower": 0.26384846055258354, "upper": 0.7593304749201724 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.14067925042815402, "se": 0.08551994364425584, "pvalue": 0.10404897328629376, "lower": -0.02961271324683737, "upper": 0.31097121410314543 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.6083432009051536, "se": 0.4412174427952633, "pvalue": 0.17195399323035254, "lower": -1.4869193731932446, "upper": 0.27023297138293756 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.27908600373009834, "se": 0.20983155646412122, "pvalue": 0.18742881378199683, "lower": -0.6969140128304657, "upper": 0.13874200537026904 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.04605441818571144, "se": 0.14488710349987835, "pvalue": 0.7514484130244525, "lower": -0.24245266349351313, "upper": 0.334561499864936 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.11336837009784693, "se": 0.11294406525004977, "pvalue": 0.31863983811791546, "lower": -0.11153199626434716, "upper": 0.338268736460041 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.39681938636847075, "se": 0.20057594262152434, "pvalue": 0.05146039377103399, "lower": -0.002578340985808003, "upper": 0.7962171137227495 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.1896738112654824, "se": 0.086596312299333, "pvalue": 0.031527318294697605, "lower": 0.017238523775010367, "upper": 0.36210909875595443 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.23893386955149873, "se": 0.2249597243672093, "pvalue": 0.2915018116282877, "lower": -0.6868859094830637, "upper": 0.20901817038006623 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.05922008914716145, "se": 0.18465185604620674, "pvalue": 0.7492973453172989, "lower": -0.30846873082147097, "upper": 0.4269089091157938 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.3493473424691307, "se": 0.1351666674366799, "pvalue": 0.011640631744135215, "lower": 0.08019612182584179, "upper": 0.6184985631124196 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.29350999365221697, "se": 0.17780957436132994, "pvalue": 0.10287346731974509, "lower": -0.06055410283691909, "upper": 0.647574090141353 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.38520251841635855, "se": 0.2522420494517528, "pvalue": 0.1308300224909998, "lower": -0.11707557125621848, "upper": 0.8874806080889356 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.6401746419879383, "se": 0.3953770046007621, "pvalue": 0.1095039763008096, "lower": -0.14712155625882273, "upper": 1.4274708402346992 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 1.3472076816590959, "se": 0.45582656592081544, "pvalue": 0.004140509920231032, "lower": 0.43954102873447887, "upper": 2.254874334583713 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 1.2004399134381927, "se": 0.4485747487050211, "pvalue": 0.009095936148154278, "lower": 0.30721347341907934, "upper": 2.093666353457306 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 1.1920778530621066, "se": 0.4272914923771158, "pvalue": 0.006643455161965746, "lower": 0.34123179075411236, "upper": 2.0429239153701007 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.396306487864507, "se": 0.10035713000484954, "pvalue": 0.0001724234353583995, "lower": 0.19646991163378683, "upper": 0.5961430640952272 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.005040635109750046, "se": 0.1201645090993978, "pvalue": 0.9666489052336051, "lower": -0.24431874202361345, "upper": 0.23423747180411333 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.7936898097955051, "se": 0.3107760949438871, "pvalue": 0.012627473532867434, "lower": -1.412524074834158, "upper": -0.17485554475685205 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.4084529506727734, "se": 0.19491766137924127, "pvalue": 0.03941183534604737, "lower": -0.7965836006330123, "upper": -0.020322300712534436 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.029484759396000065, "se": 0.22521470970355537, "pvalue": 0.8961812712200722, "lower": -0.47794453999932374, "upper": 0.41897502120732366 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.004526883282220444, "se": 0.11170898649465924, "pvalue": 0.9677803480530761, "lower": -0.21791412707965144, "upper": 0.22696789364409234 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.9387859292061443, "se": 0.3476347190650609, "pvalue": 0.008509699435322213, "lower": 0.24655676687823558, "upper": 1.631015091534053 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.6669713541414419, "se": 0.2722991400864078, "pvalue": 0.01658114851506143, "lower": 0.12475449458390486, "upper": 1.209188213698979 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.3843099690961624, "se": 0.2023847439919809, "pvalue": 0.06132264006493371, "lower": -0.018689541937422505, "upper": 0.7873094801297473 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.6812406764027314, "se": 0.24841897906530372, "pvalue": 0.007583806761138232, "lower": 0.1865752924410503, "upper": 1.1759060603644125 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.7883192226909008, "se": 0.3743082873955669, "pvalue": 0.038456912422798264, "lower": 0.04297620018417958, "upper": 1.533662245197622 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.8859509103744755, "se": 0.3191775273968353, "pvalue": 0.006910860890561033, "lower": 0.2503872560363306, "upper": 1.5215145647126205 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 1.414039569099958, "se": 0.52369015269799, "pvalue": 0.00851786497060023, "lower": 0.3712392507184712, "upper": 2.456839887481445 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 2.869043174575582, "se": 1.1182681259927705, "pvalue": 0.012241897498253721, "lower": 0.6422868534697459, "upper": 5.095799495681418 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 2.719776266002536, "se": 1.1139722691332095, "pvalue": 0.01692078379919392, "lower": 0.5015740887502602, "upper": 4.937978443254812 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 2.7114142056264474, "se": 1.0887908573694935, "pvalue": 0.014917862213346402, "lower": 0.5433546252307555, "upper": 4.879473786022139 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 ], "weights": [ 0.21052631578947367, 0.21052631578947367, 0.15789473684210525, 0.15789473684210525, 0.10526315789473684, 0.05263157894736842, 0.05263157894736842, 0.05263157894736842 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 3.959499395023158e-11, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 3.001831323836239e-15 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.533128277700068, "df_num": 8, "df_den": 636, "pvalue": 0.8319015184116749, "log10_pvalue": -0.0799280830144006, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 799, "design_columns": 75, "restricted_design_columns": 67, "fixed_effect_rank": 88, "covariance_rank": 8, "rss_unrestricted": 321.91619594361015, "rss_restricted": 324.0749711273482, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 4, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-4.0]" ], "data": [ [ 7.260026033320295e-11, 7.089298991263558e-11, 1.4349325115768036e-10, 1.417859782907081e-10, 1.3236351410183164e-10, 1.1931279201806186e-10 ], [ 7.260026033320295e-11, 7.089298991263558e-11, 1.4349325115768036e-10, 1.417859782907081e-10, 1.3236351410183164e-10, 1.1931279201806186e-10 ], [ 7.260026033320295e-11, 7.089298991263558e-11, 1.4349325115768036e-10, 1.417859782907081e-10, 1.3236351410183164e-10, 1.1931279201806186e-10 ], [ 7.260026033320295e-11, 7.089298991263558e-11, 1.4349325115768036e-10, 1.417859782907081e-10, 1.3236351410183164e-10, 1.1931279201806186e-10 ], [ -0.013368983957219258, 0.0013368983957219248, -0.012032085561497324, 0.00267379679144385, 0.0026737967914438497, 0.00267379679144385 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_8,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.9643399839509998 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -2.051504615514582 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -1.8338003324846466 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -2.2986508828346577 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -2.462580969273514 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 1.2636265889077691 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.6727273496563192 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.2713069643861071 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.18485165012254431 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -2.8358400757348976 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -1.8559252766458638 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.9706742023888044 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -1.821286808633185 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -1.9706651914694993 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -2.48059127762152 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -2.4189452257084176 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -1.723262963374518 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.8022618718714692 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -1.8557465096013197 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "85957b22db6cf6312f27a925b03b907e4d51071cc59a60cfdf2d7b039b1e34eb", "reference_f_test.py": "26f3d65e1ff59d46f05bb28011b2ed34b9ee150f04c47c144dd6836a4d75d6f0", "sparse_did2s.py": "a348042269b0077dd2916898779f992f0b5fc2971edfee8b0118d3af715eaafb" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P065", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T3-C6-TERMINATED-HOLD", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P065.json", "input_bytes": 489662, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p065", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-T3-C6-TERMINATED-HOLD", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T3-C6-TERMINATED-HOLD", "specification_id": "S22-P065", "data": "repl-archives/twfe-microdata-replication-private/outputs/expansion_nigerian_oil_2026_10_06/validation/native_inputs/REXER-T3-C6-TERMINATED-HOLD.csv", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P065" }, "source": { "file": "REXER-T3-C6-TERMINATED-HOLD.csv", "bytes": 489662, "sha256": "9c90757a50159fbbbc30d00974a50d675e58c3ff1932055669438879a005f703" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3183, "source_sd": 19.5457132368174, "rows": 3048, "units": 303, "clusters": 303, "treated_units": 35, "never_treated_units": 268, "treated_cohorts": 4, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 3048, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 1, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 124, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 10 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.08618892957737644, "se": 0.1130095983710691, "pvalue": 0.4462560436679926, "lower": -0.30857489342642724, "upper": 0.1361970342716744 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.16445965252724773, "se": 0.0998830310749197, "pvalue": 0.10069641966814888, "lower": -0.36101449793803564, "upper": 0.03209519288354018 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.07761368321789727, "se": 0.10653497104141625, "pvalue": 0.466855120821562, "lower": -0.2872585502041805, "upper": 0.13203118376838596 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.14819726143869597, "se": 0.09396810110517, "pvalue": 0.11581898781962606, "lower": -0.3331124105636578, "upper": 0.03671788768626588 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.023068651242881197, "se": 0.23016832923705094, "pvalue": 0.9202320946962433, "lower": -0.42986814777870624, "upper": 0.47600545026446867 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.3824330979277675, "se": 0.2476656156098537, "pvalue": 0.12359896341179309, "lower": -0.8698019359163631, "upper": 0.10493574006082823 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.03089261679047195, "se": 0.22178137458817207, "pvalue": 0.8893113800943575, "lower": -0.46732514519935464, "upper": 0.40553991161841074 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.10494629777918021, "se": 0.17757557685864728, "pvalue": 0.5549657450011851, "lower": -0.24449584151676088, "upper": 0.45438843707512133 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.0659390597175074, "se": 0.17076564812014736, "pvalue": 0.6996665582279015, "lower": -0.40198027919704504, "upper": 0.2701021597620302 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.22163862947286428, "se": 0.13967677577808899, "pvalue": 0.1136051625399053, "lower": -0.49650160444552915, "upper": 0.053224345499800596 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.17508447975650152, "se": 0.13526884839656145, "pvalue": 0.19653532229161708, "lower": -0.44127331382921453, "upper": 0.09110435431621153 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.17518241454129388, "se": 0.10748241332953558, "pvalue": 0.10417139342212357, "lower": -0.38669170604966896, "upper": 0.03632687696708117 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.17931737106978707, "se": 0.19532395259513075, "pvalue": 0.35932471260130583, "lower": -0.5636856555941447, "upper": 0.20505091345457055 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.3823197033443354, "se": 0.17661005916705574, "pvalue": 0.03118865674121894, "lower": -0.7298618484313522, "upper": -0.03477755825731865 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.34209478879578764, "se": 0.15086439122484838, "pvalue": 0.02406216774716981, "lower": -0.6389733153690416, "upper": -0.045216262222533665 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.5140010110988686, "se": 0.12675018461607135, "pvalue": 6.379954382986237e-05, "lower": 0.26457563148344776, "upper": 0.7634263907142895 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.012201305919762479, "se": 0.118957669807733, "pvalue": 0.9183735414677268, "lower": -0.24629218349784168, "upper": 0.22188957165831671 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.09198975134156095, "se": 0.06514724663073099, "pvalue": 0.158971201004267, "lower": -0.036210272752993156, "upper": 0.22018977543611506 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.22277865904884914, "se": 0.07428731638418297, "pvalue": 0.0029351556717215864, "lower": -0.36896497148587504, "upper": -0.07659234661182326 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.05518630180601176, "se": 0.052953892218993284, "pvalue": 0.29817215675739894, "lower": -0.04901902703704985, "upper": 0.15939163064907336 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.15390044328982064, "se": 0.04653286266795124, "pvalue": 0.0010556087000064757, "lower": 0.06233073890870104, "upper": 0.24547014767094022 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.015273562201433371, "se": 0.051361846567010566, "pvalue": 0.766387154507224, "lower": -0.08579885924339696, "upper": 0.11634598364626371 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.11684287138144124, "se": 0.027328601570106296, "pvalue": 2.5610474947169145e-05, "lower": -0.17062146619477025, "upper": -0.06306427656811221 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.07485439514318425, "se": 0.03567469133521837, "pvalue": 0.03671366754879568, "lower": -0.1450568445984063, "upper": -0.0046519456879622195 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": 0.0715744211528336, "se": 0.10596283295947378, "pvalue": 0.49989582677698735, "lower": -0.1369445637788144, "upper": 0.28009340608448163 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.08129599865171833, "se": 0.13859731100276915, "pvalue": 0.5579356881632395, "lower": -0.35403474862083645, "upper": 0.1914427513173998 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.11763122809826443, "se": 0.16692184119716827, "pvalue": 0.4815348058283524, "lower": -0.4461084112504666, "upper": 0.21084595505393772 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.327831708879341, "se": 0.1330357047167759, "pvalue": 0.014287262550417564, "lower": -0.589626050654047, "upper": -0.06603736710463493 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.24213152769341137, "se": 0.13900095178628954, "pvalue": 0.08253678573593412, "lower": -0.5156645822701543, "upper": 0.031401526883331615 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.5852319183879912, "se": 0.059612637249837994, "pvalue": 6.335292385584364e-20, "lower": 0.46792317662200944, "upper": 0.7025406601539729 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.06897022082721856, "se": 0.03663679051782082, "pvalue": 0.060723944619034735, "lower": -0.0031254957232363656, "upper": 0.14106593737767348 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.25795783906161285, "se": 0.34541777201799817, "pvalue": 0.4557655571763603, "lower": -0.9376882802634944, "upper": 0.4217726021402687 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.6609273663159099, "se": 0.3626531381540709, "pvalue": 0.06937127217445034, "lower": -1.3745744266873987, "upper": 0.05271969405557897 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.3076174970807322, "se": 0.33321213870501304, "pvalue": 0.3566461516538588, "lower": -0.9633290799925096, "upper": 0.34809408583104523 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.05849257552637413, "se": 0.1877916514759788, "pvalue": 0.7556537602193526, "lower": -0.3110532685280709, "upper": 0.42803841958081923 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.1005997339775154, "se": 0.17554790700274964, "pvalue": 0.5670295385941415, "lower": -0.44605172268650506, "upper": 0.2448522547314743 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.24618699074668274, "se": 0.14483013678909962, "pvalue": 0.0901920332233123, "lower": -0.5311910083565641, "upper": 0.03881702686319863 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.19238669522425283, "se": 0.1434628671689087, "pvalue": 0.18092139710358948, "lower": -0.4747001310011708, "upper": 0.08992674055266514 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.1913602076651222, "se": 0.11100908443773672, "pvalue": 0.08576287841550789, "lower": -0.409809459715616, "upper": 0.027089044385371602 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.19936629641521486, "se": 0.13536662228530846, "pvalue": 0.14184971572719213, "lower": -0.46574753485712916, "upper": 0.06701494202669944 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.3894165233074901, "se": 0.1275076200294608, "pvalue": 0.0024587821625481044, "lower": -0.6403324223733646, "upper": -0.13850062424161563 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.09402563303085372, "se": 0.14675905134409623, "pvalue": 0.5222162518399609, "lower": -0.3828254655863548, "upper": 0.19477419952464736 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.7529243956786407, "se": 0.08163053902402315, "pvalue": 5.126006161873833e-18, "lower": 0.592287720900206, "upper": 0.9135610704570754 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.23663760568921005, "se": 0.0671465804544159, "pvalue": 0.00049054098553343, "lower": 0.104503192075137, "upper": 0.36877201930328307 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ], "weights": [ 0.7142857142857143, 0.08163265306122448, 0.08163265306122448, 0.04081632653061224, 0.04081632653061224, 0.04081632653061224 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 1.4363784717197348e-08, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 8.997138894370843e-16 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 1.7513521021361724, "df_num": 2, "df_den": 2669, "pvalue": 0.17373851467052231, "log10_pvalue": -0.7601038956879647, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 3048, "design_columns": 66, "restricted_design_columns": 64, "fixed_effect_rank": 313, "covariance_rank": 2, "rss_unrestricted": 758.1532688758111, "rss_restricted": 759.1482432641117, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 3, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-4.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-3.0]" ], "data": [ [ -0.05212173266581464, 0.006061719354406438, 0.006066599761837815, -0.03692702079208688, 0.008164929969917387, 0.015525330696951846 ], [ 0.006057103831272302, -0.05177640222571045, 0.005990563429958953, 0.013892583674869572, -0.03526035149326088, 0.005483213082221178 ], [ 0.0060470451334863696, 0.00597562432474166, -0.05123083208736004, 0.01377115651232572, 0.015149694440519152, -0.033886260086750594 ], [ 0.006116529862720011, 0.006044520299345903, 0.005980017580394502, -0.04351608751481917, 0.01521826649491749, 0.016186880815791244 ], [ 0.0061076047094633075, 0.006035988515919696, 0.005971432523649372, 0.013787121070712569, -0.04173405989983534, 0.01596262620905343 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_5,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.9849230764023429 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.47969614779074643 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.08047249227136125 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.38078965062920245 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.8227179363408684 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.6794154427204676 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.6396547604597722 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.09611689346696169 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.23884417871213826 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 1.12785253148097 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.06180325961453337 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.418048602493548 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.15873611945123672 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "7c15e11678a92a15a1449529a9d5f84b6508338c54cf3d6ce25067b0b5f700e0" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P066", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T4-C1", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Table 4 column 1", "outcome_label": "All anti-oil-theft law-enforcement events within 15 km", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "Local participation (DI+NNPC): binary indicator equal to one from the earliest observed year of indigenous Nigerian ownership or operatorship onward; explicitly recoded as absorbing", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; 314 fields; published N=3183", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "The archive supplies frozen estimates but not this specification\u2019s input sample or required outcome/controls.", "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "The archive supplies frozen estimates but not this specification\u2019s input sample or required outcome/controls." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P067", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T4-C2", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P067.json", "input_bytes": 491944, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p067", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-T4-C2", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T4-C2", "specification_id": "S22-P067", "data": "repl-archives/twfe-microdata-replication-private/outputs/expansion_nigerian_oil_2026_10_06/validation/native_inputs/REXER-T4-C2.csv", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P067" }, "source": { "file": "REXER-T4-C2.csv", "bytes": 491944, "sha256": "7e1fad1c38d32923b034f3aad6bbe6a8de40809a9b4818cc683a10f81e96e270" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3183, "source_sd": 4.284191563456333, "rows": 2895, "units": 271, "clusters": 271, "treated_units": 56, "never_treated_units": 215, "treated_cohorts": 8, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2895, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 38, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 5 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": 0.20669876701357798, "se": 0.1564704858157978, "pvalue": 0.18761714949497568, "lower": -0.10135860770163874, "upper": 0.5147561417287947 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": 0.3886555393055301, "se": 0.1548987671810266, "pvalue": 0.012690259730360214, "lower": 0.0836925469838633, "upper": 0.6936185316271969 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": 0.18288565460271392, "se": 0.13538578398640633, "pvalue": 0.17787500863224354, "lower": -0.083660390622148, "upper": 0.4494316998275758 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": 0.3501846101921218, "se": 0.1370096483410346, "pvalue": 0.011139099046059241, "lower": 0.08044151865291976, "upper": 0.6199277017313238 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.1875536331059536, "se": 0.10361473091297037, "pvalue": 0.07139108870011543, "lower": -0.01644191161581382, "upper": 0.39154917782772103 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.02511668813121321, "se": 0.16800130626845583, "pvalue": 0.8812684058383446, "lower": -0.3056424393039386, "upper": 0.355875815566365 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.055066863380337706, "se": 0.14896182210661127, "pvalue": 0.7119174289873234, "lower": -0.23820753665558717, "upper": 0.3483412634162626 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.0630057389088812, "se": 0.10306051868246177, "pvalue": 0.5414842503018631, "lower": -0.13989867885769464, "upper": 0.26591015667545703 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.09728856900162006, "se": 0.09828323010421605, "pvalue": 0.3231192059351398, "lower": -0.09621037545797137, "upper": 0.29078751346121146 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.16736613865111782, "se": 0.08895777894905738, "pvalue": 0.06099187816555083, "lower": -0.007772959950545555, "upper": 0.3425052372527812 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.08957700740668616, "se": 0.07826723441744893, "pvalue": 0.25342907618308946, "lower": -0.06451466448371619, "upper": 0.24366867929708852 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.3825741277735738, "se": 0.12767023486332152, "pvalue": 0.0029841912309594263, "lower": 0.13121837095966427, "upper": 0.6339298845874833 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.2640947781057169, "se": 0.12557213330430494, "pvalue": 0.03637966678179955, "lower": 0.016869740607892536, "upper": 0.5113198156035412 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.15186211601459487, "se": 0.14327702521776398, "pvalue": 0.29012845465911163, "lower": -0.1302201183152099, "upper": 0.43394435034439965 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.47070238838849937, "se": 0.2571859175910277, "pvalue": 0.06832197108676703, "lower": -0.03564242273508783, "upper": 0.9770471995120866 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.3914085072364011, "se": 0.187020532634336, "pvalue": 0.03729470891104517, "lower": 0.02320453572832365, "upper": 0.7596124787444785 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.3300139427209618, "se": 0.15506642394639628, "pvalue": 0.034225371312824195, "lower": 0.024720869600198925, "upper": 0.6353070158417247 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.4201771201486364, "se": 0.20311557028970892, "pvalue": 0.03952982648589372, "lower": 0.020285415198651624, "upper": 0.8200688250986212 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.9379454706617457, "se": 0.35218687723964776, "pvalue": 0.008205014070231262, "lower": 0.2445638131182355, "upper": 1.631327128205256 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.711796859906095, "se": 0.770120561245901, "pvalue": 0.3561727132995631, "lower": -0.804408046563677, "upper": 2.228001766375867 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.21752160891551064, "se": 0.34635361031006917, "pvalue": 0.5305129493550153, "lower": -0.46437557673561636, "upper": 0.8994187945666376 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.04988361550968533, "se": 0.04237711318002853, "pvalue": 0.24017795986059146, "lower": -0.03354797969618295, "upper": 0.1333152107155536 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.009790096517614272, "se": 0.06145588180437262, "pvalue": 0.8735493819667096, "lower": -0.11120356890597867, "upper": 0.13078376194120722 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.02598199334137606, "se": 0.04980422373826552, "pvalue": 0.6023190628748682, "lower": -0.07207201559549856, "upper": 0.12403600227825068 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.003344791258426259, "se": 0.03979089070172199, "pvalue": 0.9330716376708125, "lower": -0.0749950775241311, "upper": 0.08168466004098361 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.005738262950412179, "se": 0.03891255902692036, "pvalue": 0.8828746068969899, "lower": -0.08234888197409078, "upper": 0.07087235607326643 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.014165441739566343, "se": 0.050213709107580606, "pvalue": 0.7780805902183764, "lower": -0.08469475749701758, "upper": 0.11302564097615025 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.07785000749290703, "se": 0.033542915883427185, "pvalue": 0.02103691064100817, "lower": -0.14388893204450864, "upper": -0.011811082941305423 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.16290091127856357, "se": 0.0831537972808162, "pvalue": 0.05113815568465464, "lower": -0.0008113719317392742, "upper": 0.3266131944888664 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.059910133567795724, "se": 0.09763608347049776, "pvalue": 0.5399919933229311, "lower": -0.13231471570381415, "upper": 0.2521349828394056 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.17061672155315838, "se": 0.046683808937256, "pvalue": 0.0003093118954178844, "lower": -0.2625272920862363, "upper": -0.07870615102008045 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.020982638250488513, "se": 0.16355505464997203, "pvalue": 0.8980142075163176, "lower": -0.34298803431085656, "upper": 0.3010227578098795 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.4229553701564395, "se": 0.29524295779165405, "pvalue": 0.15313832204143424, "lower": -0.15831572391764598, "upper": 1.004226464230525 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.10157972771062841, "se": 0.17998380038350575, "pvalue": 0.5729623082629358, "lower": -0.2527704025924274, "upper": 0.4559298580136842 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.03883933286916847, "se": 0.12895154397301092, "pvalue": 0.7634989709627803, "lower": -0.21503905125347383, "upper": 0.29271771699181076 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.10262408869776522, "se": 0.18152854569455337, "pvalue": 0.5723167028554901, "lower": -0.25476731921521106, "upper": 0.46001549661074154 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.6538130153586188, "se": 0.3508505540609072, "pvalue": 0.06347627440326206, "lower": -0.03693770378096439, "upper": 1.344563734498202 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.4014975338858226, "se": 0.7431231924456901, "pvalue": 0.5894465978566895, "lower": -1.0615552492716833, "upper": 1.8645503170433286 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.3041632716663262, "se": 0.2725958192914013, "pvalue": 0.26549848395156056, "lower": -0.840846928085154, "upper": 0.2325203847525017 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.33803154206740976, "se": 0.18716862446454202, "pvalue": 0.07202770643624902, "lower": -0.030463991010200697, "upper": 0.7065270751450202 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.29322938209628224, "se": 0.1600028765093172, "pvalue": 0.06795570560039316, "lower": -0.0217825246371649, "upper": 0.6082412888297294 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.35223826830221766, "se": 0.14891743049982903, "pvalue": 0.01872130899309802, "lower": 0.05905126597438726, "upper": 0.6454252706300481 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.30358167205874587, "se": 0.13527045769600313, "pvalue": 0.025626143905457806, "lower": 0.037262679968358636, "upper": 0.5699006641491331 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.24538399470030325, "se": 0.11190312609543777, "pvalue": 0.029173238295488003, "lower": 0.025070348534669995, "upper": 0.4656976408659365 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.22386973229653534, "se": 0.08758442387333046, "pvalue": 0.011134945170898847, "lower": 0.05143448009104348, "upper": 0.3963049845020272 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.13166740256893908, "se": 0.07980073303793507, "pvalue": 0.10011550422053613, "lower": -0.025443404570474365, "upper": 0.28877820970835255 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.4813375816938754, "se": 0.13675284633548035, "pvalue": 0.0005067705092677127, "lower": 0.2121000791239936, "upper": 0.7505750842637573 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.2684500241726279, "se": 0.1089954938007795, "pvalue": 0.014404462315149085, "lower": 0.053860892548248634, "upper": 0.4830391557970072 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.18172481243089733, "se": 0.15354789028747534, "pvalue": 0.2376497255394384, "lower": -0.1205785882928962, "upper": 0.48402821315469086 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.5992522577183349, "se": 0.2754181948868544, "pvalue": 0.03043822468909202, "lower": 0.057011939211686125, "upper": 1.1414925762249837 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.25096780969951005, "se": 0.1358575620584755, "pvalue": 0.06579958238459635, "lower": -0.01650706701438376, "upper": 0.5184426864134039 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.1454684915902707, "se": 0.1283238591815207, "pvalue": 0.2579660653320901, "lower": -0.10717411360571333, "upper": 0.3981110967862547 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.261009526733868, "se": 0.19238908722058431, "pvalue": 0.17601762318397346, "lower": -0.11776399610673316, "upper": 0.6397830495744692 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.8501670970059286, "se": 0.364456997535304, "pvalue": 0.02039914626246768, "lower": 0.1326281613277447, "upper": 1.5677060326841126 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.49427381328800885, "se": 0.938382139570489, "pvalue": 0.5988137137100719, "lower": -1.3532026413837182, "upper": 2.341750267959736 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.19520848579490013, "se": 0.26476694086131175, "pvalue": 0.46158974572479666, "lower": -0.7164787323072926, "upper": 0.3260617607174924 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 ], "weights": [ 0.25339366515837103, 0.24434389140271492, 0.14479638009049775, 0.13574660633484162, 0.13122171945701358, 0.07239819004524888, 0.013574660633484163, 0.004524886877828055 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 8.879669224248765e-06, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 8.025615567910067e-16 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 3.419465075769698, "df_num": 21, "df_den": 2494, "pvalue": 2.3709648141606276e-07, "log10_pvalue": -6.625074891036264, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2895, "design_columns": 120, "restricted_design_columns": 99, "fixed_effect_rank": 281, "covariance_rank": 21, "rss_unrestricted": 1133.2398045696164, "rss_restricted": 1165.8687350500315, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 4, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ -0.007102272727272724, -0.07741477272727278, 0.0014204545454545336, 0.005681818181818184, -0.029474431818181795, -0.02911931818181818 ], [ 0.0007102272726244227, 0.0007647330866539602, -0.07611103770263562, 0.0017573995771377996, 0.009536590468599053, -0.02499504492605062 ], [ 0.0007102272726244227, 0.008516671071150082, 0.0014083421423255948, -0.07576198026782341, 0.005660621476351029, 0.013764644996430079 ], [ 0.0007102272726244227, 0.008516671071150082, 0.009160280126821723, 0.0017573995771377965, -0.07185875836861025, 0.009888676004182025 ], [ 0.0007102272717775185, 0.008516671070929346, 0.009160280126589766, 0.009509337561393404, 0.0057369952492610015, -0.06680332129765942 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_5,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_8,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.6.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.3811452369224303 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.5651221333768164 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.028153637746340922 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.10916876950341635 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.19296876005029534 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.18293016386114386 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.6043857080215985 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.12022419066843579 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.661460630519662 }, { "event_time": 6.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.2969233600649946 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.4137724365642909 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.14812392149910042 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.15094852098324776 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.5511488263005677 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.04746458837644246 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.023729207781288633 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.20999628582910473 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.14028478311993048 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.20849330354205453 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.54362598748893 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.22808548816542462 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.03611842465341492 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.22118346087889015 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.29331253531177265 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.08653525681228434 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.23512238927420345 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.2076822261134429 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.030126155804956645 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.09513111302684855 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.07120934810567893 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.3059806786024419 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.037344779638438096 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.16241424449405312 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.25527920176652585 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.04513655090189797 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.09777853474012109 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -1.0144183468606385 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.8348311357281655 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.5949693977107454 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -1.59497506852117 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.41471231037117556 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.3525686928261382 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.3382830210948228 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.6205820401667477 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.3538479101116154 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.5209571774579265 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 3.1548261347811746 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.3275250641875078 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.2457368520626399 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 3.4596207521476434 }, { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.04092615277112227 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.08194975334427282 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.13663084060788777 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.015703800827323422 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.04811993431180872 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.16178457409425046 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.8842149688563998 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.029892568412572734 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.667737700338756 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 1.6196891599858563 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.3506988907399461 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.27115467022858214 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.3159283905970082 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "7c15e11678a92a15a1449529a9d5f84b6508338c54cf3d6ce25067b0b5f700e0" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P068", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T4-C3", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Table 4 column 3", "outcome_label": "Oil-seizure enforcement events within 15 km", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "Local participation (DI+NNPC): binary indicator equal to one from the earliest observed year of indigenous Nigerian ownership or operatorship onward; explicitly recoded as absorbing", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; 314 fields; published N=3183", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "The archive supplies frozen estimates but not this specification\u2019s input sample or required outcome/controls.", "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "The archive supplies frozen estimates but not this specification\u2019s input sample or required outcome/controls." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P069", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T4-C4", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P069.json", "input_bytes": 491878, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p069", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-T4-C4", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T4-C4", "specification_id": "S22-P069", "data": "repl-archives/twfe-microdata-replication-private/outputs/expansion_nigerian_oil_2026_10_06/validation/native_inputs/REXER-T4-C4.csv", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P069" }, "source": { "file": "REXER-T4-C4.csv", "bytes": 491878, "sha256": "e4f8dbc0109447554f227ea72ce25549a3a8d594dbaa8e8dc77e042046b84896" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3183, "source_sd": 3.1093497459604946, "rows": 2895, "units": 271, "clusters": 271, "treated_units": 56, "never_treated_units": 215, "treated_cohorts": 8, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2895, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 38, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 5 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": 0.2615822418401665, "se": 0.17074781937748124, "pvalue": 0.12669819844525623, "lower": -0.07458419045235842, "upper": 0.5977486741326914 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": 0.47335673612636137, "se": 0.16852663112013638, "pvalue": 0.005335946886743646, "lower": 0.14156335489032418, "upper": 0.8051501173623985 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": 0.22654313015394537, "se": 0.14190017857184178, "pvalue": 0.11154771670579652, "lower": -0.052828383614618474, "upper": 0.5059146439225092 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": 0.3868750332009083, "se": 0.14566970373299135, "pvalue": 0.008381648712648558, "lower": 0.10008211967754521, "upper": 0.6736679467242714 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.17619545341899978, "se": 0.10917548429102061, "pvalue": 0.10772286270110437, "lower": -0.03874804150660077, "upper": 0.39113894834460033 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.08884130465083347, "se": 0.16855141412067084, "pvalue": 0.5985657843413218, "lower": -0.24300086908458413, "upper": 0.42068347838625103 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.07746600235988868, "se": 0.15656843274296828, "pvalue": 0.6211619643461848, "lower": -0.23078420919026363, "upper": 0.38571621391004096 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.03620157278172885, "se": 0.12971990442841463, "pvalue": 0.7804009647358994, "lower": -0.21918955097032383, "upper": 0.29159269653378156 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.07528892726298592, "se": 0.10049202206042931, "pvalue": 0.45438706689334774, "lower": -0.12255866255151401, "upper": 0.2731365170774859 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.11565909746342955, "se": 0.08165367537563455, "pvalue": 0.15779378431405308, "lower": -0.04509976220853855, "upper": 0.27641795713539763 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.12371684467294577, "se": 0.07583567983734538, "pvalue": 0.10397588478738715, "lower": -0.025587609254157873, "upper": 0.2730212986000494 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.5289700457351941, "se": 0.13944934837906298, "pvalue": 0.00018351033751202298, "lower": 0.2544236995445532, "upper": 0.803516391925835 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.32397833911989116, "se": 0.100226611998203, "pvalue": 0.001379673987792152, "lower": 0.12665328572218673, "upper": 0.5213033925175956 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.2022894118416474, "se": 0.16057748918214185, "pvalue": 0.20884307199504698, "lower": -0.11385378601386381, "upper": 0.5184326096971585 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.641590395538845, "se": 0.30145930643169716, "pvalue": 0.03421936862435149, "lower": 0.04808062250634826, "upper": 1.2351001685713419 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.4955845265470973, "se": 0.18115406266036083, "pvalue": 0.006637181523625082, "lower": 0.13893039672070245, "upper": 0.852238656373492 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.2895938919969025, "se": 0.14181219667243777, "pvalue": 0.04211375021434417, "lower": 0.010395596026005427, "upper": 0.5687921879677995 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.5650931969329042, "se": 0.1935006630381437, "pvalue": 0.003791365142700641, "lower": 0.18413121582575565, "upper": 0.9460551780400527 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.9525110610560763, "se": 0.34202189631786384, "pvalue": 0.005732645991466769, "lower": 0.279142106358529, "upper": 1.6258800157536237 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.6544130942287916, "se": 0.7431169511652819, "pvalue": 0.37929984054558885, "lower": -0.8086274011643644, "upper": 2.1174535896219475 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.5001096816439707, "se": 0.3734659599506518, "pvalue": 0.18166312902556184, "lower": -0.23516600033566748, "upper": 1.235385363623609 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.03839010641742826, "se": 0.0364945907732222, "pvalue": 0.29376779080923937, "lower": -0.03346004325322565, "upper": 0.11024025608808216 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.0538615265931588, "se": 0.048242929084086596, "pvalue": 0.265215861989623, "lower": -0.041118622568719836, "upper": 0.14884167575503743 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.029288949665944405, "se": 0.04398987776545394, "pvalue": 0.5061002565884821, "lower": -0.05731783875051251, "upper": 0.11589573808240132 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.03286191597558014, "se": 0.03580046236545373, "pvalue": 0.35948062755977345, "lower": -0.1033454732572762, "upper": 0.0376216413061159 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.049377769986403156, "se": 0.03353958343856376, "pvalue": 0.14212514257597902, "lower": -0.11541013365714178, "upper": 0.016654593684335472 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.057648583600080704, "se": 0.02941170088055706, "pvalue": 0.05101763062403641, "lower": -0.1155540174071946, "upper": 0.00025685020703319905 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.07626807305565506, "se": 0.029083427375811047, "pvalue": 0.009227427616585394, "lower": -0.13352720559046594, "upper": -0.01900894052084416 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.25998013670328957, "se": 0.09268898185661406, "pvalue": 0.005399529621492374, "lower": 0.0774950867789925, "upper": 0.4424651866275866 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.08515748302262337, "se": 0.08741219221714021, "pvalue": 0.3308262505642081, "lower": -0.0869386813889488, "upper": 0.25725364743419554 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.19941386155043378, "se": 0.042230799573346404, "pvalue": 3.7570423111255947e-06, "lower": -0.28255739613372133, "upper": -0.11627032696714625 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.02401485916063881, "se": 0.18261358424826343, "pvalue": 0.8954726440062761, "lower": -0.3835424790664264, "upper": 0.33551276074514874 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.5800033599020374, "se": 0.34027215030247737, "pvalue": 0.08943286406304429, "lower": -0.0899207140494187, "upper": 1.2499274338534936 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.14894791752901979, "se": 0.17686311334449434, "pvalue": 0.40044096068987317, "lower": -0.19925823839104986, "upper": 0.49715407344908946 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.040020453576031755, "se": 0.11113242654335212, "pvalue": 0.7190426706477044, "lower": -0.2588167549243862, "upper": 0.1787758477723227 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.19342470127246963, "se": 0.1605363656111643, "pvalue": 0.22931030363636704, "lower": -0.12263753294796237, "upper": 0.5094869354929017 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.6263064692670195, "se": 0.33198836803245324, "pvalue": 0.06029637347403728, "lower": -0.02730858509194789, "upper": 1.2799215236259869 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.3590429321752469, "se": 0.7401094180195961, "pvalue": 0.6279835906107355, "lower": -1.0980763649778804, "upper": 1.8161622293283741 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.1823859530396703, "se": 0.29372215517456046, "pvalue": 0.5351581904736823, "lower": -0.7606629076168452, "upper": 0.39589100153750456 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.2938083226579198, "se": 0.22570568753539513, "pvalue": 0.194117531295066, "lower": -0.1505585571273209, "upper": 0.7381752024431605 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.5081848759957531, "se": 0.14964019712786678, "pvalue": 0.0007865193041676092, "lower": 0.21357489866529383, "upper": 0.8027948533262124 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.4882867221830594, "se": 0.146241213022629, "pvalue": 0.0009594721499120441, "lower": 0.2003686274443814, "upper": 0.7762048169217375 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.3837761706758692, "se": 0.12728069658260902, "pvalue": 0.0028126335144017713, "lower": 0.13318733255261062, "upper": 0.6343650087991278 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.27118136373740154, "se": 0.09996683436177739, "pvalue": 0.00710229249057604, "lower": 0.07436775769840992, "upper": 0.46799496977639315 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.20048982433192464, "se": 0.08039729582364202, "pvalue": 0.01323934857308162, "lower": 0.042204510929176486, "upper": 0.3587751377346728 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.1750102647066115, "se": 0.07164544941627579, "pvalue": 0.015218134300750329, "lower": 0.03395549043146562, "upper": 0.31606503898175736 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.6412181693611645, "se": 0.14405419979258677, "pvalue": 1.250236260641951e-05, "lower": 0.35760584226039993, "upper": 0.924830496461929 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.34729372824805693, "se": 0.07948285728698544, "pvalue": 1.7783162412559088e-05, "lower": 0.19080875139742046, "upper": 0.5037787050986934 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.2170847746995009, "se": 0.1742034671492553, "pvalue": 0.21378711072815432, "lower": -0.12588509898941883, "upper": 0.5600546483884207 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.793999411095967, "se": 0.3121351428526416, "pvalue": 0.01152426994011862, "lower": 0.17947116851901634, "upper": 1.4085276536729174 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.24170920731054488, "se": 0.12401109329572632, "pvalue": 0.052319724358172295, "lower": -0.0024424717557458286, "upper": 0.48586088637683555 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.018219044092920737, "se": 0.11258623906735359, "pvalue": 0.8715662618743685, "lower": -0.20343950739249295, "upper": 0.23987759557833443 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.30873183852499525, "se": 0.1795757715345455, "pvalue": 0.08671880587428882, "lower": -0.04481496905963589, "upper": 0.6622786461096264 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.76252656248354, "se": 0.3598557212345662, "pvalue": 0.03500529694507492, "lower": 0.05404656907267469, "upper": 1.4710065558944052 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.34711692710833497, "se": 0.8466175618732922, "pvalue": 0.6821278440872833, "lower": -1.3196944343998938, "upper": 2.0139282886165635 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.009598299965090613, "se": 0.2983721932433956, "pvalue": 0.9743611386712588, "lower": -0.5970301984432995, "upper": 0.5778335985131182 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 ], "weights": [ 0.25339366515837103, 0.24434389140271492, 0.14479638009049775, 0.13574660633484162, 0.13122171945701358, 0.07239819004524888, 0.013574660633484163, 0.004524886877828055 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 9.103090156670213e-10, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 1.283822542157734e-15 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 4.774015880259912, "df_num": 21, "df_den": 2494, "pvalue": 4.967188280417718e-12, "log10_pvalue": -11.303889377835112, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2895, "design_columns": 120, "restricted_design_columns": 99, "fixed_effect_rank": 281, "covariance_rank": 21, "rss_unrestricted": 1239.7474540582355, "rss_restricted": 1289.583081442719, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 4, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ -0.007102272727272724, -0.07741477272727278, 0.0014204545454545336, 0.005681818181818184, -0.029474431818181795, -0.02911931818181818 ], [ 0.0007102272726244227, 0.0007647330866539602, -0.07611103770263562, 0.0017573995771377996, 0.009536590468599053, -0.02499504492605062 ], [ 0.0007102272726244227, 0.008516671071150082, 0.0014083421423255948, -0.07576198026782341, 0.005660621476351029, 0.013764644996430079 ], [ 0.0007102272726244227, 0.008516671071150082, 0.009160280126821723, 0.0017573995771377965, -0.07185875836861025, 0.009888676004182025 ], [ 0.0007102272717775185, 0.008516671070929346, 0.009160280126589766, 0.009509337561393404, 0.0057369952492610015, -0.06680332129765942 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_5,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_8,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.6.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.057851186838485585 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.2157591028774675 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.02640671514112277 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.02293021835684425 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.12439117206157835 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.18333632329528526 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.7571006950481621 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.3530867395824205 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.6043379237516591 }, { "event_time": 6.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.7045732944401379 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.19311877630804208 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.1781786102930231 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.1173146213890531 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.4635216509816892 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.06351411184455712 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.008562777765573737 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.32812771635355426 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.3398685986750244 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.018290952644671607 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.3934294762234669 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.2905029093689145 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.1292831096678967 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.3233550585194093 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.4299678762135483 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.2024369938891002 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.02630243974829393 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.23606768356740895 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.036036674027259574 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.22230671669596389 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.16754368110244516 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.20112316961262777 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.1556221827078109 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.27816101040404434 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.3172612847597788 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.1270480799385005 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.020985852316680438 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.9727986111825547 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.6548695399386428 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.6300710842842419 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -1.3332883305808427 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.06301123968177058 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.08096075905536149 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.22590234031198875 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.17622314454708898 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.03126589768044072 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.09714235514336855 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 2.891441922318978 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.8070006381108666 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.8734427766890034 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 3.2748394207631435 }, { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.25134199181558486 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.2796619880427051 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.03153283115144542 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.08113784901405938 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.15461867065289367 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.24991068818131196 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 1.1655828751176167 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.11014094685535143 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.5763026762508953 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 2.2246281065159823 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.31325475130241875 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.060203682774482126 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.22477597653306958 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "7c15e11678a92a15a1449529a9d5f84b6508338c54cf3d6ce25067b0b5f700e0" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P070", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T4-C5", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Table 4 column 5", "outcome_label": "Illegal-refinery raid events within 15 km", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "Local participation (DI+NNPC): binary indicator equal to one from the earliest observed year of indigenous Nigerian ownership or operatorship onward; explicitly recoded as absorbing", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; 314 fields; published N=3183", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "The archive supplies frozen estimates but not this specification\u2019s input sample or required outcome/controls.", "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "The archive supplies frozen estimates but not this specification\u2019s input sample or required outcome/controls." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P071", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T4-C6", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P071.json", "input_bytes": 491858, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p071", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-T4-C6", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T4-C6", "specification_id": "S22-P071", "data": "repl-archives/twfe-microdata-replication-private/outputs/expansion_nigerian_oil_2026_10_06/validation/native_inputs/REXER-T4-C6.csv", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P071" }, "source": { "file": "REXER-T4-C6.csv", "bytes": 491858, "sha256": "ecc20a18db70fcf5129a166722e67f523f0f13fbb9529831145e49dacb0dfd1e" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3183, "source_sd": 2.5187092339822925, "rows": 2895, "units": 271, "clusters": 271, "treated_units": 56, "never_treated_units": 215, "treated_cohorts": 8, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2895, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 38, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 5 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": 0.2911068444010106, "se": 0.16302856058516044, "pvalue": 0.075283312821575, "lower": -0.02986199592449551, "upper": 0.6120756847265167 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": 0.49225166774338847, "se": 0.1574145333120473, "pvalue": 0.001958379844288605, "lower": 0.18233566268146567, "upper": 0.8021676728053113 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": 0.25221736010405515, "se": 0.1516705068305367, "pvalue": 0.09748688284141802, "lower": -0.046389868679944324, "upper": 0.5508245888880546 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": 0.4347640408285339, "se": 0.13817397758419128, "pvalue": 0.0018373611878824505, "lower": 0.1627286306576044, "upper": 0.7067994509994635 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.18334382735440882, "se": 0.0974935390737757, "pvalue": 0.06110617482861901, "lower": -0.00860038207381067, "upper": 0.37528803678262834 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.10194570585368946, "se": 0.16710957587775332, "pvalue": 0.542339763442483, "lower": -0.22705779257781128, "upper": 0.4309492042851902 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.07623912636969755, "se": 0.15795556240272055, "pvalue": 0.6297269341200288, "lower": -0.23474205082643573, "upper": 0.3872203035658308 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.006560832482851203, "se": 0.10176813122614851, "pvalue": 0.9486449419801637, "lower": -0.19379914704777879, "upper": 0.20692081201348117 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.1562545365383782, "se": 0.08300026664125142, "pvalue": 0.060832672614055186, "lower": -0.007155477234234292, "upper": 0.3196645503109907 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.1490983328671996, "se": 0.07989064558282853, "pvalue": 0.06308622422796434, "lower": -0.008189493103525292, "upper": 0.30638615883792447 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.13029189582996703, "se": 0.07217076365765832, "pvalue": 0.07213723557535785, "lower": -0.01179711135662595, "upper": 0.27238090301656004 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.3448090536427187, "se": 0.0966991668090993, "pvalue": 0.00042895157696793, "lower": 0.15442879560844372, "upper": 0.5351893116769937 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.33311206924813036, "se": 0.11414504742875622, "pvalue": 0.0038155522462121776, "lower": 0.10838455297364369, "upper": 0.557839585522617 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.30998089189537403, "se": 0.1435034785424657, "pvalue": 0.03164554540064186, "lower": 0.027452818745938634, "upper": 0.5925089650448094 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.43109532592465544, "se": 0.23757621005384327, "pvalue": 0.07070187411092692, "lower": -0.036642108278342356, "upper": 0.8988327601276532 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.6047657218919594, "se": 0.2629700413959287, "pvalue": 0.022225457054395, "lower": 0.08703319132035292, "upper": 1.1224982524635658 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.528258547840585, "se": 0.1772530153571288, "pvalue": 0.0031425304758822474, "lower": 0.17928475711844954, "upper": 0.8772323385627205 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.4159405422776365, "se": 0.20932553677033597, "pvalue": 0.047927180810896614, "lower": 0.003822723494634417, "upper": 0.8280583610606386 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 1.0794325335164496, "se": 0.4279396606252846, "pvalue": 0.012231135198725065, "lower": 0.23690962766990853, "upper": 1.9219554393629907 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 1.1268562385231224, "se": 1.056910948631253, "pvalue": 0.28729518672527116, "lower": -0.9539784341985265, "upper": 3.2076909112447716 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.23551651157224712, "se": 0.38454261652944643, "pvalue": 0.5407497080809124, "lower": -0.5215667702783504, "upper": 0.9925997934228445 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.04145262351089132, "se": 0.03201478118056608, "pvalue": 0.19649662226918288, "lower": -0.021577726213833387, "upper": 0.10448297323561603 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.06730425685072897, "se": 0.04912730331348528, "pvalue": 0.17182598742552344, "lower": -0.029417038585182922, "upper": 0.16402555228664084 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.05578441898382461, "se": 0.047723557714190505, "pvalue": 0.2434719140797494, "lower": -0.03817319752674758, "upper": 0.1497420354943968 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.030086866749602554, "se": 0.03934699051849772, "pvalue": 0.44514488754908954, "lower": -0.10755278972463775, "upper": 0.04737905622543265 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.028889376949989318, "se": 0.026786666532138525, "pvalue": 0.28177395396640914, "lower": -0.02384791805002031, "upper": 0.08162667194999895 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.02152901495331, "se": 0.03491047667176762, "pvalue": 0.5379574717021957, "lower": -0.09026037817168726, "upper": 0.047202348265067265 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.05946315931168235, "se": 0.03370785362540321, "pvalue": 0.07885027829665904, "lower": -0.1258268114789725, "upper": 0.006900492855607801 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.11185961699771056, "se": 0.06813464588707535, "pvalue": 0.10180737460450012, "lower": -0.022283125831328507, "upper": 0.24600235982674962 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.10032969393966275, "se": 0.09042840091998798, "pvalue": 0.26820468963412786, "lower": -0.07770474905363707, "upper": 0.2783641369329626 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.19222415079132718, "se": 0.03659252929675907, "pvalue": 3.037156659971238e-07, "lower": -0.26426712075193515, "upper": -0.12018118083071924 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.13478146771817925, "se": 0.1731011893242692, "pvalue": 0.43688060222172415, "lower": -0.20601825348989652, "upper": 0.475581188926255 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.3711420619444298, "se": 0.2834104308918312, "pvalue": 0.1914590365214726, "lower": -0.18683328306872593, "upper": 0.9291174069575855 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.26164015269543556, "se": 0.27967012844747124, "pvalue": 0.35035054315349967, "lower": -0.28897132592692437, "upper": 0.8122516313177954 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.1742054636399426, "se": 0.1577596625215576, "pvalue": 0.2704695896106189, "lower": -0.13639002802077843, "upper": 0.48480095530066364 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.019889763865623866, "se": 0.19809001563833314, "pvalue": 0.9200951685314994, "lower": -0.3701076842581042, "upper": 0.4098872119893519 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.780062278159077, "se": 0.4441049547323208, "pvalue": 0.08013980850765444, "lower": -0.09428668126011908, "upper": 1.6544112375782731 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.6933664522321471, "se": 1.102949473449718, "pvalue": 0.5301112888220452, "lower": -1.4781083627335403, "upper": 2.8648412671978343 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.5859447090180329, "se": 0.3088827895759909, "pvalue": 0.05889753944995527, "lower": -1.1940697541687868, "upper": 0.02218033613272119 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.18827658870955566, "se": 0.11721070481938548, "pvalue": 0.10937492510388996, "lower": -0.04248656018030697, "upper": 0.41903973759941826 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.4724936770199948, "se": 0.13930538323248992, "pvalue": 0.0007983418353301357, "lower": 0.19823076782945365, "upper": 0.7467565862105359 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.46083742598140764, "se": 0.14035300783021534, "pvalue": 0.0011608371149422314, "lower": 0.18451196498386113, "upper": 0.7371628869789542 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.3236806408762401, "se": 0.10360788592157814, "pvalue": 0.0019778203435547523, "lower": 0.11969857249838023, "upper": 0.5276627092541 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.32015990166982256, "se": 0.08335247653096611, "pvalue": 0.00015274031142403454, "lower": 0.1560564609329583, "upper": 0.4842633424066868 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.23112362969622247, "se": 0.07616615170127233, "pvalue": 0.0026446102943582825, "lower": 0.08116854639139431, "upper": 0.3810787130010506 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.1949894595375715, "se": 0.07160899772511106, "pvalue": 0.0068912209821198585, "lower": 0.054006450951818025, "upper": 0.33597246812332493 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.45328644157910913, "se": 0.09612396786407446, "pvalue": 3.86702608286115e-06, "lower": 0.26403862891316976, "upper": 0.6425342542450485 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.34401662191578875, "se": 0.10946215608307289, "pvalue": 0.0018599446909302523, "lower": 0.1285087307131261, "upper": 0.5595245131184514 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.36907231919987327, "se": 0.14657329535416533, "pvalue": 0.0123809800652543, "lower": 0.08050042441252142, "upper": 0.6576442139872252 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.5818079048405902, "se": 0.24955562692709668, "pvalue": 0.020469689454221313, "lower": 0.09048552620955491, "upper": 1.0731302834716254 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.3978095136239591, "se": 0.16702802306259706, "pvalue": 0.017926377993324853, "lower": 0.06896657547963769, "upper": 0.7266524517682805 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.28894893437049746, "se": 0.14370329043350621, "pvalue": 0.04534775741272205, "lower": 0.006027473763549562, "upper": 0.5718703949774453 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.1923122921922692, "se": 0.1990300082334931, "pvalue": 0.3347849072124912, "lower": -0.19953580303341523, "upper": 0.5841603874179536 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.9793753296556431, "se": 0.44618636137186046, "pvalue": 0.029015668467218775, "lower": 0.10092851969454841, "upper": 1.8578221396167378 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.6669483927187526, "se": 1.1928980826601991, "pvalue": 0.576557442948288, "lower": -1.6816162565897903, "upper": 3.0155130420272958 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.6491031067827621, "se": 0.30331203168090926, "pvalue": 0.0332469369324607, "lower": -1.2462605049463829, "upper": -0.051945708619141384 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 ], "weights": [ 0.25339366515837103, 0.24434389140271492, 0.14479638009049775, 0.13574660633484162, 0.13122171945701358, 0.07239819004524888, 0.013574660633484163, 0.004524886877828055 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 9.357841281032453e-08, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 8.824186596639411e-16 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 4.954403556329088, "df_num": 21, "df_den": 2494, "pvalue": 1.1205056782398701e-12, "log10_pvalue": -11.950585938306077, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2895, "design_columns": 120, "restricted_design_columns": 99, "fixed_effect_rank": 281, "covariance_rank": 21, "rss_unrestricted": 1288.3548696138434, "rss_restricted": 1342.1013126388648, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 4, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ -0.007102272727272724, -0.07741477272727278, 0.0014204545454545336, 0.005681818181818184, -0.029474431818181795, -0.02911931818181818 ], [ 0.0007102272726244227, 0.0007647330866539602, -0.07611103770263562, 0.0017573995771377996, 0.009536590468599053, -0.02499504492605062 ], [ 0.0007102272726244227, 0.008516671071150082, 0.0014083421423255948, -0.07576198026782341, 0.005660621476351029, 0.013764644996430079 ], [ 0.0007102272726244227, 0.008516671071150082, 0.009160280126821723, 0.0017573995771377965, -0.07185875836861025, 0.009888676004182025 ], [ 0.0007102272717775185, 0.008516671070929346, 0.009160280126589766, 0.009509337561393404, 0.0057369952492610015, -0.06680332129765942 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_5,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_8,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.6.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.12802141356647467 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.4609911458209436 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.2338538917402348 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.6056935778091282 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.15156736870619908 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.09881819052233026 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.038249471228804045 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.6641578216900756 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.3256257912941232 }, { "event_time": 6.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.7503605768101579 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.45907253840763657 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.07289403362420395 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.42423274170550945 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.9685692749494272 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.4641644368240745 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.009007753146064723 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.04865600306098519 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.684661866232205 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.5500402164752137 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 1.019947577897558 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.0470082574589229 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.15944036853647361 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.050887871750720196 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.2604087849486715 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.28777263396967145 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.5763250010664416 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.3550902164134816 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.39899535554624055 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.10794784714708519 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.2998942772351164 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.20307941833342882 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.12730950684384543 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.002818666803457326 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.25832657618161187 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.23466513206071685 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": 0.2629925715702439 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.8104775551975729 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.5734800769215593 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.3420931647082896 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -1.156550795498611 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.335677089897254 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.04289950208768273 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.28265857940792727 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.2508821978832009 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.011865037330487785 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.41674805063581066 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 2.5656115873234056 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.10696690172375248 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.3939770554460377 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 5.386501651396432 }, { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.3595742508149183 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.4533543487391919 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.025312489887267198 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.42388161896560717 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.313710909846841 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.3328580400793004 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 1.1961527867205834 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.40247765243771677 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 1.5795115126060124 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 1.781172284694625 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.6048077830319285 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.3597179218588486 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.7029261908886367 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "7c15e11678a92a15a1449529a9d5f84b6508338c54cf3d6ce25067b0b5f700e0" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P072", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T4-C7", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Table 4 column 7", "outcome_label": "Illegal-export enforcement events within 15 km", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "Local participation (DI+NNPC): binary indicator equal to one from the earliest observed year of indigenous Nigerian ownership or operatorship onward; explicitly recoded as absorbing", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; 314 fields; published N=3183", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "The archive supplies frozen estimates but not this specification\u2019s input sample or required outcome/controls.", "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "The archive supplies frozen estimates but not this specification\u2019s input sample or required outcome/controls." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P073", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T4-C8", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P073.json", "input_bytes": 491796, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p073", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-T4-C8", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T4-C8", "specification_id": "S22-P073", "data": "repl-archives/twfe-microdata-replication-private/outputs/expansion_nigerian_oil_2026_10_06/validation/native_inputs/REXER-T4-C8.csv", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P073" }, "source": { "file": "REXER-T4-C8.csv", "bytes": 491796, "sha256": "d97ecd3201f9f9a13136731511258a9c9d274d8591c144244ad6a391aaed3c5b" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3183, "source_sd": 1.0417263141243316, "rows": 2895, "units": 271, "clusters": 271, "treated_units": 56, "never_treated_units": 215, "treated_cohorts": 8, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 2895, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 38, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 0, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 5 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": 0.33394441883176845, "se": 0.16330693154006856, "pvalue": 0.04183541502820617, "lower": 0.01242752482624171, "upper": 0.6554613128372953 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": 0.5287490432684722, "se": 0.16321065016406017, "pvalue": 0.0013465250760535143, "lower": 0.20742170697903783, "upper": 0.8500763795579065 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": 0.3114864638893806, "se": 0.13750116007708946, "pvalue": 0.024284446503294838, "lower": 0.04077568944013105, "upper": 0.5821972383386302 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": 0.419648540500346, "se": 0.13814384282752282, "pvalue": 0.0026167917909230795, "lower": 0.147672459307521, "upper": 0.691624621693171 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.18305772255956754, "se": 0.11180731996011146, "pvalue": 0.10274095730013146, "lower": -0.03706730153861093, "upper": 0.403182746657746 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.07153503836069285, "se": 0.18705824961286308, "pvalue": 0.7024498268546318, "lower": -0.29674318992064547, "upper": 0.4398132666420312 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.11054296135499728, "se": 0.17432972837944472, "pvalue": 0.5265506147510728, "lower": -0.23267549405780266, "upper": 0.45376141676779724 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.09042165556894803, "se": 0.16390179151661152, "pvalue": 0.5816225951597408, "lower": -0.23226639222792506, "upper": 0.41310970336582115 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.29721540520241246, "se": 0.12563990688269525, "pvalue": 0.018707103164057375, "lower": 0.04985693582748285, "upper": 0.5445738745773421 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.15107758950399208, "se": 0.09555062630156039, "pvalue": 0.11501991285108856, "lower": -0.03704143458790832, "upper": 0.3391966135958925 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.08458502037918662, "se": 0.0989148720837391, "pvalue": 0.3932376468906291, "lower": -0.11015749387541947, "upper": 0.27932753463379273 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.2481541512736126, "se": 0.15783798577738195, "pvalue": 0.11707338238747236, "lower": -0.06259554235332973, "upper": 0.5589038449005549 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.3523921500827636, "se": 0.17490449273676667, "pvalue": 0.0449200947760336, "lower": 0.008042104913126569, "upper": 0.6967421952524007 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.00011254746757227585, "se": 0.12171889691178875, "pvalue": 0.9992629183569093, "lower": -0.23952628052213396, "upper": 0.2397513754572785 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.9261469911039085, "se": 0.3426604527379122, "pvalue": 0.007311468542450332, "lower": 0.25152085353674825, "upper": 1.6007731286710687 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.5946235862629079, "se": 0.15922474728828287, "pvalue": 0.00022944634889318456, "lower": 0.28114365179740153, "upper": 0.9081035207284143 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.3439532307920761, "se": 0.17491911142210928, "pvalue": 0.05028178977140215, "lower": -0.0004255954847771082, "upper": 0.6883320570689293 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.8430945909596448, "se": 0.2663389033715077, "pvalue": 0.0017255400057506571, "lower": 0.3187294819144435, "upper": 1.367459700004846 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.6790564403990778, "se": 0.24414913731495863, "pvalue": 0.0057951956737147545, "lower": 0.19837829916308086, "upper": 1.1597345816350746 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.2834647408088763, "se": 0.4691788830862911, "pvalue": 0.546236613354506, "lower": -0.6402494934878754, "upper": 1.207178975105628 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 1.323706293720324, "se": 0.30407829582825113, "pvalue": 1.9059894455283123e-05, "lower": 0.7250402831155913, "upper": 1.9223723043250565 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.01706962244608505, "se": 0.04171862693946446, "pvalue": 0.6827461126428274, "lower": -0.06506555227833177, "upper": 0.09920479717050187 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.009455937161888113, "se": 0.0661486509606137, "pvalue": 0.886436439926597, "lower": -0.1207768006585147, "upper": 0.13968867498229093 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.028902990101084276, "se": 0.06046367687260895, "pvalue": 0.6330210755243971, "lower": -0.09013723314544253, "upper": 0.14794321334761107 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.008614717189083507, "se": 0.07401091792164734, "pvalue": 0.9074237094235396, "lower": -0.15432659988909958, "upper": 0.1370971655109326 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.15094043992884248, "se": 0.06607661489424523, "pvalue": 0.02312875810439938, "lower": 0.020849525925082046, "upper": 0.2810313539326029 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.01396875638296379, "se": 0.05684017284503304, "pvalue": 0.8060586046559329, "lower": -0.12587506467942688, "upper": 0.09793755191349932 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.0900055255213871, "se": 0.05172880659628786, "pvalue": 0.08300728738962576, "lower": -0.19184863206074654, "upper": 0.011837581017972318 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.032601651462111095, "se": 0.10337205231255363, "pvalue": 0.7527154979220657, "lower": -0.17091611029532178, "upper": 0.23611941321954394 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.1301070121034397, "se": 0.12428441964909653, "pvalue": 0.2961054933477604, "lower": -0.11458278888674428, "upper": 0.37479681309362367 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.1779162567654746, "se": 0.060886379476720216, "pvalue": 0.003770967533472266, "lower": -0.29778869225847643, "upper": -0.058043821272472776 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.269936197265106, "se": 0.14806055567846987, "pvalue": 0.0693867995223388, "lower": -0.5614361938515583, "upper": 0.021563799321346333 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.9094682625658446, "se": 0.3800239246241004, "pvalue": 0.01738606975329651, "lower": 0.1612813317315438, "upper": 1.6576551934001453 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.3149011326302295, "se": 0.16454196694870826, "pvalue": 0.05670238408033643, "lower": -0.009047285529403704, "upper": 0.6388495507898627 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.06491572925577144, "se": 0.1785361182210261, "pvalue": 0.7164412738268727, "lower": -0.28658422029868913, "upper": 0.416415678810232 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.5435986888019255, "se": 0.23952306351086744, "pvalue": 0.0240265608442595, "lower": 0.07202831088561845, "upper": 1.0151690667182325 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.3832570538237511, "se": 0.21387398476433858, "pvalue": 0.07425644429088463, "lower": -0.03781569943622742, "upper": 0.8043298070837296 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.030869516279560777, "se": 0.5310512153321204, "pvalue": 0.9536888115438056, "lower": -1.014658286498062, "upper": 1.0763973190571834 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.8302578807284172, "se": 0.22717904615702195, "pvalue": 0.0003094141011108525, "lower": 0.3829902686636928, "upper": 1.2775254927931416 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.4070371035529217, "se": 0.13990993410049063, "pvalue": 0.003924170608644082, "lower": 0.1315839612503204, "upper": 0.6824902458555231 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.5577569766527831, "se": 0.16794406937111728, "pvalue": 0.0010203002565766256, "lower": 0.22711053659275532, "upper": 0.888403416712811 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.5436515618993214, "se": 0.16112741905249514, "pvalue": 0.0008493448465037985, "lower": 0.22642566815227988, "upper": 0.860877455646363 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.4530107830729654, "se": 0.17960784648479133, "pvalue": 0.012236999758128917, "lower": 0.09940082667841432, "upper": 0.8066207394675164 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.5327961482158832, "se": 0.13178495023847062, "pvalue": 6.891728394859277e-05, "lower": 0.2733393849434074, "upper": 0.792252911488359 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.21726223734299535, "se": 0.08793769370514845, "pvalue": 0.014105185903788335, "lower": 0.044131471370875, "upper": 0.3903930033151157 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.14036158479516314, "se": 0.08827199141995598, "pvalue": 0.11298170537263968, "lower": -0.03342734284789456, "upper": 0.31415051243822084 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.2886787375206255, "se": 0.15164510507386283, "pvalue": 0.058019390923049266, "lower": -0.00987848056369911, "upper": 0.5872359556049501 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.4147639370998166, "se": 0.18163444228632822, "pvalue": 0.023177379844092127, "lower": 0.05716404113950435, "upper": 0.7723638330601289 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.032287428137645194, "se": 0.13424781886919412, "pvalue": 0.8101203966437075, "lower": -0.29659306013250936, "upper": 0.232018203857219 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 1.0858279971440483, "se": 0.35277059313003195, "pvalue": 0.0022984570007489706, "lower": 0.3912971261636795, "upper": 1.7803588681244171 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.2946397409508294, "se": 0.0974796479815115, "pvalue": 0.002747148082561827, "lower": 0.10272288015256095, "upper": 0.4865566017490979 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.018092410504067014, "se": 0.15086787997300163, "pvalue": 0.9046339502671558, "lower": -0.27893461533418806, "upper": 0.3151194363423221 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.5405790605232504, "se": 0.23279587644066696, "pvalue": 0.020970727927724763, "lower": 0.0822530946585795, "upper": 0.9989050263879213 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.4801213064704321, "se": 0.2772503617706895, "pvalue": 0.0844647587687986, "lower": -0.06572616208327958, "upper": 1.0259687750241437 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.3793492044715851, "se": 0.5338109277923557, "pvalue": 0.4779186419365291, "lower": -0.671611889901168, "upper": 1.4303102988443384 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 1.447686282841491, "se": 0.3539469419307871, "pvalue": 5.69515219395955e-05, "lower": 0.7508394292563475, "upper": 2.1445331364266345 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 ], "weights": [ 0.25339366515837103, 0.24434389140271492, 0.14479638009049775, 0.13574660633484162, 0.13122171945701358, 0.07239819004524888, 0.013574660633484163, 0.004524886877828055 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 1.3264123466250055e-08, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 1.2181449985245645e-15 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 5.376550354574714, "df_num": 21, "df_den": 2494, "pvalue": 3.3171782546872654e-14, "log10_pvalue": -13.479231190239036, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 2895, "design_columns": 120, "restricted_design_columns": 99, "fixed_effect_rank": 281, "covariance_rank": 21, "rss_unrestricted": 1493.2453901210788, "rss_restricted": 1560.8471101155349, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 4, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ -0.007102272727272724, -0.07741477272727278, 0.0014204545454545336, 0.005681818181818184, -0.029474431818181795, -0.02911931818181818 ], [ 0.0007102272726244227, 0.0007647330866539602, -0.07611103770263562, 0.0017573995771377996, 0.009536590468599053, -0.02499504492605062 ], [ 0.0007102272726244227, 0.008516671071150082, 0.0014083421423255948, -0.07576198026782341, 0.005660621476351029, 0.013764644996430079 ], [ 0.0007102272726244227, 0.008516671071150082, 0.009160280126821723, 0.0017573995771377965, -0.07185875836861025, 0.009888676004182025 ], [ 0.0007102272717775185, 0.008516671070929346, 0.009160280126589766, 0.009509337561393404, 0.0057369952492610015, -0.06680332129765942 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_5,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_8,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.6.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_8", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.20108438744149715 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.7840360786216802 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.5861057377341364 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.436038488086306 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.37800516405495466 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.8957940031110535 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -1.4503689260526762 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.052218376830593494 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.6665240770849807 }, { "event_time": 6.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -1.9018079758183897 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.44506214720393245 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.3240580457172121 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -1.3671327811447296 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.16807046346933355 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.4057186518960004 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.5049477081828424 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.4109486094264168 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -1.5314564373666422 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -1.3361777591373174 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.6149443169689627 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.48579195342376663 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.35178304273995425 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.9511094552344626 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.7783397177975523 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.8248011026864381 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.3376794668113887 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.5321640439192725 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.9694560600543696 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.5914281815909008 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.155237917064493 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.11675595823640604 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.20004128179252276 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.7739192569601944 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.47041338788908027 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.6826107589145264 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.3396903504499674 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -0.8881028659415524 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -1.0227190449043604 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -1.0293347230387482 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 8, "estimate": -1.0968042282673092 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.1356666983258388 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.15332135176345585 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.5114614088496184 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.7819351957720522 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.24353285169149064 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.47545768158728113 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.97564822583035 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.0363441428377373 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -1.697054038349006 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 1.9090664036990337 }, { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.2520946522711758 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.07090035777217099 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.04664326370886274 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.30699492484226215 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.044935673550911465 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.19561460098612407 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.0631536026492926 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.07508201471887166 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.42102466713377174 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 2.193367831672125 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -0.24471781350973587 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -0.4070197048609456 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -0.217596833174456 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "7c15e11678a92a15a1449529a9d5f84b6508338c54cf3d6ce25067b0b5f700e0" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P074", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T6-PA-SECURITY-C3-HOLD", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P074.json", "input_bytes": 489392, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p074", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-T6-PA-SECURITY-C3-HOLD", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T6-PA-SECURITY-C3-HOLD", "specification_id": "S22-P074", "data": "repl-archives/twfe-microdata-replication-private/outputs/expansion_nigerian_oil_2026_10_06/validation/native_inputs/REXER-T6-PA-SECURITY-C3-HOLD.csv", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P074" }, "source": { "file": "REXER-T6-PA-SECURITY-C3-HOLD.csv", "bytes": 489392, "sha256": "d73a175f7699fa78e3a3f1dc3a6c1147104fff761f425ce8a036e3ff9fe3d7fe" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3183, "source_sd": 19.5457132368174, "rows": 3088, "units": 294, "clusters": 294, "treated_units": 24, "never_treated_units": 270, "treated_cohorts": 6, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 3088, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 13, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 8, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 7 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.22165896865343812, "se": 0.07654121317975122, "pvalue": 0.004064799390594503, "lower": -0.3722992291729832, "upper": -0.07101870813389308 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.18937460190794098, "se": 0.0751274755182498, "pvalue": 0.012242784302183509, "lower": -0.33723249459207255, "upper": -0.0415167092238094 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.3221663897992491, "se": 0.08079612185809601, "pvalue": 8.441780421994929e-05, "lower": -0.48118070823041215, "upper": -0.1631520713680861 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.24338332196265441, "se": 0.07423873180910699, "pvalue": 0.0011697991540697524, "lower": -0.3894920839717081, "upper": -0.09727455995360074 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.0040497195090615, "se": 0.2709299273109805, "pvalue": 0.9880842539093512, "lower": -0.529165696567783, "upper": 0.537265135585906 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.02528535462689342, "se": 0.17607980376236587, "pvalue": 0.8859137304859013, "lower": -0.3718268635614579, "upper": 0.32125615430767107 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.022995143335823223, "se": 0.10215067966921206, "pvalue": 0.8220505926510531, "lower": -0.22403722718000188, "upper": 0.17804694050835543 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.06802421483266399, "se": 0.13751141600028724, "pvalue": 0.6211963878878101, "lower": -0.33865953233211066, "upper": 0.2026111026667827 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.012391865407927805, "se": 0.10044744979480688, "pvalue": 0.9019013464035452, "lower": -0.21008183368787414, "upper": 0.18529810287201853 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.13419735085685486, "se": 0.07796105351654826, "pvalue": 0.08624498029021818, "lower": -0.01923728813339684, "upper": 0.2876319898471066 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.25659312415667024, "se": 0.15508560256039103, "pvalue": 0.09909152163816724, "lower": -0.04862983484796074, "upper": 0.5618160831613013 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.0374532517184653, "se": 0.13377783289024384, "pvalue": 0.7797010982455217, "lower": -0.22583402530705404, "upper": 0.30074052874398466 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.07323059458257251, "se": 0.14298351581012889, "pvalue": 0.6089240931100323, "lower": -0.20817432672505587, "upper": 0.3546355158902009 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.04973281241317877, "se": 0.08732061340806647, "pvalue": 0.5694243267924983, "lower": -0.22158793994592957, "upper": 0.12212231511957201 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.1461239458092446, "se": 0.08944112094028078, "pvalue": 0.10338650946287077, "lower": -0.32215243033251306, "upper": 0.029904538714023904 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.30217701819058235, "se": 0.09044919300733509, "pvalue": 0.0009434852668184449, "lower": -0.48018948274885387, "upper": -0.12416455363231083 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.3790654251261417, "se": 0.0952373685982449, "pvalue": 8.687350707613323e-05, "lower": -0.5665014667151833, "upper": -0.1916293835371001 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.1794060583016522, "se": 0.10596768209343949, "pvalue": 0.09151337873464745, "lower": -0.38796035962583114, "upper": 0.02914824302252672 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.11518885907401678, "se": 0.14112229884844898, "pvalue": 0.415029243853765, "lower": -0.3929307314653389, "upper": 0.16255301331730537 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.5358495014455233, "se": 0.18935205148812398, "pvalue": 0.004977854312330716, "lower": -0.9085120342315501, "upper": -0.16318696865949656 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.12663328688174552, "se": 0.2610797352292533, "pvalue": 0.6280126581657524, "lower": -0.6404626044148647, "upper": 0.3871960306513737 }, { "event_time": 8, "estimate": -0.1956936917279764, "se": 0.15443331356963347, "pvalue": 0.20609975839302952, "lower": -0.4996328850406397, "upper": 0.10824550158468688 }, { "event_time": 9, "estimate": -0.16132735133157453, "se": 0.07922671490877174, "pvalue": 0.042621863125799776, "lower": -0.31725293022117595, "upper": -0.005401772441973096 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.0287763894571245, "se": 0.23218491402434446, "pvalue": 0.9014498366860054, "lower": -0.485737998560393, "upper": 0.428185219646144 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.05655551607108525, "se": 0.13728055325935373, "pvalue": 0.6806623894966731, "lower": -0.3267364741216321, "upper": 0.21362544197946157 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.05174232295414049, "se": 0.06692981450509475, "pvalue": 0.4400962905272316, "lower": -0.18346645267096018, "upper": 0.07998180676267919 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.09408873946052158, "se": 0.10437614874644108, "pvalue": 0.3680952881979309, "lower": -0.299510754424745, "upper": 0.11133327550370183 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.040855505997369, "se": 0.06906750451865123, "pvalue": 0.5546214119295286, "lower": -0.17678680943373679, "upper": 0.09507579743899877 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.08252730302062897, "se": 0.04243868139859256, "pvalue": 0.05277687453883076, "lower": -0.0009959879804757599, "upper": 0.1660505940217337 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.19389168040697408, "se": 0.13612034370244666, "pvalue": 0.15539093260835105, "lower": -0.07400587681088272, "upper": 0.4617892376248309 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.0197118549564218, "se": 0.1268376287453181, "pvalue": 0.87660499209255, "lower": -0.2693401616440237, "upper": 0.22991645173118008 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.018211242576310738, "se": 0.13420904997438085, "pvalue": 0.8921570761947534, "lower": -0.24592470996918409, "upper": 0.28234719512180556 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.07728507547619151, "se": 0.03565908198808468, "pvalue": 0.031014895759789003, "lower": -0.14746548126565656, "upper": -0.0071046696867264475 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.1275115697987472, "se": 0.0905840036099841, "pvalue": 0.16029149185913588, "lower": -0.3057893542214446, "upper": 0.0507662146239502 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.2755002824837108, "se": 0.08823734217043443, "pvalue": 0.001973993669257521, "lower": -0.4491596178915649, "upper": -0.10184094707585667 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.44006373873002047, "se": 0.08494329961411688, "pvalue": 4.1207671170367225e-07, "lower": -0.6072400905499241, "upper": -0.2728873869101168 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.5160600021024727, "se": 0.0957025352973856, "pvalue": 1.4339949398746478e-07, "lower": -0.7044115352264997, "upper": -0.32770846897844574 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.3162955941560859, "se": 0.10005132887454263, "pvalue": 0.0017350383463477002, "lower": -0.513205959446389, "upper": -0.1193852288657827 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.2534615463633317, "se": 0.13554064499147597, "pvalue": 0.06248032944729218, "lower": -0.5202182023435978, "upper": 0.013295109616934475 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.7240760887533793, "se": 0.21053411496573318, "pvalue": 0.0006680459778640866, "lower": -1.1384269019840219, "upper": -0.3097252755227367 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.3400377551109753, "se": 0.3132301265218588, "pvalue": 0.2785552352301012, "lower": -0.9565039163019708, "upper": 0.27642840608002023 }, { "event_time": 8, "estimate": -0.4006335288704479, "se": 0.20054799507477442, "pvalue": 0.04667413663712384, "lower": -0.7953307249259789, "upper": -0.005936332814916956 }, { "event_time": 9, "estimate": -0.36184965688829457, "se": 0.11611551104399823, "pvalue": 0.0020130978553537858, "lower": -0.5903758339290235, "upper": -0.13332347984756562 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.006364176137246293, "se": 0.24361306806528937, "pvalue": 0.9791761249979789, "lower": -0.4858174603847606, "upper": 0.47308910811026805 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.0040156053924206014, "se": 0.15116067766038258, "pvalue": 0.9788246572014183, "lower": -0.293482734614228, "upper": 0.3015139453990693 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": 0.006113820535668862, "se": 0.08339843668374797, "pvalue": 0.9416105880521676, "lower": -0.1580220966656818, "upper": 0.1702497377370195 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.03811637423596205, "se": 0.11377809764476404, "pvalue": 0.7378600788665544, "lower": -0.2620423032694428, "upper": 0.18580955479751865 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.014428255765133638, "se": 0.0768427901368956, "pvalue": 0.8511921716492689, "lower": -0.13680553638924758, "upper": 0.16566204791951483 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.18623690356600525, "se": 0.06843003760822874, "pvalue": 0.006886237471327588, "lower": 0.05156019458234254, "upper": 0.320913612549668 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.2943362871575217, "se": 0.1563747692071113, "pvalue": 0.060793081767476165, "lower": -0.013423872283937821, "upper": 0.6020964465989812 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.07876510121415504, "se": 0.13504433498203114, "pvalue": 0.5601712177959173, "lower": -0.18701477028602131, "upper": 0.3445449727143314 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.11047402469274105, "se": 0.13436263596560813, "pvalue": 0.41162715431908936, "lower": -0.15396419943651218, "upper": 0.37491224882199425 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.04936390034285034, "se": 0.08526574982953922, "pvalue": 0.5630732844128653, "lower": -0.2171748643205432, "upper": 0.1184470636348425 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.1569061854847479, "se": 0.0680238890206944, "pvalue": 0.02177279350782184, "lower": -0.2907835560924675, "upper": -0.023028814877028347 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.3409545992529156, "se": 0.08508165754548974, "pvalue": 7.792765576786778e-05, "lower": -0.508403252411681, "upper": -0.17350594609415013 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.42158748982000593, "se": 0.08808829864669532, "pvalue": 2.7026682944847006e-06, "lower": -0.5949534936446241, "upper": -0.24822148599538768 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.21889464692154015, "se": 0.08552800032941543, "pvalue": 0.010989478156265825, "lower": -0.38722174439100243, "upper": -0.050567549452077865 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.14326063266342645, "se": 0.0944410023839456, "pvalue": 0.1303618588013449, "lower": -0.329129351120167, "upper": 0.0426080857933141 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.7137014525102603, "se": 0.16140811900543658, "pvalue": 1.3812732819365693e-05, "lower": -1.0313677147348712, "upper": -0.3960351902856494 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.34931445672387257, "se": 0.3182160754085916, "pvalue": 0.2732248929406841, "lower": -0.9755934312742631, "upper": 0.27696451782651793 }, { "event_time": 8, "estimate": -0.40758383347515936, "se": 0.20363698209131004, "pvalue": 0.046258050475539984, "lower": -0.8083604446533594, "upper": -0.006807222296959348 }, { "event_time": 9, "estimate": -0.36817005711216716, "se": 0.11777654967786884, "pvalue": 0.0019498645222729102, "lower": -0.5999653134128717, "upper": -0.13637480081146258 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0 ], "weights": [ 0.25, 0.125, 0.11458333333333333, 0.11458333333333333, 0.11458333333333333, 0.10416666666666667, 0.052083333333333336, 0.041666666666666664, 0.041666666666666664, 0.041666666666666664 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 5.551115123125783e-17, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": 5.551115123125783e-17, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 1.0736955288981954e-14 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.38590135930947755, "df_num": 16, "df_den": 2726, "pvalue": 0.9859921749777952, "log10_pvalue": -0.006126531689061887, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 3088, "design_columns": 58, "restricted_design_columns": 42, "fixed_effect_rank": 304, "covariance_rank": 16, "rss_unrestricted": 910.5996794167434, "rss_restricted": 912.6621982961194, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 2, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ -0.03717610793146061, -0.0030092835717773075, 0.004425675038249854, 0.0044256772792058, 0.00442570061871872, -0.012472508189210337 ], [ 0.003716096634648529, -0.03619518606690878, -0.002990326751864717, 0.004389749271638006, 0.004389772421699588, 0.006078929146495052 ], [ 0.0037161089596399817, 0.004394932894311658, -0.03593662093817719, -0.00297559315437592, 0.0043504371142981755, 0.0060395992452555135 ], [ 0.0037161089596399817, 0.004394932894311658, 0.004356419354863123, -0.03594262612140891, -0.0029755702117091587, 0.0060395992452555135 ], [ 0.0037161322981681313, 0.004394389529167936, 0.004355875747878896, 0.004349870526939023, -0.03556774621956359, -0.0012812539870485666 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_5,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.6.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.04963312826618538 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.15982036931294874 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.00794810865503015 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.08647667499795775 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.17503185810850563 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.13989562179379705 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.035228389810127575 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.11946130531788551 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.37477985912116846 }, { "event_time": 6.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.821518345405955 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.4081862649151551 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.04039948847666419 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.0007101034347525292 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.12695519912703773 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.16416925047018754 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.21797302142734493 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.1643038530273258 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.22171615492688515 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.520045249536141 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.8868562674779441 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.27582709992279886 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.009137495113561926 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.07352644886058204 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.10592788400433056 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.24460823119591735 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.1578328904789706 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.27190899882798597 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.4018782561015368 }, { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.6499377247146596 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.28595538099316564 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.4288727701186768 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.3599753708323288 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.2171673781170968 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.09644869197953143 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.018381664129197284 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.8420908118032944 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.5417996210789461 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.767998378495258 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.13716384117581 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "7c15e11678a92a15a1449529a9d5f84b6508338c54cf3d6ce25067b0b5f700e0" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P075", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T6-PA-SECURITY-C4-HOLD", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P075.json", "input_bytes": 489392, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p075", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-T6-PA-SECURITY-C4-HOLD", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T6-PA-SECURITY-C4-HOLD", "specification_id": "S22-P075", "data": "repl-archives/twfe-microdata-replication-private/outputs/expansion_nigerian_oil_2026_10_06/validation/native_inputs/REXER-T6-PA-SECURITY-C4-HOLD.csv", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P075" }, "source": { "file": "REXER-T6-PA-SECURITY-C4-HOLD.csv", "bytes": 489392, "sha256": "d73a175f7699fa78e3a3f1dc3a6c1147104fff761f425ce8a036e3ff9fe3d7fe" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3183, "source_sd": 19.5457132368174, "rows": 3088, "units": 294, "clusters": 294, "treated_units": 24, "never_treated_units": 270, "treated_cohorts": 6, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 3088, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 13, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 8, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 7 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.25765529203915105, "se": 0.08021491852307107, "pvalue": 0.0014646167662062787, "lower": -0.4155257479919735, "upper": -0.09978483608632863 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.27973617859576005, "se": 0.08497795615303605, "pvalue": 0.0011170637978649444, "lower": -0.4469807377230032, "upper": -0.1124916194685169 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.40317982877715436, "se": 0.07960964656191484, "pvalue": 7.255717862811667e-07, "lower": -0.5598590529461321, "upper": -0.2465006046081766 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.344269166229137, "se": 0.06638615126392632, "pvalue": 4.017193408797702e-07, "lower": -0.47492331588054826, "upper": -0.21361501657772577 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.2979995050361076, "se": 0.22774298035372045, "pvalue": 0.19173248961185174, "lower": -0.1502199634927499, "upper": 0.7462189735649651 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.03652160304966294, "se": 0.16720552611947662, "pvalue": 0.827251273298286, "lower": -0.3655977042579587, "upper": 0.29255449815863277 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.04673578913942231, "se": 0.09610843350910432, "pvalue": 0.6271308321102881, "lower": -0.23588616787638897, "upper": 0.14241458959754436 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.04914934371686292, "se": 0.12943563458534965, "pvalue": 0.7044280940733576, "lower": -0.30389076868826526, "upper": 0.20559208125453943 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.0069373224953282586, "se": 0.10278213381750669, "pvalue": 0.946233348825161, "lower": -0.19534752212377912, "upper": 0.20922216711443561 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.2085453153600716, "se": 0.08658780847904465, "pvalue": 0.01663631611594461, "lower": 0.03813241641022308, "upper": 0.3789582143099201 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.17252171401607808, "se": 0.1350904849347659, "pvalue": 0.2025841716157198, "lower": -0.09334898490391719, "upper": 0.43839241293607334 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.16160581770441343, "se": 0.12833400260765931, "pvalue": 0.20893885410975457, "lower": -0.4141791279932563, "upper": 0.0909674925844294 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.008840180515583017, "se": 0.150635821793979, "pvalue": 0.9532423907571415, "lower": -0.30530555512796004, "upper": 0.28762519409679405 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.059925780042371625, "se": 0.08331863613455563, "pvalue": 0.4725686344199145, "lower": -0.22390464230533627, "upper": 0.10405308222059304 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.29674784229959406, "se": 0.11928485618407542, "pvalue": 0.013412325977365623, "lower": -0.5315115867598041, "upper": -0.06198409783938391 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.45100978411019704, "se": 0.13307102285873262, "pvalue": 0.0007969373511918748, "lower": -0.712905992940408, "upper": -0.18911357527998612 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.47725747943868274, "se": 0.10274779351458885, "pvalue": 5.144325646093948e-06, "lower": -0.6794747391324543, "upper": -0.27504021974491116 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.27051691358173563, "se": 0.10609850785346203, "pvalue": 0.011291584525075038, "lower": -0.47932869222765734, "upper": -0.06170513493581392 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.2823082678339516, "se": 0.16060429082306468, "pvalue": 0.07982781396385255, "lower": -0.5983925210757537, "upper": 0.033775985407850484 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.6638470689893777, "se": 0.21974898410312338, "pvalue": 0.002742210144008784, "lower": -1.0963336058366562, "upper": -0.23136053214209928 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.1494436260369378, "se": 0.33295554352266893, "pvalue": 0.6538791616239109, "lower": -0.8047312512786859, "upper": 0.5058439992048103 }, { "event_time": 8, "estimate": -0.2938728545151243, "se": 0.1823352092621121, "pvalue": 0.10810004580645276, "lower": -0.6527255860576218, "upper": 0.06497987702737312 }, { "event_time": 9, "estimate": -0.18831760566237327, "se": 0.13248499653577442, "pvalue": 0.15625645309047306, "lower": -0.44906045992326976, "upper": 0.07242524859852323 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.24223581183216622, "se": 0.17586318052819994, "pvalue": 0.16943659577635856, "lower": -0.10387936233353709, "upper": 0.5883509859978695 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.056995155648328195, "se": 0.12360397177947885, "pvalue": 0.6450610417608171, "lower": -0.30025932323323645, "upper": 0.18626901193658005 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.056342074168420485, "se": 0.0587878119014842, "pvalue": 0.3386526590940476, "lower": -0.1720419818693396, "upper": 0.05935783353249865 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.05770234478867466, "se": 0.08685625239892268, "pvalue": 0.5069932694026147, "lower": -0.22864356645964792, "upper": 0.11323887688229858 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.0112281967409138, "se": 0.06387015466964585, "pvalue": 0.8605746745631214, "lower": -0.13693062996814684, "upper": 0.11447423648631924 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.16257118910509535, "se": 0.0492916337618063, "pvalue": 0.0010932499697639904, "lower": 0.06556064742639554, "upper": 0.25958173078379515 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.1279941620314875, "se": 0.10911374875127564, "pvalue": 0.241734823920882, "lower": -0.08675189248368564, "upper": 0.34274021654666065 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.18266459841421068, "se": 0.11575520965236491, "pvalue": 0.11563888722293375, "lower": -0.4104816686450732, "upper": 0.04515247181665186 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.03228840293296367, "se": 0.12526965303472923, "pvalue": 0.7967798681174892, "lower": -0.2788307868905884, "upper": 0.214253981024661 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.06178296787792285, "se": 0.03741899494173208, "pvalue": 0.09978698634798275, "lower": -0.1354270468287548, "upper": 0.01186111107290911 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.12859142276012608, "se": 0.09023002403649215, "pvalue": 0.1551778622028483, "lower": -0.3061725423018502, "upper": 0.04898969678159801 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.4022401374305896, "se": 0.11454256585932085, "pvalue": 0.0005153989648634055, "lower": -0.6276706113519245, "upper": -0.17680966350925476 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.5509267247272351, "se": 0.1196418395143876, "pvalue": 6.161602540543709e-06, "lower": -0.78639304574255, "upper": -0.3154604037119203 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.58638843929742, "se": 0.09507810970322927, "pvalue": 2.298367218589521e-09, "lower": -0.7735110444978998, "upper": -0.3992658340969403 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.3936189770871627, "se": 0.10358491762693893, "pvalue": 0.0001760133826674397, "lower": -0.5974837752655342, "upper": -0.18975417890879115 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.42060289536994605, "se": 0.1753962307811681, "pvalue": 0.017109736532316806, "lower": -0.7657990687957836, "upper": -0.07540672194410847 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.8699572360496506, "se": 0.23138991205931314, "pvalue": 0.00020534491812409175, "lower": -1.32535420699067, "upper": -0.41456026510863103 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.3813714338908335, "se": 0.3394475118052158, "pvalue": 0.26214219304272074, "lower": -1.0494358594044932, "upper": 0.28669299162282613 }, { "event_time": 8, "estimate": -0.5336948406166072, "se": 0.18021737713637176, "pvalue": 0.003313114814222639, "lower": -0.8883794806185517, "upper": -0.17901020061466283 }, { "event_time": 9, "estimate": -0.4339579957473114, "se": 0.12061696763338955, "pvalue": 0.00037657081303205065, "lower": -0.6713434600291619, "upper": -0.19657253146546094 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.2853977850302025, "se": 0.20314956642966067, "pvalue": 0.16112060108446283, "lower": -0.1144195465755698, "upper": 0.6852151166359748 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.02321397463644241, "se": 0.15281308847972946, "pvalue": 0.8793617533142101, "lower": -0.3239644135577916, "upper": 0.27753646428490675 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.03157175960592063, "se": 0.08283936845633001, "pvalue": 0.7033902339556101, "lower": -0.19460737828928645, "upper": 0.1314638590774452 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.03265225316866744, "se": 0.11304568315144475, "pvalue": 0.7729071338018165, "lower": -0.2551367220331957, "upper": 0.18983221569586084 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": 0.013810372567478113, "se": 0.08735605994430191, "pvalue": 0.8744924981214881, "lower": -0.15811451706115798, "upper": 0.1857352621961142 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.26631762824796856, "se": 0.06998746542655812, "pvalue": 0.00017249128289404956, "lower": 0.12857575577202415, "upper": 0.40405950072391295 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.21704125086534626, "se": 0.13504905604571427, "pvalue": 0.1091031432811697, "lower": -0.04874791212935453, "upper": 0.48283041386004705 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.1189394845908937, "se": 0.1282362998411774, "pvalue": 0.35442910139348943, "lower": -0.3713205067047144, "upper": 0.13344153752292698 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.034466790526738025, "se": 0.13657264592221174, "pvalue": 0.8009323041902396, "lower": -0.2343209397284728, "upper": 0.3032545207819488 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.05957485814302799, "se": 0.07847887012402782, "pvalue": 0.4483912061357542, "lower": -0.21402860860815115, "upper": 0.09487889232209518 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.30618992756348723, "se": 0.09155427216914166, "pvalue": 0.0009320771217298553, "lower": -0.4863772911848076, "upper": -0.12600256394216686 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.47807050337550516, "se": 0.11442801299613926, "pvalue": 3.886460843829874e-05, "lower": -0.7032755265568261, "upper": -0.2528654801941842 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.5150755260506039, "se": 0.08239487941290458, "pvalue": 1.4343159325565137e-09, "lower": -0.6772363487578145, "upper": -0.35291470334339337 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.30507382050548854, "se": 0.06310430369280526, "pvalue": 2.158738053069921e-06, "lower": -0.4292689874394701, "upper": -0.18087865357150695 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": -0.3115283548215012, "se": 0.06238618468045075, "pvalue": 1.019720290117264e-06, "lower": -0.4343101964290201, "upper": -0.18874651321398234 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.8986902954657845, "se": 0.1562082342872499, "pvalue": 2.2038004699193527e-08, "lower": -1.2061226986218214, "upper": -0.5912578923097475 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.4608101533398255, "se": 0.34712413114375, "pvalue": 0.18537398682982656, "lower": -1.1439828831124004, "upper": 0.22236257643274931 }, { "event_time": 8, "estimate": -0.5845401784639852, "se": 0.18716664170751388, "pvalue": 0.0019685763789937145, "lower": -0.9529016205693621, "upper": -0.21617873635860835 }, { "event_time": 9, "estimate": -0.4688023824489711, "se": 0.12863306320898008, "pvalue": 0.00031685885501592183, "lower": -0.721964271949229, "upper": -0.21564049294871318 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0 ], "weights": [ 0.25, 0.125, 0.11458333333333333, 0.11458333333333333, 0.11458333333333333, 0.10416666666666667, 0.052083333333333336, 0.041666666666666664, 0.041666666666666664, 0.041666666666666664 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 2.4095061212925373e-07, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 1.924990745065872e-15 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.821617681811625, "df_num": 16, "df_den": 2686, "pvalue": 0.6619100875775956, "log10_pvalue": -0.17920100016893167, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 3088, "design_columns": 98, "restricted_design_columns": 82, "fixed_effect_rank": 304, "covariance_rank": 16, "rss_unrestricted": 767.7589589296607, "rss_restricted": 771.5165424651835, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 2, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ -0.03717610793146061, -0.0030092835717773075, 0.004425675038249854, 0.0044256772792058, 0.00442570061871872, -0.012472508189210337 ], [ 0.003716096634648529, -0.03619518606690878, -0.002990326751864717, 0.004389749271638006, 0.004389772421699588, 0.006078929146495052 ], [ 0.0037161089596399817, 0.004394932894311658, -0.03593662093817719, -0.00297559315437592, 0.0043504371142981755, 0.0060395992452555135 ], [ 0.0037161089596399817, 0.004394932894311658, 0.004356419354863123, -0.03594262612140891, -0.0029755702117091587, 0.0060395992452555135 ], [ 0.0037161322981681313, 0.004394389529167936, 0.004355875747878896, 0.004349870526939023, -0.03556774621956359, -0.0012812539870485666 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_5,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.6.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.05056569905370584 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.18739256277226654 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.15045953151768532 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.25957757682362315 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.3700669751118241 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.45818970215251725 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.29042662150827364 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.14254910906321744 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.8489480377259695 }, { "event_time": 6.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 1.0703405356000935 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.44852996115676935 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.13375628813359328 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.3065081179375113 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.25769938051865277 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.3393252878300153 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.2787890320010086 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.09027973764449489 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.3486948283252802 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.7330829814276478 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 1.2968031148805998 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.28235164295682874 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.3140956374809388 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.0011716448273193791 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.32483641735851837 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.6279217064304773 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.20329524554537162 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.423589490053927 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.7292487142862049 }, { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.3203329665841127 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.1789760396043492 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.2799878899337866 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.181954546340841 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.014321903202604985 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.12371642727880547 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.29819256555643064 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 1.0485873217910608 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.5587097323148615 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.5289821659642401 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.3356780787876155 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "7c15e11678a92a15a1449529a9d5f84b6508338c54cf3d6ce25067b0b5f700e0" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P076", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T6-PA-SECURITY-C5-HOLD", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P076.json", "input_bytes": 488735, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p076", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-T6-PA-SECURITY-C5-HOLD", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T6-PA-SECURITY-C5-HOLD", "specification_id": "S22-P076", "data": "repl-archives/twfe-microdata-replication-private/outputs/expansion_nigerian_oil_2026_10_06/validation/native_inputs/REXER-T6-PA-SECURITY-C5-HOLD.csv", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P076" }, "source": { "file": "REXER-T6-PA-SECURITY-C5-HOLD.csv", "bytes": 488735, "sha256": "4877ae8c2a6e9ca759fc415af20153f4e1ab1d2a2e93ae44e20507a339bc2232" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3183, "source_sd": 4.900880408819968, "rows": 3088, "units": 294, "clusters": 294, "treated_units": 24, "never_treated_units": 270, "treated_cohorts": 6, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 3088, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 13, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 8, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 7 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": 0.2978769001470398, "se": 0.21721689900144311, "pvalue": 0.17132020120175978, "lower": -0.1296262565899834, "upper": 0.725380056884063 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": 0.3167259818677275, "se": 0.22258580088624985, "pvalue": 0.15581771632104757, "lower": -0.12134367551688574, "upper": 0.7547956392523407 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": 0.2573149162013263, "se": 0.2230759707978699, "pvalue": 0.24965120389440085, "lower": -0.18171944137704893, "upper": 0.6963492737797015 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": 0.34457526577661013, "se": 0.22239324703506577, "pvalue": 0.12236591454783981, "lower": -0.09311542763419867, "upper": 0.7822659591874189 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.04035337126056378, "se": 0.16827219765777296, "pvalue": 0.8106451629315828, "lower": -0.2908220392184172, "upper": 0.37152878173954473 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.13945011907317192, "se": 0.14718654749119386, "pvalue": 0.34419639512714095, "lower": -0.15022676136738314, "upper": 0.429126999513727 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.09501100151733691, "se": 0.1150555549516174, "pvalue": 0.4095986758631143, "lower": -0.3214510859125188, "upper": 0.131429082877845 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.20354022132597777, "se": 0.1414368729988918, "pvalue": 0.1511927749274259, "lower": -0.07482076239121443, "upper": 0.48190120504316997 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.009515628617040047, "se": 0.13900481180707355, "pvalue": 0.9454698226831112, "lower": -0.2830900886260883, "upper": 0.26405883139200825 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.017810562388319674, "se": 0.11662403521532415, "pvalue": 0.8787259621700519, "lower": -0.21171643774452728, "upper": 0.24733756252116665 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.040655844310000834, "se": 0.10123578550332425, "pvalue": 0.6882744361020932, "lower": -0.1585856423163954, "upper": 0.23989733093639706 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.07393147704426237, "se": 0.16349944203202116, "pvalue": 0.6514725766178735, "lower": -0.24785070433641657, "upper": 0.39571365842494133 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.2929972818568076, "se": 0.15993960213369793, "pvalue": 0.06797767921660053, "lower": -0.021778801927378744, "upper": 0.607773365640994 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.47488143965460905, "se": 0.2590998072681741, "pvalue": 0.06784503541401996, "lower": -0.03505119462152462, "upper": 0.9848140739307427 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.30970989659743475, "se": 0.23978567225091404, "pvalue": 0.19750971223453154, "lower": -0.16221071500697803, "upper": 0.7816305082018475 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.5734282132365575, "se": 0.44642460615325413, "pvalue": 0.1999849791638546, "lower": -0.30517713125061596, "upper": 1.4520335577237309 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.06884160916991323, "se": 0.1447542150894261, "pvalue": 0.6347309435050458, "lower": -0.216048213795972, "upper": 0.35373143213579844 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.08090940267804637, "se": 0.1791481558817952, "pvalue": 0.6518667746964221, "lower": -0.2716709099732955, "upper": 0.43348971532938824 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.6080713428687289, "se": 0.6202782797165718, "pvalue": 0.32773682308295154, "lower": -0.6126942782834405, "upper": 1.8288369640208981 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.11200586307729565, "se": 0.2884894289068359, "pvalue": 0.6981133796411975, "lower": -0.6797800192773343, "upper": 0.45576829312274303 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.13473651329883304, "se": 0.21702351558983926, "pvalue": 0.5351886511118503, "lower": -0.292386046811955, "upper": 0.561859073409621 }, { "event_time": 8, "estimate": -0.45681089407759906, "se": 0.3379157388330728, "pvalue": 0.17746640719845702, "lower": -1.121860647233786, "upper": 0.2082388590785879 }, { "event_time": 9, "estimate": 0.7761657205766426, "se": 1.532456750367183, "pvalue": 0.6128974122737431, "lower": -2.239852376342137, "upper": 3.792183817495422 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.010186850333757406, "se": 0.0688964248537825, "pvalue": 0.8825569594967861, "lower": -0.12540775233429488, "upper": 0.1457814530018097 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.0947354873979309, "se": 0.07635982290169002, "pvalue": 0.21572914492703035, "lower": -0.055547780102981406, "upper": 0.24501875489884323 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.1281667440697974, "se": 0.03868590124204401, "pvalue": 0.0010387879558377507, "lower": -0.20430421301543716, "upper": -0.05202927512415763 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.16448763885340242, "se": 0.08961681497711989, "pvalue": 0.06745171988015748, "lower": -0.011886627953444723, "upper": 0.34086190566024954 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.048133129726412746, "se": 0.05447501201941715, "pvalue": 0.37764641317440295, "lower": -0.15534504421670015, "upper": 0.05907878476387467 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.057655460181760584, "se": 0.06452091867292416, "pvalue": 0.3722729170498381, "lower": -0.18463865778308797, "upper": 0.06932773741956681 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.07246407175058046, "se": 0.04780954711668843, "pvalue": 0.13067783516629447, "lower": -0.16655772840671368, "upper": 0.021629584905552737 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.03374667641081616, "se": 0.13042398811830874, "pvalue": 0.7960129526072016, "lower": -0.2904332734993722, "upper": 0.22293992067773985 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.18346930922078283, "se": 0.12011802607045854, "pvalue": 0.12773819923104088, "lower": -0.05293419143779127, "upper": 0.41987280987935693 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.07063783236450778, "se": 0.057641614411883375, "pvalue": 0.22138387498578474, "lower": -0.1840819162906609, "upper": 0.04280625156164533 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.41186641815683783, "se": 0.2811121303682075, "pvalue": 0.14395708002607438, "lower": -0.14138852509083238, "upper": 0.965121361404508 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.2054505957142121, "se": 0.2640911892442456, "pvalue": 0.43722431120200506, "lower": -0.31430554474887196, "upper": 0.7252067361772961 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.46490415428965864, "se": 0.46446240825526186, "pvalue": 0.31767637193553155, "lower": -0.4492012704152826, "upper": 1.3790095789946 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.038229069739860996, "se": 0.1174961813536567, "pvalue": 0.745137543438021, "lower": -0.26947253497734375, "upper": 0.19301439549762173 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": -0.02433484829964055, "se": 0.15189436482174626, "pvalue": 0.87282681254842, "lower": -0.32327715320488726, "upper": 0.27460745660560615 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.5408084685800547, "se": 0.5828294610658653, "pvalue": 0.35422228398267847, "lower": -0.6062543777749154, "upper": 1.6878713149350248 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.11037016958744292, "se": 0.3683184983708414, "pvalue": 0.7646492916937424, "lower": -0.8352553947334329, "upper": 0.614515055558547 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.22581385668701273, "se": 0.2968487805716881, "pvalue": 0.44744601754164637, "lower": -0.3584122847933032, "upper": 0.8100399981673286 }, { "event_time": 8, "estimate": -0.356709582814809, "se": 0.09701950367666781, "pvalue": 0.0002810031100770574, "lower": -0.547653032783493, "upper": -0.1657661328461251 }, { "event_time": 9, "estimate": 0.8984093097221997, "se": 1.7270455807894955, "pvalue": 0.603316929562697, "lower": -2.500577790316135, "upper": 4.297396409760535 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.001687749704601324, "se": 0.14497169634796137, "pvalue": 0.9907192199547868, "lower": -0.28700559611149123, "upper": 0.28363009670228856 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.1386340416807409, "se": 0.12719985612767193, "pvalue": 0.276656482657418, "lower": -0.11170716234645439, "upper": 0.3889752457079362 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.09112333327905056, "se": 0.0943378515903166, "pvalue": 0.33487805479406574, "lower": -0.2767890413342108, "upper": 0.09454237477610963 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.2167368420262507, "se": 0.11947204512058876, "pvalue": 0.07068171440015313, "lower": -0.018395307754326212, "upper": 0.4518689918068276 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.0113632435242569, "se": 0.1175822562978368, "pvalue": 0.9230777215563468, "lower": -0.24277611229582063, "upper": 0.2200496252473068 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.03441217196535527, "se": 0.09219204627880527, "pvalue": 0.7092202615567405, "lower": -0.1470303907054853, "upper": 0.21585473463619587 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.016084489024983842, "se": 0.0754944831434161, "pvalue": 0.8314321017022458, "lower": -0.13249570896332258, "upper": 0.16466468701329023 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.046504167273041935, "se": 0.13012809419040994, "pvalue": 0.721070435539187, "lower": -0.20960008291332757, "upper": 0.30260841745941147 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.27198818729022767, "se": 0.14104071688404546, "pvalue": 0.05476674697877892, "lower": -0.00559312417109481, "upper": 0.5495694987515501 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.4850388525602626, "se": 0.25582737662710503, "pvalue": 0.058948905791585474, "lower": -0.01845333239682112, "upper": 0.9885310375173463 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.33082277884858047, "se": 0.24441829517556574, "pvalue": 0.17693575880788473, "lower": -0.1502152676025923, "upper": 0.8118608252997532 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.5762222123345506, "se": 0.4428575463837897, "pvalue": 0.19423081927478272, "lower": -0.295362825175008, "upper": 1.4478072498441092 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.06893820846175165, "se": 0.11068837695054608, "pvalue": 0.5338915644391286, "lower": -0.14890686150281696, "upper": 0.2867832784263203 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.08617683213199545, "se": 0.1160004270447394, "pvalue": 0.4581368345895422, "lower": -0.14212284884328352, "upper": 0.3144765131072744 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.6726265627118322, "se": 0.6000795503441325, "pvalue": 0.2632501377749928, "lower": -0.5083860714099071, "upper": 1.8536391968335715 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.08983637314166931, "se": 0.30956618034019273, "pvalue": 0.7718678524423928, "lower": -0.6990915458415419, "upper": 0.5194187995582034 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.2332870973484141, "se": 0.30107273162254794, "pvalue": 0.4390514074660402, "lower": -0.35925217453955594, "upper": 0.8258263692363842 }, { "event_time": 8, "estimate": -0.3507535635264312, "se": 0.10026266109394923, "pvalue": 0.000540824176812693, "lower": -0.5480798503740897, "upper": -0.15342727667877276 }, { "event_time": 9, "estimate": 0.9041230070040308, "se": 1.7494406202512336, "pvalue": 0.6056808207989282, "lower": -2.5389396235715465, "upper": 4.347185637579608 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0 ], "weights": [ 0.25, 0.125, 0.11458333333333333, 0.11458333333333333, 0.11458333333333333, 0.10416666666666667, 0.052083333333333336, 0.041666666666666664, 0.041666666666666664, 0.041666666666666664 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 2.220446049250313e-16, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": 6.938893903907228e-18, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 4.2921681493022104e-16 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.6966137203726518, "df_num": 16, "df_den": 2726, "pvalue": 0.8000304677613004, "log10_pvalue": -0.09689347334724757, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 3088, "design_columns": 58, "restricted_design_columns": 42, "fixed_effect_rank": 304, "covariance_rank": 16, "rss_unrestricted": 1589.2225155265414, "rss_restricted": 1595.7203832245073, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 2, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ -0.03717610793146061, -0.0030092835717773075, 0.004425675038249854, 0.0044256772792058, 0.00442570061871872, -0.012472508189210337 ], [ 0.003716096634648529, -0.03619518606690878, -0.002990326751864717, 0.004389749271638006, 0.004389772421699588, 0.006078929146495052 ], [ 0.0037161089596399817, 0.004394932894311658, -0.03593662093817719, -0.00297559315437592, 0.0043504371142981755, 0.0060395992452555135 ], [ 0.0037161089596399817, 0.004394932894311658, 0.004356419354863123, -0.03594262612140891, -0.0029755702117091587, 0.0060395992452555135 ], [ 0.0037161322981681313, 0.004394389529167936, 0.004355875747878896, 0.004349870526939023, -0.03556774621956359, -0.0012812539870485666 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_5,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.6.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.25862199741189396 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.5102761385689099 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.08346374177616767 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.21154674468986573 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.4504318755066481 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -1.2089964611888953 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.38191273167969686 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.1382357044696898 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.41379892914730865 }, { "event_time": 6.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -1.0304523283919322 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.050889896459416106 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.25592152274287705 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.3228351502070823 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.7913009573322416 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.27059191639612284 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.5892879756029297 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.9328341528882151 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.09858433151008483 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.30433384819185016 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.9596877347796211 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.04590771776004726 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.049242792213292946 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.1698787250514152 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.595256809767798 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -1.2334963555223695 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -1.6175617429000275 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.5424527807027987 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.7932919543178011 }, { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.07782707967549066 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.3517673989988787 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.6028693418842785 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.1383570507147798 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.03416624576665325 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.24382397376811754 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 1.4815698289966523 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.056477053329863955 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.15666263658243895 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.13918619663493603 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.4347978414130589 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "7c15e11678a92a15a1449529a9d5f84b6508338c54cf3d6ce25067b0b5f700e0" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P077", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T6-PA-SECURITY-C6-HOLD", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P077.json", "input_bytes": 488735, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p077", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-T6-PA-SECURITY-C6-HOLD", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T6-PA-SECURITY-C6-HOLD", "specification_id": "S22-P077", "data": "repl-archives/twfe-microdata-replication-private/outputs/expansion_nigerian_oil_2026_10_06/validation/native_inputs/REXER-T6-PA-SECURITY-C6-HOLD.csv", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P077" }, "source": { "file": "REXER-T6-PA-SECURITY-C6-HOLD.csv", "bytes": 488735, "sha256": "4877ae8c2a6e9ca759fc415af20153f4e1ab1d2a2e93ae44e20507a339bc2232" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3183, "source_sd": 4.900880408819968, "rows": 3088, "units": 294, "clusters": 294, "treated_units": 24, "never_treated_units": 270, "treated_cohorts": 6, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 3088, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 13, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 8, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 7 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": 0.3348681094062555, "se": 0.1816872107624597, "pvalue": 0.06632402554898696, "lower": -0.022709300531727095, "upper": 0.692445519344238 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": 0.2381298110140055, "se": 0.22055846937365226, "pvalue": 0.2811782140005979, "lower": -0.19594986849424478, "upper": 0.6722094905222558 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": 0.1619223409025816, "se": 0.2544522345399799, "pvalue": 0.5250408620370648, "lower": -0.33886343591632107, "upper": 0.6627081177214843 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": 0.2767375857891446, "se": 0.2602009815850689, "pvalue": 0.2884068934060807, "lower": -0.23536226245033326, "upper": 0.7888374340286224 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.25034639978988127, "se": 0.16504307843018903, "pvalue": 0.13038147080581836, "lower": -0.5751666018591188, "upper": 0.0744738022793563 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.07626827845399571, "se": 0.12562952011059425, "pvalue": 0.5442621172667468, "lower": -0.32351891444746683, "upper": 0.17098235753947538 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.1552954385889694, "se": 0.13479073660783222, "pvalue": 0.2502099140491305, "lower": -0.4205762047892736, "upper": 0.10998532761133475 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.06530237128915348, "se": 0.19496683989726343, "pvalue": 0.7379093180884604, "lower": -0.44901533238141267, "upper": 0.31841058980310566 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.2386053220656274, "se": 0.1346598052166289, "pvalue": 0.07744842526079676, "lower": -0.5036284030521535, "upper": 0.026417758920898704 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.1450232708236182, "se": 0.10779213634758053, "pvalue": 0.17953717808661554, "lower": -0.3571682686200933, "upper": 0.06712172697285687 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.018552045096528504, "se": 0.10729672899302171, "pvalue": 0.8628461828129819, "lower": -0.19261794472902796, "upper": 0.22972203492208496 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.10280848463456226, "se": 0.17666088811890504, "pvalue": 0.5610452555350637, "lower": -0.24487665261756397, "upper": 0.4504936218866885 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.18211616035755782, "se": 0.15530272014160398, "pvalue": 0.24188759193997011, "lower": -0.12353410633712095, "upper": 0.4877664270522366 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.4594708851090329, "se": 0.19303424511701944, "pvalue": 0.01794014573772427, "lower": 0.07956145115046287, "upper": 0.8393803190676029 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.25754445703889267, "se": 0.2627237867012263, "pvalue": 0.32775367026795205, "lower": -0.2595205074320918, "upper": 0.7746094215098771 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.5896421043519794, "se": 0.41498415630177243, "pvalue": 0.1564153984296618, "lower": -0.22708549663305877, "upper": 1.4063697053370174 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.10348168662131679, "se": 0.12584211282478955, "pvalue": 0.41156709701554, "lower": -0.14418735170105035, "upper": 0.35115072494368393 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.17695059873940366, "se": 0.18605613499099916, "pvalue": 0.34235763116381457, "lower": -0.18922526236803916, "upper": 0.5431264598468465 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.4196309839040315, "se": 0.4961431745825609, "pvalue": 0.39836228075189467, "lower": -0.5568251495856731, "upper": 1.3960871173937361 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.24981673349639377, "se": 0.28368787305121207, "pvalue": 0.379253817626856, "lower": -0.8081409790542835, "upper": 0.30850751206149596 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.050127809393441226, "se": 0.2300463574138427, "pvalue": 0.8276563055717843, "lower": -0.402624920446505, "upper": 0.5028805392333875 }, { "event_time": 8, "estimate": -1.01039545217072, "se": 0.21756354948980391, "pvalue": 5.162967212776851e-06, "lower": -1.4385808494642558, "upper": -0.5822100548771841 }, { "event_time": 9, "estimate": 0.016413310743024052, "se": 1.6280938891861119, "pvalue": 0.9919632794425777, "lower": -3.187827612918703, "upper": 3.2206542344047513 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.12606123911210207, "se": 0.06755885796765325, "pvalue": 0.06304786749039616, "lower": -0.25902338514903667, "upper": 0.006900906924832556 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": 0.0051652606305837125, "se": 0.056615487650446605, "pvalue": 0.9273689553159006, "lower": -0.10625930993476203, "upper": 0.11658983119592946 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.060619779249517704, "se": 0.036348283669751125, "pvalue": 0.09643410640443835, "lower": -0.13215659835624918, "upper": 0.010917039857213769 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": 0.02729392567832817, "se": 0.10158607554760168, "pvalue": 0.7883666977472339, "lower": -0.17263696449075083, "upper": 0.22722481584740717 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.14338769483301722, "se": 0.04806611182721798, "pvalue": 0.0030931084263685566, "lower": -0.23798629481613337, "upper": -0.048789094849901085 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.11267451691210842, "se": 0.050959908301230074, "pvalue": 0.02780500548765252, "lower": -0.21296837878912728, "upper": -0.01238065503508956 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.007782186899888856, "se": 0.03918538895883034, "pvalue": 0.842714011163759, "lower": -0.06933832055085408, "upper": 0.08490269435063179 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.08695230062833748, "se": 0.10603445151645056, "pvalue": 0.41286092467908997, "lower": -0.12173340916010905, "upper": 0.295638010416784 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.17478763182093815, "se": 0.10602188159381065, "pvalue": 0.10030147277309703, "lower": -0.033873339185060025, "upper": 0.3834486028269363 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": 0.010627395836421395, "se": 0.06688074744954212, "pvalue": 0.8738565998869767, "lower": -0.12100016532962268, "upper": 0.14225495700246546 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.4702724325136416, "se": 0.2283488671273653, "pvalue": 0.040334761825821595, "lower": 0.020860522192505893, "upper": 0.9196843428347773 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.14930960152826106, "se": 0.27703780042086174, "pvalue": 0.5903304150913445, "lower": -0.39592667962596434, "upper": 0.6945458826824864 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.4680950139903129, "se": 0.43107088477283456, "pvalue": 0.2784208044736424, "lower": -0.3802927719737251, "upper": 1.316482799954351 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.00985732073978569, "se": 0.11561462622823043, "pvalue": 0.932112798217083, "lower": -0.21768306817448194, "upper": 0.2373977096540533 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.07029392902903393, "se": 0.16464656208386888, "pvalue": 0.6697377877615638, "lower": -0.25374589181512885, "upper": 0.3943337498731967 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.31905404997082554, "se": 0.503197436770296, "pvalue": 0.5265406570652975, "lower": -0.6712855307440757, "upper": 1.3093936306857268 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.3443939436743039, "se": 0.43469288446346976, "pvalue": 0.4288444946530204, "lower": -1.199910163515104, "upper": 0.511122276166496 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": -0.005994435463657355, "se": 0.3968690596176741, "pvalue": 0.9879592377504495, "lower": -0.7870698332699873, "upper": 0.7750809623426724 }, { "event_time": 8, "estimate": -1.057715960422175, "se": 0.3004632061455653, "pvalue": 0.0004996758192180904, "lower": -1.6490556292096517, "upper": -0.4663762916346984 }, { "event_time": 9, "estimate": -0.19453674279064037, "se": 1.882035314284339, "pvalue": 0.9177439329290136, "lower": -3.898558122553387, "upper": 3.509484636972106 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.3443904499213722, "se": 0.14626752812542199, "pvalue": 0.019206216388158462, "lower": -0.632258614365262, "upper": -0.05652228547748239 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.10467175386240966, "se": 0.12171913470651222, "pvalue": 0.3905224610876433, "lower": -0.3442263859446365, "upper": 0.1348828782198172 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.18012852444379515, "se": 0.11448088712700351, "pvalue": 0.11669669791648571, "lower": -0.4054376088558864, "upper": 0.04518055996829609 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.07579868143993636, "se": 0.16524415233595183, "pvalue": 0.6467845178213067, "lower": -0.40101461574661124, "upper": 0.24941725286673855 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.2682491367890785, "se": 0.13534827306255048, "pvalue": 0.048422669791607253, "lower": -0.5346271868355463, "upper": -0.0018710867426107725 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.14672021650385386, "se": 0.08007658034162406, "pvalue": 0.06792923502913657, "lower": -0.30431840998751425, "upper": 0.010877976979806497 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.0002847430619813407, "se": 0.07204602597342494, "pvalue": 0.9968492678110551, "lower": -0.14207805507216756, "upper": 0.14150856894820488 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.08142469466481506, "se": 0.12943587938155457, "pvalue": 0.5297910157262768, "lower": -0.1733172120883954, "upper": 0.3361666014180255 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.17432751880864125, "se": 0.12700525573617352, "pvalue": 0.17092619994947125, "lower": -0.07563069346215628, "upper": 0.4242857310794388 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.47513004024054584, "se": 0.19069686212642264, "pvalue": 0.01327191691054797, "lower": 0.09982079444218389, "upper": 0.8504392860389078 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.32368024428309095, "se": 0.29294542326427164, "pvalue": 0.2701022483890215, "lower": -0.25286372523701306, "upper": 0.900224213803195 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.6416847587034118, "se": 0.42332159035914996, "pvalue": 0.13063970552573162, "lower": -0.19145169166213416, "upper": 1.4748212090689576 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.13732725460895584, "se": 0.10169274165415573, "pvalue": 0.1779254852216594, "lower": -0.06281356442605546, "upper": 0.33746807364396714 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.21199207064898803, "se": 0.14034256409466428, "pvalue": 0.13198515881018255, "lower": -0.06421521087858037, "upper": 0.4881993521765564 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.48788771405797265, "se": 0.48167496137231075, "pvalue": 0.3119444762296446, "lower": -0.4600936237406051, "upper": 1.4358690518565504 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": -0.2763580975753145, "se": 0.4363228151655458, "pvalue": 0.5269796670444447, "lower": -1.1350821733591987, "upper": 0.5823659782085696 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.08765950560847034, "se": 0.40706118533615887, "pvalue": 0.8296464181367685, "lower": -0.7134749480933398, "upper": 0.8887939593102805 }, { "event_time": 8, "estimate": -0.9606510010029431, "se": 0.29891930392689464, "pvalue": 0.0014563437909658793, "lower": -1.5489521259422698, "upper": -0.37234987606361625 }, { "event_time": 9, "estimate": 0.09333968597187958, "se": 1.9087062093666989, "pvalue": 0.9610306560869657, "lower": -3.663172507779677, "upper": 3.849851879723436 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0 ], "weights": [ 0.25, 0.125, 0.11458333333333333, 0.11458333333333333, 0.11458333333333333, 0.10416666666666667, 0.052083333333333336, 0.041666666666666664, 0.041666666666666664, 0.041666666666666664 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 5.831069356254659e-07, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 3.617142093807239e-16 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.6351651201354118, "df_num": 16, "df_den": 2686, "pvalue": 0.8576075637925102, "log10_pvalue": -0.06671139731214526, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 3088, "design_columns": 98, "restricted_design_columns": 82, "fixed_effect_rank": 304, "covariance_rank": 16, "rss_unrestricted": 1257.200682453196, "rss_restricted": 1261.957376555979, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 2, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ -0.03717610793146061, -0.0030092835717773075, 0.004425675038249854, 0.0044256772792058, 0.00442570061871872, -0.012472508189210337 ], [ 0.003716096634648529, -0.03619518606690878, -0.002990326751864717, 0.004389749271638006, 0.004389772421699588, 0.006078929146495052 ], [ 0.0037161089596399817, 0.004394932894311658, -0.03593662093817719, -0.00297559315437592, 0.0043504371142981755, 0.0060395992452555135 ], [ 0.0037161089596399817, 0.004394932894311658, 0.004356419354863123, -0.03594262612140891, -0.0029755702117091587, 0.0060395992452555135 ], [ 0.0037161322981681313, 0.004394389529167936, 0.004355875747878896, 0.004349870526939023, -0.03556774621956359, -0.0012812539870485666 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_5,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.6.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.28732698940923235 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.3578283725168287 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.01997729255022529 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.2643635048910621 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.4942752312843015 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -1.284741278373162 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.01120253523948228 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.08917071484394282 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.08941592359874209 }, { "event_time": 6.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.2240238268212657 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.18379551468723093 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.3882975025395903 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.37948412136584453 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.7154230312382754 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.2116033663111266 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.36028944736748647 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.9670872021722688 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.24408130810699685 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.401402404574712 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.8443351868019635 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.4562578017281418 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.2399731183125009 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.016784968763170094 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.35438876751945236 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.5968675081361147 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -1.2735452917672525 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.22531382369468256 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.012189877256911175 }, { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.3003318069140559 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.6838682906495226 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.977758560773728 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.2902431469655928 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.43877924442279953 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.5684514989121875 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 1.5979786273113241 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.17902217695522782 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.1322587740314601 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.4036037599913901 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.3884773394385923 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "7c15e11678a92a15a1449529a9d5f84b6508338c54cf3d6ce25067b0b5f700e0" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P078", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T6-PA-SECURITY-C7-HOLD", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P078.json", "input_bytes": 489266, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p078", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-T6-PA-SECURITY-C7-HOLD", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T6-PA-SECURITY-C7-HOLD", "specification_id": "S22-P078", "data": "repl-archives/twfe-microdata-replication-private/outputs/expansion_nigerian_oil_2026_10_06/validation/native_inputs/REXER-T6-PA-SECURITY-C7-HOLD.csv", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P078" }, "source": { "file": "REXER-T6-PA-SECURITY-C7-HOLD.csv", "bytes": 489266, "sha256": "122488f02f3db1131307e5d55c88fdcbe58b0c9871c7a47e19c0a1679e5c6d4f" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3183, "source_sd": 9.624386552239383, "rows": 3088, "units": 294, "clusters": 294, "treated_units": 24, "never_treated_units": 270, "treated_cohorts": 6, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 3088, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 13, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 8, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 7 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": 0.3211435530070257, "se": 0.0687474968736264, "pvalue": 4.565446022620845e-06, "lower": 0.18584205452164004, "upper": 0.4564450514924113 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": 0.23934602050630843, "se": 0.0766298113510318, "pvalue": 0.001966597981990106, "lower": 0.0885313905059463, "upper": 0.3901606505066706 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": 0.19700545592378904, "se": 0.08979553971009, "pvalue": 0.029025386083605713, "lower": 0.02027944214015076, "upper": 0.3737314697074273 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": 0.07573369102387349, "se": 0.0496026329477986, "pvalue": 0.12788752719605823, "lower": -0.02188892611656776, "upper": 0.17335630816431474 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": -0.18812092147228873, "se": 0.09484368343154337, "pvalue": 0.04824664250312513, "lower": -0.37478215386232633, "upper": -0.0014596890822511366 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.4462308820000091, "se": 0.1526459523704537, "pvalue": 0.003733391856634721, "lower": -0.7466523814389856, "upper": -0.14580938256103265 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.6660221445989236, "se": 0.1525833157559743, "pvalue": 1.7646328585993135e-05, "lower": -0.9663203693270449, "upper": -0.3657239198708023 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.4839329896274165, "se": 0.11307697181379234, "pvalue": 2.5380063073192296e-05, "lower": -0.7064790375034543, "upper": -0.26138694175137867 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.35331524152104576, "se": 0.12049539085347857, "pvalue": 0.0036312419358514357, "lower": -0.590461431338355, "upper": -0.11616905170373648 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.09527183052818057, "se": 0.1158360768539095, "pvalue": 0.4114776332464816, "lower": -0.3232480549689399, "upper": 0.1327043939125787 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.09479756669949788, "se": 0.15174376818553287, "pvalue": 0.5326401546708969, "lower": -0.39344348335101675, "upper": 0.20384834995202103 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.2610646100020886, "se": 0.16688315834975084, "pvalue": 0.11881344926165043, "lower": -0.5895062613134308, "upper": 0.0673770413092536 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.2271329595925097, "se": 0.06710645543142542, "pvalue": 0.0008098239650755814, "lower": -0.3592047351599168, "upper": -0.09506118402510264 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.05507757170667277, "se": 0.07495237701585543, "pvalue": 0.4630281810127759, "lower": -0.0924357107613217, "upper": 0.20259085417466724 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.024636583607090555, "se": 0.13316194849211221, "pvalue": 0.853347473924752, "lower": -0.23743857536685584, "upper": 0.28671174258103693 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.08426891078935919, "se": 0.10173380181004198, "pvalue": 0.4081592312632336, "lower": -0.115952718469618, "upper": 0.2844905400483364 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.20865910844568172, "se": 0.08689366350979737, "pvalue": 0.01695922596288896, "lower": 0.03764425821233838, "upper": 0.3796739586790251 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.3372453378722438, "se": 0.09753944198529514, "pvalue": 0.0006259587740089983, "lower": 0.14527860072255094, "upper": 0.5292120750219367 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.4736599757793939, "se": 0.10198557031142931, "pvalue": 5.157314816828402e-06, "lower": 0.2729428425812443, "upper": 0.6743771089775434 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.41111339735282326, "se": 0.15829305591323697, "pvalue": 0.009874196432630596, "lower": 0.09957787040466742, "upper": 0.722648924300979 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.703338811752629, "se": 0.13375395307434856, "pvalue": 2.8064340041701174e-07, "lower": 0.44009853243642444, "upper": 0.9665790910688337 }, { "event_time": 8, "estimate": 0.4520442400718454, "se": 0.08705893424963619, "pvalue": 3.8901643918197796e-07, "lower": 0.2807041215775051, "upper": 0.6233843585661858 }, { "event_time": 9, "estimate": 0.7535278410810731, "se": 0.1406423352026778, "pvalue": 1.7076096696388303e-07, "lower": 0.4767305819985195, "upper": 1.0303251001636267 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.09033370324773321, "se": 0.10012505793814773, "pvalue": 0.3676870501697414, "lower": -0.10672176772992367, "upper": 0.2873891742253901 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.16122089858500557, "se": 0.07106069099081551, "pvalue": 0.02400912850042342, "lower": -0.3010749792672178, "upper": -0.021366817902793322 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.3727928596355572, "se": 0.08486743514394944, "pvalue": 1.5664290363873165e-05, "lower": -0.539819903088433, "upper": -0.2057658161826814 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.19434640223204072, "se": 0.04849262952132827, "pvalue": 7.781188851935103e-05, "lower": -0.2897844288963891, "upper": -0.09890837556769233 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.0738322737934922, "se": 0.040177442505946535, "pvalue": 0.06712571131340116, "lower": -0.15290523533502626, "upper": 0.0052406877480418584 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.1625906461010161, "se": 0.059354620270283875, "pvalue": 0.006534256383984771, "lower": 0.04577520656053592, "upper": 0.27940608564149627 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": 0.15264536694587214, "se": 0.0751963463427043, "pvalue": 0.043264182281930484, "lower": 0.004651930043050728, "upper": 0.30063880384869357 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.010981389346728376, "se": 0.09321246563082172, "pvalue": 0.9062986811415779, "lower": -0.1944322326632644, "upper": 0.17246945396980765 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.02163334142350243, "se": 0.049250686709406556, "pvalue": 0.6608044966792415, "lower": -0.07529661262946274, "upper": 0.1185632954764676 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": 0.13504505550789214, "se": 0.07244529347968255, "pvalue": 0.06330805465711008, "lower": -0.0075340522672290855, "upper": 0.27762416328301337 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.19644088049761202, "se": 0.10153404451455826, "pvalue": 0.05398595185953258, "lower": -0.003387607735997833, "upper": 0.39626936873122187 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.035230896407553634, "se": 0.15739018284344528, "pvalue": 0.823034450345408, "lower": -0.27452769196334065, "upper": 0.3449894847784479 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.06314445573547774, "se": 0.11776682379849181, "pvalue": 0.5922395661691856, "lower": -0.16863165912570333, "upper": 0.29492057059665877 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.1828997158019148, "se": 0.10861682231929098, "pvalue": 0.09326625134623596, "lower": -0.030868341056003806, "upper": 0.39666777265983344 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.30830285134757357, "se": 0.1026396619555646, "pvalue": 0.0028970271007784237, "lower": 0.10629840466714607, "upper": 0.510307298028001 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.42527145204795386, "se": 0.12568058899813042, "pvalue": 0.0008124338230391417, "lower": 0.17792030771128697, "upper": 0.6726225963846207 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.11243962918064142, "se": 0.2072422776971987, "pvalue": 0.5878510012311974, "lower": -0.2954325406744978, "upper": 0.5203117990357806 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.3071702084391713, "se": 0.07244532855981646, "pvalue": 2.9992990464002194e-05, "lower": 0.16459103162306823, "upper": 0.4497493852552744 }, { "event_time": 8, "estimate": 0.045825874883884295, "se": 0.07606582627840659, "pvalue": 0.547340436615937, "lower": -0.10387877978763274, "upper": 0.19553052955540132 }, { "event_time": 9, "estimate": 0.36261440711020476, "se": 0.1711558691700441, "pvalue": 0.03496393389822318, "lower": 0.025763661608232125, "upper": 0.6994651526121773 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.006962422868419017, "se": 0.10196646781846777, "pvalue": 0.9456081277943378, "lower": -0.19371711483840304, "upper": 0.2076419605752411 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.30186102688798483, "se": 0.18420664439893708, "pvalue": 0.10234725601910068, "lower": -0.6643969176703899, "upper": 0.06067486389442028 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.5332495065648615, "se": 0.17177908280768273, "pvalue": 0.0020939254721958856, "lower": -0.8713267947466939, "upper": -0.195172218383029 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.33835750201332676, "se": 0.1306426351651371, "pvalue": 0.010078844935617033, "lower": -0.5954744169231944, "upper": -0.08124058710345916 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.20417986547727046, "se": 0.15032234937796515, "pvalue": 0.17541970988618644, "lower": -0.5000282970800938, "upper": 0.0916685661255528 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.004908349652179109, "se": 0.11843677324035108, "pvalue": 0.9669711309728543, "lower": -0.22818628831915438, "upper": 0.23800298762351257 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.009068847665638757, "se": 0.13843492973399868, "pvalue": 0.9478127605096561, "lower": -0.2815217264978665, "upper": 0.263384031166589 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.1801857910452424, "se": 0.1566140238579139, "pvalue": 0.25087252723304987, "lower": -0.48841682599847064, "upper": 0.12804524390798583 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.1444663703927877, "se": 0.057722801121217915, "pvalue": 0.012867412729448819, "lower": -0.2580702373500271, "upper": -0.030862503435548333 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.05759337719732488, "se": 0.04760303411323266, "pvalue": 0.22730484082406438, "lower": -0.036093842568812956, "upper": 0.15128059696346272 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.1356597430513896, "se": 0.08875130691116351, "pvalue": 0.12745784343540012, "lower": -0.3103306091003829, "upper": 0.03901112299760376 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.08553103325304566, "se": 0.07156856293382059, "pvalue": 0.23301742279415782, "lower": -0.22638465338108804, "upper": 0.05532258687499671 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.036627106812324076, "se": 0.05620972027710672, "pvalue": 0.5151602284507516, "lower": -0.07399887564223873, "upper": 0.14725308926688688 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.1640787864453649, "se": 0.0826265552627578, "pvalue": 0.047988720355599056, "lower": 0.001462004014913254, "upper": 0.3266955688758165 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.2947757749371835, "se": 0.05544129749526115, "pvalue": 2.096721647438352e-07, "lower": 0.18566212032846402, "upper": 0.40388942954590296 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.10944079594248116, "se": 0.17265655170798969, "pvalue": 0.5266640094258909, "lower": -0.23036343303697912, "upper": 0.4492450249219414 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.29969186089064953, "se": 0.07589268225504057, "pvalue": 9.840081062658783e-05, "lower": 0.15032796983789048, "upper": 0.4490557519434086 }, { "event_time": 8, "estimate": 0.03790466341074536, "se": 0.07881780411649776, "pvalue": 0.6309358324770273, "lower": -0.11721614082584988, "upper": 0.1930254676473406 }, { "event_time": 9, "estimate": 0.350959728957959, "se": 0.17364800959741372, "pvalue": 0.044178722357935685, "lower": 0.009204218197711556, "upper": 0.6927152397182065 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0 ], "weights": [ 0.25, 0.125, 0.11458333333333333, 0.11458333333333333, 0.11458333333333333, 0.10416666666666667, 0.052083333333333336, 0.041666666666666664, 0.041666666666666664, 0.041666666666666664 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 5.551115123125783e-17, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": 5.551115123125783e-17, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 0.0 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.1718100909722619, "df_num": 16, "df_den": 2726, "pvalue": 0.9999046342844691, "log10_pvalue": -4.141877901495727e-05, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 3088, "design_columns": 58, "restricted_design_columns": 42, "fixed_effect_rank": 304, "covariance_rank": 16, "rss_unrestricted": 1285.1685889569849, "rss_restricted": 1286.464582689536, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 2, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ -0.03717610793146061, -0.0030092835717773075, 0.004425675038249854, 0.0044256772792058, 0.00442570061871872, -0.012472508189210337 ], [ 0.003716096634648529, -0.03619518606690878, -0.002990326751864717, 0.004389749271638006, 0.004389772421699588, 0.006078929146495052 ], [ 0.0037161089596399817, 0.004394932894311658, -0.03593662093817719, -0.00297559315437592, 0.0043504371142981755, 0.0060395992452555135 ], [ 0.0037161089596399817, 0.004394932894311658, 0.004356419354863123, -0.03594262612140891, -0.0029755702117091587, 0.0060395992452555135 ], [ 0.0037161322981681313, 0.004394389529167936, 0.004355875747878896, 0.004349870526939023, -0.03556774621956359, -0.0012812539870485666 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_5,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.6.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.23354842439028634 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.24627658596543278 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.28042254403191036 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.6986136530738435 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.8191696343102779 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.6202478109420485 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.25505078141997645 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.215869270122245 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.42246247187923713 }, { "event_time": 6.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.6664516711702853 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.0589024972354909 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.6468949993916686 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.7812515486925895 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.21006870609278533 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.8348791200134139 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.7685286934703526 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.3329778260091717 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.36252500967372125 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.0964793068241705 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.43113304929689006 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.9233050698064833 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.47311336366492496 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.0554065398993725 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.41938671477228817 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.4281154224930759 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.5535531300087484 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.48091939346419244 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.4052758670017285 }, { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.12535769068354397 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.1784978698304363 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.37960241896361174 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.3961490428694008 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.55130591455787 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.2680533425590246 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.40641868273163445 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.2759818438989575 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.39219878276170195 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 1.0293567764135378 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.7167299328659487 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "7c15e11678a92a15a1449529a9d5f84b6508338c54cf3d6ce25067b0b5f700e0" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P079", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T6-PA-SECURITY-C8-HOLD", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P079.json", "input_bytes": 489266, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p079", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-T6-PA-SECURITY-C8-HOLD", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T6-PA-SECURITY-C8-HOLD", "specification_id": "S22-P079", "data": "repl-archives/twfe-microdata-replication-private/outputs/expansion_nigerian_oil_2026_10_06/validation/native_inputs/REXER-T6-PA-SECURITY-C8-HOLD.csv", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P079" }, "source": { "file": "REXER-T6-PA-SECURITY-C8-HOLD.csv", "bytes": 489266, "sha256": "122488f02f3db1131307e5d55c88fdcbe58b0c9871c7a47e19c0a1679e5c6d4f" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3183, "source_sd": 9.624386552239383, "rows": 3088, "units": 294, "clusters": 294, "treated_units": 24, "never_treated_units": 270, "treated_cohorts": 6, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 3088, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 13, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 8, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 7 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": 0.31104951098651784, "se": 0.06478036066813606, "pvalue": 2.5141632094264212e-06, "lower": 0.1835557072930627, "upper": 0.438543314679973 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": 0.24486341123783645, "se": 0.07000013154018374, "pvalue": 0.0005414173932964319, "lower": 0.10709661066659451, "upper": 0.3826302118090784 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": 0.27380388250274773, "se": 0.0701276079523227, "pvalue": 0.00011730458337747576, "lower": 0.13578619643940348, "upper": 0.411821568566092 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": 0.17914790760750995, "se": 0.055785583148329, "pvalue": 0.0014680483377508035, "lower": 0.06935666665913469, "upper": 0.2889391485558852 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.07485394355498244, "se": 0.15467532818813925, "pvalue": 0.628788276264343, "lower": -0.22956155714381588, "upper": 0.37926944425378073 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.41139618198648015, "se": 0.1776564865589442, "pvalue": 0.021265967685940357, "lower": -0.7610407500099496, "upper": -0.061751613963010654 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.3993188722179668, "se": 0.14302171252111548, "pvalue": 0.005582479539692347, "lower": -0.680798968222402, "upper": -0.11783877621353162 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.2814920721887418, "se": 0.12827857842962248, "pvalue": 0.028992897104914563, "lower": -0.53395630251567, "upper": -0.02902784186181362 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.38537577128570244, "se": 0.13249069875559943, "pvalue": 0.003907082002974317, "lower": -0.6461298480481024, "upper": -0.12462169452330257 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.12335947387257044, "se": 0.13732325368177767, "pvalue": 0.3697554836976772, "lower": -0.39362447034491665, "upper": 0.14690552259977574 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.22601694247019152, "se": 0.13571764496248173, "pvalue": 0.09691240926262172, "lower": -0.49312195093451927, "upper": 0.04108806599413625 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.41034832271561883, "se": 0.12994200066084746, "pvalue": 0.001754712313750808, "lower": -0.6660863234448696, "upper": -0.15461032198636804 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.17814325422890748, "se": 0.061965781243636726, "pvalue": 0.0043381393029865555, "lower": -0.3000977025849469, "upper": -0.05618880587286805 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.023248939066788158, "se": 0.07836840670039796, "pvalue": 0.7669346487510714, "lower": -0.13098740905752804, "upper": 0.17748528719110435 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.00677453635840192, "se": 0.15232211886728245, "pvalue": 0.9645560214256937, "lower": -0.29300962848322354, "upper": 0.3065587012000274 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.03146454207407924, "se": 0.14393342919058308, "pvalue": 0.8271100804808207, "lower": -0.3147389816863963, "upper": 0.25180989753823785 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.25134433900067554, "se": 0.08506801080719655, "pvalue": 0.0033844639147880516, "lower": 0.0839225438981954, "upper": 0.41876613410315566 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.27540382945310954, "se": 0.09283123537791409, "pvalue": 0.003257989872544342, "lower": 0.09270328290128604, "upper": 0.45810437600493303 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.46599646870879274, "se": 0.1077454744406436, "pvalue": 2.0940124346684245e-05, "lower": 0.25394330590585, "upper": 0.6780496315117355 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.5277946644740978, "se": 0.12533908977113156, "pvalue": 3.38762579775091e-05, "lower": 0.28111562253018396, "upper": 0.7744737064180117 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 1.0409968956762516, "se": 0.24834636198468124, "pvalue": 3.6700164837442955e-05, "lower": 0.552228046656354, "upper": 1.5297657446961492 }, { "event_time": 8, "estimate": 0.6159821920282754, "se": 0.12459503592054587, "pvalue": 1.2913650191728183e-06, "lower": 0.37076751759614346, "upper": 0.8611968664604074 }, { "event_time": 9, "estimate": 0.8731610636188186, "se": 0.1349358470762811, "pvalue": 4.0833874633034714e-10, "lower": 0.6075947064556444, "upper": 1.1387274207819928 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.29341777476186603, "se": 0.11723059918032737, "pvalue": 0.012862068759543564, "lower": 0.06269700006086229, "upper": 0.5241385494628698 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.14824506380105265, "se": 0.08676706598649304, "pvalue": 0.08859508113800975, "lower": -0.3190107582776548, "upper": 0.022520630675549463 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.12669127791079174, "se": 0.059828410370137614, "pvalue": 0.035053067924117394, "lower": -0.24443918064474046, "upper": -0.008943375176843016 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.020918938872837616, "se": 0.0496974176254322, "pvalue": 0.6741176477389947, "lower": -0.11872810111674431, "upper": 0.07689022337106907 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.12656496685230337, "se": 0.0448096400319064, "pvalue": 0.005060334837660352, "lower": -0.21475452601621725, "upper": -0.0383754076883895 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": 0.09859440248355122, "se": 0.057444379783557806, "pvalue": 0.08715575199054763, "lower": -0.014461505261951807, "upper": 0.21165031022905426 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.008424911306529009, "se": 0.06768618205962033, "pvalue": 0.9010283589274143, "lower": -0.14163764305523296, "upper": 0.12478782044217496 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.18204140133620228, "se": 0.08939174631546404, "pvalue": 0.042604626001415555, "lower": -0.3579727119836402, "upper": -0.006110090688764336 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.042763561219635794, "se": 0.06583412627639577, "pvalue": 0.5164819731146272, "lower": -0.08680415166809871, "upper": 0.17233127410737029 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": 0.14349390407418738, "se": 0.07021623667939775, "pvalue": 0.041887225591949, "lower": 0.005301788393367035, "upper": 0.28168601975500773 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.17488532735580767, "se": 0.09988956005838931, "pvalue": 0.08102916838901604, "lower": -0.021706661786575765, "upper": 0.3714773164981911 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.07276257454507612, "se": 0.15051795445443367, "pvalue": 0.6291624433052968, "lower": -0.22347082612805652, "upper": 0.36899597521820876 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.005188880136918297, "se": 0.13576382226810987, "pvalue": 0.9695383795796754, "lower": -0.26200700958027884, "upper": 0.27238476985411547 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.2838309653937701, "se": 0.08246174666295186, "pvalue": 0.0006615845790816234, "lower": 0.12153854168954253, "upper": 0.4461233890979977 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.2947762702820846, "se": 0.09801728312759031, "pvalue": 0.0028634984954230415, "lower": 0.10186909710881764, "upper": 0.48768344345535153 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.4970739873692098, "se": 0.11699979512954134, "pvalue": 2.8944236137540155e-05, "lower": 0.26680745660941096, "upper": 0.7273405181290087 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.3783855753555996, "se": 0.14147511622695594, "pvalue": 0.007902705482333471, "lower": 0.09994932539164486, "upper": 0.6568218253195544 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.8703478622816931, "se": 0.23146864568908385, "pvalue": 0.0002050252077860718, "lower": 0.41479593619941585, "upper": 1.3258997883639705 }, { "event_time": 8, "estimate": 0.42058255688206325, "se": 0.11923323877203829, "pvalue": 0.0004869835737770289, "lower": 0.18592040031252785, "upper": 0.6552447134515986 }, { "event_time": 9, "estimate": 0.6916568170294654, "se": 0.14171844738549944, "pvalue": 1.7408053817019327e-06, "lower": 0.4127416686055472, "upper": 0.9705719654533835 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -10, "estimate": 0.17598041695015787, "se": 0.1721243852082182, "pvalue": 0.30743379115741193, "lower": -0.1627764586253645, "upper": 0.5147372925256802 }, { "event_time": -9, "estimate": -0.37862468952413775, "se": 0.2115381096963842, "pvalue": 0.07450813944163187, "lower": -0.7949514582107036, "upper": 0.037702079162428126 }, { "event_time": -8, "estimate": -0.3555443516096263, "se": 0.17052386252071255, "pvalue": 0.03793370014724135, "lower": -0.6911512489629968, "upper": -0.019937454256255704 }, { "event_time": -7, "estimate": -0.22713832012219604, "se": 0.14939684683028182, "pvalue": 0.12949665935502333, "lower": -0.5211652762204815, "upper": 0.0668886359760894 }, { "event_time": -6, "estimate": -0.3367234943390641, "se": 0.16475513050808166, "pvalue": 0.04186916119525262, "lower": -0.6609769879880882, "upper": -0.012470000690040006 }, { "event_time": -5, "estimate": -0.07190869906567068, "se": 0.14090704681546437, "pvalue": 0.6102064825995664, "lower": -0.3492269353401989, "upper": 0.20540953720885755 }, { "event_time": -4, "estimate": -0.1885033020709332, "se": 0.13066631682623114, "pvalue": 0.15019253349765138, "lower": -0.44566682470294866, "upper": 0.06866022056108229 }, { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.3788880086425614, "se": 0.13415488892866662, "pvalue": 0.005064103129611795, "lower": -0.6429173671885955, "upper": -0.11485865009652724 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.13352897746040607, "se": 0.05990930224815382, "pvalue": 0.02658210683708542, "lower": -0.25143608296985376, "upper": -0.01562187195095835 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.022249168980075812, "se": 0.056528386849652994, "pvalue": 0.6941679188085553, "lower": -0.08900397906950451, "upper": 0.13350231702965615 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.05279629809384538, "se": 0.12515270341982987, "pvalue": 0.6734401802565335, "lower": -0.2991085142800927, "upper": 0.19351591809240198 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": -0.09133043170902777, "se": 0.12842792164492015, "pvalue": 0.477562256400215, "lower": -0.344088583440186, "upper": 0.16142772002213046 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.19508319936141472, "se": 0.059790915242024144, "pvalue": 0.001233839610340691, "lower": 0.07740909054361365, "upper": 0.31275730817921576 }, { "event_time": 4, "estimate": 0.21679243101883916, "se": 0.07107764189659571, "pvalue": 0.002497023611098011, "lower": 0.07690498936994383, "upper": 0.3566798726677345 }, { "event_time": 5, "estimate": 0.4224980758076772, "se": 0.07696679068645947, "pvalue": 8.744719178887468e-08, "lower": 0.27102023898357014, "upper": 0.5739759126317843 }, { "event_time": 6, "estimate": 0.3678759988172735, "se": 0.13853134444918758, "pvalue": 0.008351393825088375, "lower": 0.09523336681534011, "upper": 0.6405186308192069 }, { "event_time": 7, "estimate": 0.8407406323016895, "se": 0.2402476992634427, "pvalue": 0.0005386344235936472, "lower": 0.367910708358956, "upper": 1.3135705562444229 }, { "event_time": 8, "estimate": 0.4030067118580367, "se": 0.11840895378806351, "pvalue": 0.0007579474297369847, "lower": 0.16996682516860767, "upper": 0.6360465985474657 }, { "event_time": 9, "estimate": 0.6831068344349377, "se": 0.13527416670031323, "pvalue": 7.787124357950637e-07, "lower": 0.41687463263479135, "upper": 0.949339036235084 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0 ], "weights": [ 0.25, 0.125, 0.11458333333333333, 0.11458333333333333, 0.11458333333333333, 0.10416666666666667, 0.052083333333333336, 0.041666666666666664, 0.041666666666666664, 0.041666666666666664 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 2.3977055141344294e-07, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 2.084834272925666e-15 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.287913489876285, "df_num": 16, "df_den": 2686, "pvalue": 0.997361150037311, "log10_pvalue": -0.0011475527539355952, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 3088, "design_columns": 98, "restricted_design_columns": 82, "fixed_effect_rank": 304, "covariance_rank": 16, "rss_unrestricted": 1090.6079125615877, "rss_restricted": 1092.4783562261732, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 2, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-10.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-9.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-8.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-7.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-6.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-5.0]" ], "data": [ [ -0.03717610793146061, -0.0030092835717773075, 0.004425675038249854, 0.0044256772792058, 0.00442570061871872, -0.012472508189210337 ], [ 0.003716096634648529, -0.03619518606690878, -0.002990326751864717, 0.004389749271638006, 0.004389772421699588, 0.006078929146495052 ], [ 0.0037161089596399817, 0.004394932894311658, -0.03593662093817719, -0.00297559315437592, 0.0043504371142981755, 0.0060395992452555135 ], [ 0.0037161089596399817, 0.004394932894311658, 0.004356419354863123, -0.03594262612140891, -0.0029755702117091587, 0.0060395992452555135 ], [ 0.0037161322981681313, 0.004394389529167936, 0.004355875747878896, 0.004349870526939023, -0.03556774621956359, -0.0012812539870485666 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_5,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_6,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_7,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_10,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.6.0]:cohort_dummy_5", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.5.0]:cohort_dummy_6", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.4.0]:cohort_dummy_7", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_10" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.7093875173298355 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.5513087303936879 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.5791306035409234 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.7256683844741362 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.6620912186685262 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.5295525799264904 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.07791592527988583 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": -0.06069391101201588 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.08866242712920931 }, { "event_time": 6.0, "cohort": 5, "estimate": 0.20930151503906166 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.224926391707436 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": -0.3876336830352973 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.15229719754329565 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.015585377074128357 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.6952478969895324 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.2152619971537835 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.031172367531766103 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.25172395661124053 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.23511861863291847 }, { "event_time": 5.0, "cohort": 6, "estimate": 0.38408877832647154 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.41827673492515 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.20024816510977853 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.07516256455127475 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.09627071006765875 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": -0.7912206345531361 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.3963072225461014 }, { "event_time": 3.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.2350644808945045 }, { "event_time": 4.0, "cohort": 7, "estimate": 0.5119938040550819 }, { "event_time": -9.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.11827531110523262 }, { "event_time": -8.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.3508072298314897 }, { "event_time": -7.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.5444646925744612 }, { "event_time": -6.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.46374939715450775 }, { "event_time": -5.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.5474274557859555 }, { "event_time": -4.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": -0.3607898226218987 }, { "event_time": -3.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.13010639917842937 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.007669657038174842 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.34432585534861926 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 10, "estimate": 0.39074643025600175 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.7862697543429508 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "7c15e11678a92a15a1449529a9d5f84b6508338c54cf3d6ce25067b0b5f700e0" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P080", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T6-PB-OTHER-C3-HOLD", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P080.json", "input_bytes": 503228, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p080", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-T6-PB-OTHER-C3-HOLD", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T6-PB-OTHER-C3-HOLD", "specification_id": "S22-P080", "data": "repl-archives/twfe-microdata-replication-private/outputs/expansion_nigerian_oil_2026_10_06/validation/native_inputs/REXER-T6-PB-OTHER-C3-HOLD.csv", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P080" }, "source": { "file": "REXER-T6-PB-OTHER-C3-HOLD.csv", "bytes": 503228, "sha256": "64d93c8e501fcbc4063f7962d7c4fd9fa777ca4ac70ee0804d3ee49a021d6e0e" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3183, "source_sd": 19.5457132368174, "rows": 546, "units": 56, "clusters": 56, "treated_units": 3, "never_treated_units": 53, "treated_cohorts": 3, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 546, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 251, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 1151, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 7 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": 0.04701019018057746, "se": 0.40102675486499967, "pvalue": 0.9071091258704601, "lower": -0.7566653858660001, "upper": 0.8506857662271551 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.07292926308174288, "se": 0.2870791183149335, "pvalue": 0.8004128468380837, "lower": -0.6482486725320327, "upper": 0.502390146368547 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.10357867959473996, "se": 0.3298329194770481, "pvalue": 0.7546834395099057, "lower": -0.7645786212297471, "upper": 0.5574212620402671 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.10302790726298905, "se": 0.1028594062010963, "pvalue": 0.32090493622197946, "lower": -0.3091627636725153, "upper": 0.10310694914653717 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -1.141201124014052, "se": 0.25775477808864183, "pvalue": 4.57060771447227e-05, "lower": -1.657753242410446, "upper": -0.624649005617658 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.2894226893619605, "se": 0.6176497800843442, "pvalue": 0.6412167776128084, "lower": -1.5272205090396784, "upper": 0.9483751303157575 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.50077213948578, "se": 0.36918682706225436, "pvalue": 0.18050795435353018, "lower": -1.2406390743189628, "upper": 0.23909479534740274 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.31486174237727893, "se": 0.5135103060386346, "pvalue": 0.5423008178411192, "lower": -1.343959392359217, "upper": 0.7142359076046593 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.4509195526086897, "se": 0.33635411395690396, "pvalue": 0.18555849196052343, "lower": -0.22314915480448644, "upper": 1.124988260021866 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.6467666933405755, "se": 0.22164125216627267, "pvalue": 0.005092649223340907, "lower": 0.2025876981750827, "upper": 1.0909456885060682 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.3741474771725011, "se": 0.13275408937233815, "pvalue": 0.006695084285162623, "lower": -0.6401926174394363, "upper": -0.10810233690556581 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.0884294682246801, "se": 0.19234247400629764, "pvalue": 0.6475078671434714, "lower": -0.473892399861929, "upper": 0.29703346341256875 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": 0.18366999714014642, "se": 0.22564003087569073, "pvalue": 0.4191577733260351, "lower": -0.2685227296374833, "upper": 0.6358627239177761 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.3196140285091837, "se": 0.5969465762853721, "pvalue": 0.5945215180188023, "lower": -1.5159217006161996, "upper": 0.8766936435978321 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.44061500614906424, "se": 0.5254672658531246, "pvalue": 0.40536808924121187, "lower": -1.4936749390712292, "upper": 0.6124449267731008 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.34880050230397125, "se": 0.3534789115425276, "pvalue": 0.3280792616607047, "lower": -0.35958706637555643, "upper": 1.0571880709834989 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.3138416564598172, "se": 0.10121388741150628, "pvalue": 0.003042216259078881, "lower": 0.11100449339637314, "upper": 0.5166788195232612 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -1.1215219843966842, "se": 0.28244723007651984, "pvalue": 0.00020990823247333761, "lower": -1.6875588823860028, "upper": -0.5554850864073655 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.37072007380561195, "se": 0.11759713237669461, "pvalue": 0.0026212600461812774, "lower": -0.6063899934748899, "upper": -0.13505015413633403 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.5089176871890269, "se": 0.06997225540030891, "pvalue": 1.3459221286831033e-09, "lower": -0.6491452205989916, "upper": -0.36869015377906206 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.34403534301526395, "se": 0.14711686161758689, "pvalue": 0.023023110462900183, "lower": -0.63886412207386, "upper": -0.04920656395666784 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.44896322105474934, "se": 0.20033896192933448, "pvalue": 0.029081794795085797, "lower": 0.047474969510703846, "upper": 0.8504514725987948 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.49267404738419746, "se": 0.13996545640988123, "pvalue": 0.0008751174047565256, "lower": 0.2121770046252907, "upper": 0.7731710901431041 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 ], "weights": [ 0.375, 0.25, 0.25, 0.125 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 1.1102230246251565e-16, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": 0.0, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 3.281416537555565e-15 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.21395199399863254, "df_num": 2, "df_den": 469, "pvalue": 0.8074659022654093, "log10_pvalue": -0.09287580803170793, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 546, "design_columns": 11, "restricted_design_columns": 9, "fixed_effect_rank": 66, "covariance_rank": 2, "rss_unrestricted": 450.3935643238884, "rss_restricted": 450.8044922606528, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 8, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-3.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-2.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.0.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]" ], "data": [ [ 3.101927297073854e-25, -1.9387045606711586e-26, -5.169878828456423e-26, -1.550963648536927e-25, -1.9387045606711586e-26, 2.0679515313825692e-25 ], [ -6.32765215741514e-13, -1.275149585604588e-13, 1.7769151313824687e-13, 8.104567564056175e-13, 1.2691253247888016e-13, 1.1028708126720622e-12 ], [ -1.975745421788644e-12, -3.981498287094274e-13, 5.548103607688256e-13, 2.5305558569130837e-12, 3.9626908809605165e-13, 3.443592979553998e-12 ], [ -1.975745421788644e-12, -3.981498287094274e-13, 5.548103607688256e-13, 2.5305558569130837e-12, 3.9626908809605165e-13, 3.443592979553998e-12 ], [ -8.336676211317725e-12, -1.6799592848847348e-12, 2.3408404024114793e-12, 1.0677516842894456e-11, 1.672026634773367e-12, 1.4530138400925566e-11 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.11610664841982336 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 1.2939270212941179 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.6829060192586333 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -1.4555779825586956 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 1.3991756089315628 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "538c06b81a46a104838d662d6e6489d0d2daa7f680fd234049f28c97c87ef555" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P081", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T6-PB-OTHER-C4-HOLD", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P081.json", "input_bytes": 503228, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p081", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-T6-PB-OTHER-C4-HOLD", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T6-PB-OTHER-C4-HOLD", "specification_id": "S22-P081", "data": "repl-archives/twfe-microdata-replication-private/outputs/expansion_nigerian_oil_2026_10_06/validation/native_inputs/REXER-T6-PB-OTHER-C4-HOLD.csv", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P081" }, "source": { "file": "REXER-T6-PB-OTHER-C4-HOLD.csv", "bytes": 503228, "sha256": "64d93c8e501fcbc4063f7962d7c4fd9fa777ca4ac70ee0804d3ee49a021d6e0e" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3183, "source_sd": 19.5457132368174, "rows": 546, "units": 56, "clusters": 56, "treated_units": 3, "never_treated_units": 53, "treated_cohorts": 3, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 546, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 251, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 1151, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 7 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": 0.46043384283435496, "se": 0.35319495551450636, "pvalue": 0.19779182265888587, "lower": -0.2473846652485333, "upper": 1.168252350917243 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": 0.44307211345775527, "se": 0.24912170991526625, "pvalue": 0.08084291884613441, "lower": -0.05617894970200582, "upper": 0.9423231766175164 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": 0.3952717952550058, "se": 0.3773115767842859, "pvalue": 0.2994047052092854, "lower": -0.36087750187414425, "upper": 1.151421092384156 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": 0.506695440824378, "se": 0.31702561896117126, "pvalue": 0.11571068095792238, "lower": -0.12863809702376972, "upper": 1.1420289786725257 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -2.9401723274698073, "se": 1.0138220233081343, "pvalue": 0.005352484991077692, "lower": -4.971917064464121, "upper": -0.9084275904754944 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.3893083601449425, "se": 0.5492067888405003, "pvalue": 0.48140797978998795, "lower": -0.7113266399778455, "upper": 1.4899433602677306 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.25085330209896617, "se": 0.2708892457323346, "pvalue": 0.3584727464091568, "lower": -0.7937274818579827, "upper": 0.29202087766005036 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.7977428636250349, "se": 0.5034531778686118, "pvalue": 0.11880399601014191, "lower": -0.21119985111289885, "upper": 1.8066855783629685 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 1.0571013088685786, "se": 0.32325338898591016, "pvalue": 0.0018576647979773903, "lower": 0.40928704099082835, "upper": 1.7049155767463287 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.5874484689717138, "se": 0.4655511746367116, "pvalue": 0.21233350408467647, "lower": -0.345536933913122, "upper": 1.5204338718565495 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.8100997317786225, "se": 0.5163956842659344, "pvalue": 0.12244029049233833, "lower": -1.844979808944797, "upper": 0.2247803453875521 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.3302835287175209, "se": 0.16118814688084634, "pvalue": 0.04523923949777809, "lower": 0.007255263832916248, "upper": 0.6533117936021255 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": 0.04984258672309037, "se": 0.1350240553246416, "pvalue": 0.7134417801993533, "lower": -0.22075166696880258, "upper": 0.3204368404149833 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.09941096309105518, "se": 0.725463021850882, "pvalue": 0.8915066459461704, "lower": -1.3544494213183842, "upper": 1.5532713475004944 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.5193920758189113, "se": 0.5186975476488906, "pvalue": 0.32104820377814663, "lower": -0.520101038651721, "upper": 1.5588851902895438 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.7620790868863551, "se": 0.32144565908049144, "pvalue": 0.021281636684396164, "lower": 0.11788759069515509, "upper": 1.406270583077555 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.30099914735634764, "se": 0.278837014379519, "pvalue": 0.2850847810066372, "lower": -0.25780271669884786, "upper": 0.8598010114115431 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -2.975943735591415, "se": 1.222659698472241, "pvalue": 0.018208509035229515, "lower": -5.426208526052589, "upper": -0.5256789451302404 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.3913221293937421, "se": 0.6094138204258644, "pvalue": 0.5234571562899628, "lower": -0.8299704582950196, "upper": 1.6126147170825038 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.1572753904085899, "se": 0.291164486977456, "pvalue": 0.591267362641569, "lower": -0.7407820616148209, "upper": 0.4262312807976411 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.8101576465475064, "se": 0.6069630966629305, "pvalue": 0.18745010177988286, "lower": -0.4062235809688648, "upper": 2.0265388740638777 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 1.0605984969771134, "se": 0.37169698936892875, "pvalue": 0.006085256424014644, "lower": 0.3157010844680308, "upper": 1.805495909486196 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.7838774107715547, "se": 0.4218200677223546, "pvalue": 0.06847826031083544, "lower": -0.061468895434104054, "upper": 1.6292237169772135 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 ], "weights": [ 0.375, 0.25, 0.25, 0.125 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 1.5245975482081064e-08, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 1.075073429103661e-14 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.02590479266469366, "df_num": 2, "df_den": 429, "pvalue": 0.9744293819883441, "log10_pvalue": -0.01124962922369947, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 546, "design_columns": 51, "restricted_design_columns": 49, "fixed_effect_rank": 66, "covariance_rank": 2, "rss_unrestricted": 375.4053099872657, "rss_restricted": 375.45064703491346, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 8, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-3.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-2.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.0.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]" ], "data": [ [ 3.101927297073854e-25, -1.9387045606711586e-26, -5.169878828456423e-26, -1.550963648536927e-25, -1.9387045606711586e-26, 2.0679515313825692e-25 ], [ -6.32765215741514e-13, -1.275149585604588e-13, 1.7769151313824687e-13, 8.104567564056175e-13, 1.2691253247888016e-13, 1.1028708126720622e-12 ], [ -1.975745421788644e-12, -3.981498287094274e-13, 5.548103607688256e-13, 2.5305558569130837e-12, 3.9626908809605165e-13, 3.443592979553998e-12 ], [ -1.975745421788644e-12, -3.981498287094274e-13, 5.548103607688256e-13, 2.5305558569130837e-12, 3.9626908809605165e-13, 3.443592979553998e-12 ], [ -8.336676211317725e-12, -1.6799592848847348e-12, 2.3408404024114793e-12, 1.0677516842894456e-11, 1.672026634773367e-12, 1.4530138400925566e-11 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.23067588262889532 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.467214220493831 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.10526547250995029 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -1.1370786559953743 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 1.0453884594058402 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "538c06b81a46a104838d662d6e6489d0d2daa7f680fd234049f28c97c87ef555" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P082", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T6-PB-OTHER-C5-HOLD", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P082.json", "input_bytes": 502571, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p082", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-T6-PB-OTHER-C5-HOLD", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T6-PB-OTHER-C5-HOLD", "specification_id": "S22-P082", "data": "repl-archives/twfe-microdata-replication-private/outputs/expansion_nigerian_oil_2026_10_06/validation/native_inputs/REXER-T6-PB-OTHER-C5-HOLD.csv", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P082" }, "source": { "file": "REXER-T6-PB-OTHER-C5-HOLD.csv", "bytes": 502571, "sha256": "61f16b46d13118f31a8cb985e4acf6d22fc34e11856e0b82863be9d3c0e7a82c" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3183, "source_sd": 4.900880408819968, "rows": 546, "units": 56, "clusters": 56, "treated_units": 3, "never_treated_units": 53, "treated_cohorts": 3, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 546, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 251, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 1151, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 7 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.1728203499337184, "se": 0.07000859519683533, "pvalue": 0.01670225179277695, "lower": -0.31312070992333774, "upper": -0.03251998994409902 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.1373333571595056, "se": 0.0644003479936827, "pvalue": 0.03744592267406797, "lower": -0.266394538598251, "upper": -0.008272175720760194 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.14449761481872117, "se": 0.06370666318714992, "pvalue": 0.02726667593706126, "lower": -0.2721686208396876, "upper": -0.016826608797754744 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.13636564414696845, "se": 0.03644210779072747, "pvalue": 0.0004377586345747907, "lower": -0.20939726015703658, "upper": -0.06333402813690032 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.17564156803680267, "se": 0.06167025635153442, "pvalue": 0.006174389209259139, "lower": 0.05205161251140583, "upper": 0.2992315235621995 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.06080987648349902, "se": 0.049861965011015856, "pvalue": 0.22783424724761248, "lower": -0.03911573438137321, "upper": 0.16073548734837123 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.12742800829009265, "se": 0.0441581345571339, "pvalue": 0.0055687512255395135, "lower": -0.215922887489097, "upper": -0.038933129091088314 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.1832630329028037, "se": 0.04526111471201457, "pvalue": 0.00016247391004401275, "lower": -0.2739683337272681, "upper": -0.09255773207833932 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.009029131989452538, "se": 0.18719710638382067, "pvalue": 0.9617050463513958, "lower": -0.36612225250586644, "upper": 0.38418051648477153 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.36791503057906455, "se": 0.09109970830354384, "pvalue": 0.00016813070966388512, "lower": -0.5504829257639444, "upper": -0.18534713539418465 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.08523033748058875, "se": 0.03117801591124359, "pvalue": 0.008408743816308888, "lower": 0.02274819734035506, "upper": 0.14771247762082246 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.010566214058751326, "se": 0.022863419715269218, "pvalue": 0.6458003615103104, "lower": -0.056385531067286804, "upper": 0.03525310294978415 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.021396089236721115, "se": 0.025515396654310633, "pvalue": 0.405348253911151, "lower": -0.07253008679534566, "upper": 0.029737908321903428 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.14732626105767793, "se": 0.0494844284855162, "pvalue": 0.004318737984814245, "lower": -0.24649527181812148, "upper": -0.0481572502972344 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.17062121164302677, "se": 0.05324193769351075, "pvalue": 0.0022521872521137232, "lower": -0.2773204391299127, "upper": -0.06392198415614082 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.023017210436327592, "se": 0.19093428789808534, "pvalue": 0.9044864489906811, "lower": -0.3596236531768581, "upper": 0.4056580740495133 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.4187941329633373, "se": 0.07760369255346221, "pvalue": 1.4843957288412474e-06, "lower": -0.5743154081890779, "upper": -0.2632728577375967 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -3, "estimate": 0.15021574854962216, "se": 0.08411794839632439, "pvalue": 0.0796491323239986, "lower": -0.01836038711501728, "upper": 0.31879188421426163 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.021941156511001526, "se": 0.051235078131790686, "pvalue": 0.6701453118845976, "lower": -0.08073623454042538, "upper": 0.12461854756242842 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.12568010512827965, "se": 0.03624034082903633, "pvalue": 0.001026064810903772, "lower": -0.1983073711113305, "upper": -0.05305283914522878 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.17123030933268735, "se": 0.0492441983816901, "pvalue": 0.0009976564443384519, "lower": -0.26991788820676915, "upper": -0.07254273045860553 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.02262373619468372, "se": 0.062184995866773236, "pvalue": 0.7173921644873746, "lower": -0.10199778037098026, "upper": 0.1472452527603477 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.41667169151490135, "se": 0.07703245546388401, "pvalue": 1.4185481077188957e-06, "lower": -0.5710481820312515, "upper": -0.2622952009985512 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 ], "weights": [ 0.375, 0.25, 0.25, 0.125 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 5.551115123125783e-17, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": 0.0, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 1.8307754093291986e-15 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.3361732539508196, "df_num": 2, "df_den": 469, "pvalue": 0.7146713307312601, "log10_pvalue": -0.14589363941128095, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 546, "design_columns": 11, "restricted_design_columns": 9, "fixed_effect_rank": 66, "covariance_rank": 2, "rss_unrestricted": 54.33543759628174, "rss_restricted": 54.41333150187485, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 8, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-3.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-2.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.0.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]" ], "data": [ [ 3.101927297073854e-25, -1.9387045606711586e-26, -5.169878828456423e-26, -1.550963648536927e-25, -1.9387045606711586e-26, 2.0679515313825692e-25 ], [ -6.32765215741514e-13, -1.275149585604588e-13, 1.7769151313824687e-13, 8.104567564056175e-13, 1.2691253247888016e-13, 1.1028708126720622e-12 ], [ -1.975745421788644e-12, -3.981498287094274e-13, 5.548103607688256e-13, 2.5305558569130837e-12, 3.9626908809605165e-13, 3.443592979553998e-12 ], [ -1.975745421788644e-12, -3.981498287094274e-13, 5.548103607688256e-13, 2.5305558569130837e-12, 3.9626908809605165e-13, 3.443592979553998e-12 ], [ -8.336676211317725e-12, -1.6799592848847348e-12, 2.3408404024114793e-12, 1.0677516842894456e-11, 1.672026634773367e-12, 1.4530138400925566e-11 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.028923874723669692 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.04202912156609084 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.5089999648808974 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.03538043923797404 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -0.10313494757299344 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "538c06b81a46a104838d662d6e6489d0d2daa7f680fd234049f28c97c87ef555" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P083", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T6-PB-OTHER-C6-HOLD", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P083.json", "input_bytes": 502571, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p083", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-T6-PB-OTHER-C6-HOLD", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T6-PB-OTHER-C6-HOLD", "specification_id": "S22-P083", "data": "repl-archives/twfe-microdata-replication-private/outputs/expansion_nigerian_oil_2026_10_06/validation/native_inputs/REXER-T6-PB-OTHER-C6-HOLD.csv", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P083" }, "source": { "file": "REXER-T6-PB-OTHER-C6-HOLD.csv", "bytes": 502571, "sha256": "61f16b46d13118f31a8cb985e4acf6d22fc34e11856e0b82863be9d3c0e7a82c" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3183, "source_sd": 4.900880408819968, "rows": 546, "units": 56, "clusters": 56, "treated_units": 3, "never_treated_units": 53, "treated_cohorts": 3, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 546, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 251, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 1151, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 7 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": -0.1548516162623062, "se": 0.15762235225053767, "pvalue": 0.33019414774198713, "lower": -0.47073386901976033, "upper": 0.16103063649514793 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": -0.13961469164968388, "se": 0.1257867164753877, "pvalue": 0.27185767596428906, "lower": -0.3916969046092554, "upper": 0.11246752130988763 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": -0.13277306211569678, "se": 0.16718582185401656, "pvalue": 0.43051296203379663, "lower": -0.4678209362421471, "upper": 0.20227481201075354 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": -0.10001320593217983, "se": 0.09818166662185589, "pvalue": 0.312827058752508, "lower": -0.2967736627403441, "upper": 0.09674725087598449 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.4504171463115998, "se": 0.2699802745413394, "pvalue": 0.10093354429362168, "lower": -0.9914697070971423, "upper": 0.09063541447394274 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.2436122334224326, "se": 0.26170401676445904, "pvalue": 0.3559892600355965, "lower": -0.28085433614019656, "upper": 0.7680788029850618 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.2012589435611127, "se": 0.18950872416845385, "pvalue": 0.292875130800367, "lower": -0.5810429136186842, "upper": 0.17852502649645882 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.0596867122201508, "se": 0.19930658405536325, "pvalue": 0.7657088512161109, "lower": -0.4591060322714811, "upper": 0.3397326078311795 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.21167801720110613, "se": 0.1537285664529731, "pvalue": 0.1741037490802188, "lower": -0.09640091444149335, "upper": 0.5197569488437056 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.8171233124760435, "se": 0.5105844887984231, "pvalue": 0.11524595491697065, "lower": -1.8403574936808784, "upper": 0.20611086872879136 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.23872134367586867, "se": 0.15608786006637163, "pvalue": 0.1318959371774315, "lower": -0.5515284053766469, "upper": 0.07408571802490954 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.1286067676906694, "se": 0.07973496768107056, "pvalue": 0.11248399692900758, "lower": -0.031185678336308698, "upper": 0.2883992137176475 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": -0.00616962401095502, "se": 0.03814155894247997, "pvalue": 0.872090812820241, "lower": -0.08260701623614747, "upper": 0.07026776821423741 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.2824207726194353, "se": 0.36254719812736425, "pvalue": 0.4393243178147752, "lower": -1.0089815937226758, "upper": 0.4441400484838053 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.0423952067807147, "se": 0.22533068682827997, "pvalue": 0.8514541850731495, "lower": -0.40917758067245996, "upper": 0.4939679942338893 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.24765931578487754, "se": 0.1686997198663226, "pvalue": 0.14778716902673886, "lower": -0.0904224777555665, "upper": 0.5857411093253215 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.7950312241984527, "se": 0.4702350082651466, "pvalue": 0.09655244149842106, "lower": -1.737403239432148, "upper": 0.14734079103524245 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.6503849063378717, "se": 0.34510501103936125, "pvalue": 0.06477238032525288, "lower": -1.3419908033982466, "upper": 0.04122099072250318 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.28565729920946853, "se": 0.24497986173100156, "pvalue": 0.24862826933120666, "lower": -0.2052933147034413, "upper": 0.7766079131223784 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.30137132066238703, "se": 0.17603234387753833, "pvalue": 0.09252633352259784, "lower": -0.6541480211003287, "upper": 0.051405379775554594 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.11235434628304726, "se": 0.1177610051158443, "pvalue": 0.34421378552018705, "lower": -0.12364398169424688, "upper": 0.3483526742603414 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.29446841101498633, "se": 0.15886451235983692, "pvalue": 0.06916538981575786, "lower": -0.023903186229518814, "upper": 0.6128400082594915 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": -0.7096372000663447, "se": 0.532214664722434, "pvalue": 0.18790791914581173, "lower": -1.77621922249332, "upper": 0.35694482236063063 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 ], "weights": [ 0.375, 0.25, 0.25, 0.125 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 3.2559255291886302e-09, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 3.430571733974444e-16 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.7229281115724046, "df_num": 2, "df_den": 429, "pvalue": 0.4859193566492677, "log10_pvalue": -0.31343580042551755, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 546, "design_columns": 51, "restricted_design_columns": 49, "fixed_effect_rank": 66, "covariance_rank": 2, "rss_unrestricted": 41.42415847033814, "rss_restricted": 41.563770072466056, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 8, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-3.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-2.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.0.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]" ], "data": [ [ 3.101927297073854e-25, -1.9387045606711586e-26, -5.169878828456423e-26, -1.550963648536927e-25, -1.9387045606711586e-26, 2.0679515313825692e-25 ], [ -6.32765215741514e-13, -1.275149585604588e-13, 1.7769151313824687e-13, 8.104567564056175e-13, 1.2691253247888016e-13, 1.1028708126720622e-12 ], [ -1.975745421788644e-12, -3.981498287094274e-13, 5.548103607688256e-13, 2.5305558569130837e-12, 3.9626908809605165e-13, 3.443592979553998e-12 ], [ -1.975745421788644e-12, -3.981498287094274e-13, 5.548103607688256e-13, 2.5305558569130837e-12, 3.9626908809605165e-13, 3.443592979553998e-12 ], [ -8.336676211317725e-12, -1.6799592848847348e-12, 2.3408404024114793e-12, 1.0677516842894456e-11, 1.672026634773367e-12, 1.4530138400925566e-11 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.4553841672810528 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.6773457329130941 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.11721536557555504 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 0.23205968432209917 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -1.4641836283028502 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "538c06b81a46a104838d662d6e6489d0d2daa7f680fd234049f28c97c87ef555" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P084", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T6-PB-OTHER-C7-HOLD", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P084.json", "input_bytes": 503102, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p084", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-T6-PB-OTHER-C7-HOLD", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T6-PB-OTHER-C7-HOLD", "specification_id": "S22-P084", "data": "repl-archives/twfe-microdata-replication-private/outputs/expansion_nigerian_oil_2026_10_06/validation/native_inputs/REXER-T6-PB-OTHER-C7-HOLD.csv", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P084" }, "source": { "file": "REXER-T6-PB-OTHER-C7-HOLD.csv", "bytes": 503102, "sha256": "101446099a007878fa813b22cd72eba48a76207306a9469a4bb7f17283e2745f" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3183, "source_sd": 9.624386552239383, "rows": 546, "units": 56, "clusters": 56, "treated_units": 3, "never_treated_units": 53, "treated_cohorts": 3, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 546, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 251, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 1151, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 7 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": 0.25749476125531173, "se": 0.24540962010345685, "pvalue": 0.2986542724329067, "lower": -0.234317107681992, "upper": 0.7493066301926155 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": 0.20977972620046398, "se": 0.19806501329957568, "pvalue": 0.2941628234892229, "lower": -0.18715143045464588, "upper": 0.6067108828555738 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": 0.15579761282921037, "se": 0.2145689899108772, "pvalue": 0.4708588707528798, "lower": -0.27420825205730437, "upper": 0.585803477715725 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": 0.16070124937302005, "se": 0.08925098729763535, "pvalue": 0.07725742557223345, "lower": -0.018161726124211852, "upper": 0.33956422487025195 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -1.4333057320209244, "se": 0.20362785889380983, "pvalue": 3.257844363740924e-09, "lower": -1.841385080369402, "upper": -1.0252263836724467 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.022397311706870506, "se": 0.256433836724104, "pvalue": 0.9307173052098271, "lower": -0.5363022044526317, "upper": 0.49150758103889064 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.2781863205336648, "se": 0.3201900371015495, "pvalue": 0.38872318991398375, "lower": -0.9198614940481831, "upper": 0.36348885298085337 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.147404968097087, "se": 0.12922330127317688, "pvalue": 0.25893776015820336, "lower": -0.11156431469882475, "upper": 0.4063742508929987 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.6462331413233486, "se": 0.22233536443816942, "pvalue": 0.00525748655712684, "lower": 0.2006631140803442, "upper": 1.091803168566353 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.9255205523638351, "se": 0.2090644412080245, "pvalue": 4.578495723220048e-05, "lower": 0.5065460495896333, "upper": 1.344495055138037 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.7540708257754374, "se": 0.1222583933972083, "pvalue": 8.606751194507554e-08, "lower": -0.9990821212764248, "upper": -0.50905953027445 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.18171812675717222, "se": 0.05348205691568619, "pvalue": 0.0012694919642680894, "lower": 0.07453768959571816, "upper": 0.2888985639186263 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": 0.13020672143499135, "se": 0.15886031841965143, "pvalue": 0.415964713302864, "lower": -0.18815647096556365, "upper": 0.44856991383554634 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.14397093996642163, "se": 0.4748654077792298, "pvalue": 0.7628945450961856, "lower": -1.0956224831908599, "upper": 0.8076806032580167 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": -0.005501729095817815, "se": 0.09872852803918215, "pvalue": 0.9557621679419224, "lower": -0.20335812067455694, "upper": 0.19235466248292132 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.5054630201801779, "se": 0.24079324948761963, "pvalue": 0.04040656407165901, "lower": 0.022902564693272065, "upper": 0.9880234756670836 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.6783711403642279, "se": 0.10743376497003447, "pvalue": 4.976390631475835e-08, "lower": 0.4630690641269182, "upper": 0.8936732166015375 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -1.2927398054336223, "se": 0.22173338159940487, "pvalue": 3.0212884576003283e-07, "lower": -1.7371034321089711, "upper": -0.8483761787582735 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.013612487194478717, "se": 0.05368708726498584, "pvalue": 0.8007868357188219, "lower": -0.1212038143578627, "upper": 0.09397883996890527 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.2749493055944281, "se": 0.03374002908342957, "pvalue": 4.9883829285171944e-11, "lower": -0.3425658348670992, "upper": -0.207332776321757 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.0722105687627059, "se": 0.11225777870548546, "pvalue": 0.5227305855875864, "lower": -0.15275904703564958, "upper": 0.2971801845610614 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.5809130111513312, "se": 0.16559623966747522, "pvalue": 0.0009078344948719134, "lower": 0.24905073091342844, "upper": 0.912775291389234 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.8042107519393707, "se": 0.1244410864977787, "pvalue": 2.8538634421281942e-08, "lower": 0.554825241716664, "upper": 1.0535962621620776 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 ], "weights": [ 0.375, 0.25, 0.25, 0.125 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 1.1102230246251565e-16, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": 0.0, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 2.7342893535069062e-15 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.0635432414618982, "df_num": 2, "df_den": 469, "pvalue": 0.9384416169802532, "log10_pvalue": -0.027592740849786326, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 546, "design_columns": 11, "restricted_design_columns": 9, "fixed_effect_rank": 66, "covariance_rank": 2, "rss_unrestricted": 228.6801163406231, "rss_restricted": 228.74208254893938, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 8, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-3.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-2.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.0.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]" ], "data": [ [ 3.101927297073854e-25, -1.9387045606711586e-26, -5.169878828456423e-26, -1.550963648536927e-25, -1.9387045606711586e-26, 2.0679515313825692e-25 ], [ -6.32765215741514e-13, -1.275149585604588e-13, 1.7769151313824687e-13, 8.104567564056175e-13, 1.2691253247888016e-13, 1.1028708126720622e-12 ], [ -1.975745421788644e-12, -3.981498287094274e-13, 5.548103607688256e-13, 2.5305558569130837e-12, 3.9626908809605165e-13, 3.443592979553998e-12 ], [ -1.975745421788644e-12, -3.981498287094274e-13, 5.548103607688256e-13, 2.5305558569130837e-12, 3.9626908809605165e-13, 3.443592979553998e-12 ], [ -8.336676211317725e-12, -1.6799592848847348e-12, 2.3408404024114793e-12, 1.0677516842894456e-11, 1.672026634773367e-12, 1.4530138400925566e-11 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.5795836674498548 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": -0.05260695351227703 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.4081514729118816 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -0.5294214839639032 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 1.3432760079822106 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "538c06b81a46a104838d662d6e6489d0d2daa7f680fd234049f28c97c87ef555" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P085", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T6-PB-OTHER-C8-HOLD", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "", "outcome_label": "", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "", "unit_fixed_effects": "", "time_fixed_effects": "", "allowed_adjustments": "", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "", "panel_structure": "", "design": "", "descriptive_metadata_status": "not_recorded_in_exported_source_metadata", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "ready", "reason": "", "config": "analyses/full-archive/configs/S22-P085.json", "input_bytes": 503102, "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "completed", "result": { "schema": "did-replication-v2", "config": { "outcomes": [ "y" ], "treatments": [ "d" ], "unit": "unit", "time": "time", "cluster": "cluster", "covariates": [], "baseline_by_time": [ "cntrd_lat", "dist_coast_km", "dist_niger_km", "dist_capital_km" ], "weight": null, "period_step": 1, "period_values": null, "display_window": [ -10, 10 ], "seed": 20261008, "panelview_max_units": 100, "test_mode": "classical", "test_horizon": null, "post_horizon": null, "post_weighting": "observations", "sample_query": null, "reversal_policy": "drop_post_untreated", "labels": { "y": "", "d": "" }, "allow_repeated_cells": true, "time_fe": null, "unit_fe": null, "frequency_weights": false, "source_sd": null, "require_never_control_periods": false, "latest_cohort_control": true, "slug": "s22-p085", "study_id": 22, "study": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "citation": "Rexer (2025), AER. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220528", "description": "REXER-T6-PB-OTHER-C8-HOLD", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T6-PB-OTHER-C8-HOLD", "specification_id": "S22-P085", "data": "repl-archives/twfe-microdata-replication-private/outputs/expansion_nigerian_oil_2026_10_06/validation/native_inputs/REXER-T6-PB-OTHER-C8-HOLD.csv", "output_dir": "analyses/full-archive/results/S22-P085" }, "source": { "file": "REXER-T6-PB-OTHER-C8-HOLD.csv", "bytes": 503102, "sha256": "101446099a007878fa813b22cd72eba48a76207306a9469a4bb7f17283e2745f" }, "versions": { "pyfixest": "0.60.0", "polars": "2.0.0", "duckreg": "0.4.1", "numpy": "2.5.3", "pandas": "3.0.6" }, "specifications": { "y__d": { "sample": { "outcome": "y", "treatment": "d", "source_rows": 3183, "source_sd": 9.624386552239383, "rows": 546, "units": 56, "clusters": 56, "treated_units": 3, "never_treated_units": 53, "treated_cohorts": 3, "latest_cohort_control_index": null, "unique_unit_period_cells": 546, "unsupported_prediction_rows_removed": 0, "rows_without_never_control_time_fe_removed": 0, "initially_treated_units_removed": 251, "post_adoption_untreated_rows_removed": 1151, "units_without_minus_one_removed": 0, "additional_rows_removed": 7 }, "estimates": [ { "method": "Static TWFE", "estimate": 0.6055333092652331, "se": 0.3494745746633342, "pvalue": 0.08875412592913551, "lower": -0.09482938898101478, "upper": 1.305896007511481 }, { "method": "Dynamic TWFE", "estimate": 0.4006798401505608, "se": 0.27182062180001937, "pvalue": 0.14616656073310505, "lower": -0.14406085895817977, "upper": 0.9454205392593014 }, { "method": "BJS / did2s", "estimate": 0.48469692134501247, "se": 0.44936891063189377, "pvalue": 0.2854663400145406, "lower": -0.4158584997791605, "upper": 1.3852523424691854 }, { "method": "Sun\u2013Abraham", "estimate": 0.32752083888341826, "se": 0.20533866626907724, "pvalue": 0.11643694224072511, "lower": -0.08398704406067681, "upper": 0.7390287218275133 } ], "event_studies": { "Dynamic TWFE": [ { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -3.666913325239665, "se": 0.8941206255114659, "pvalue": 0.000136829410793252, "lower": -5.458771100427146, "upper": -1.8750555500521842 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.1499807186852582, "se": 0.31799767548142993, "pvalue": 0.639048815709724, "lower": -0.7872623013318925, "upper": 0.48730086396137606 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": -0.07871803970136997, "se": 0.3228270038738469, "pvalue": 0.808262250127649, "lower": -0.7256778127196175, "upper": 0.5682417333168777 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.2792840788202727, "se": 0.2761174515206063, "pvalue": 0.31622148786760884, "lower": -0.27406765947469186, "upper": 0.8326358171152373 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 1.0030747013664154, "se": 0.3521141535751182, "pvalue": 0.00616352893904466, "lower": 0.29742216877192673, "upper": 1.708727233960904 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.8768752799352203, "se": 0.42044141730912993, "pvalue": 0.041667196617845445, "lower": 0.03429185089816378, "upper": 1.7194587089722768 } ], "BJS / did2s": [ { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -0.8836161083128713, "se": 0.5574269282204856, "pvalue": 0.11866135025418924, "lower": -2.0007246358780284, "upper": 0.2334924192522858 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": 0.14243756537046479, "se": 0.08770581447710252, "pvalue": 0.11008577813177521, "lower": -0.03332881459649811, "upper": 0.3182039453374277 }, { "event_time": -1, "estimate": 0.1995750543732139, "se": 0.11534440911713606, "pvalue": 0.08919312921383994, "lower": -0.031580306999551555, "upper": 0.43073041574597937 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.5816681233679071, "se": 0.9433809796683225, "pvalue": 0.5400568748588714, "lower": -1.308909607590598, "upper": 2.4722458543264123 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.03136476203174065, "se": 0.39585068092445863, "pvalue": 0.9371342300372961, "lower": -0.7619377300363768, "upper": 0.8246672540998581 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.7531026959547747, "se": 0.42982408449642806, "pvalue": 0.08532719567654705, "lower": -0.10828401831232481, "upper": 1.6144894102218743 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.5636360846833479, "se": 0.2612473887009152, "pvalue": 0.03535293789775874, "lower": 0.04008461820936715, "upper": 1.0871875511573288 } ], "Sun\u2013Abraham": [ { "event_time": -3, "estimate": -3.585754652074683, "se": 0.8304964769172419, "pvalue": 6.637135387176729e-05, "lower": -5.250106784180696, "upper": -1.92140251996867 }, { "event_time": -2, "estimate": -0.38625771798165215, "se": 0.19478506179318805, "pvalue": 0.05237071297502566, "lower": -0.7766157049309446, "upper": 0.004100268967640208 }, { "event_time": 0, "estimate": 0.030798080841245693, "se": 0.2669629901466003, "pvalue": 0.9085762975065399, "lower": -0.5042077068933202, "upper": 0.5658038685758116 }, { "event_time": 1, "estimate": 0.09327225863574029, "se": 0.23541116138005697, "pvalue": 0.6934830928881018, "lower": -0.378502251256002, "upper": 0.5650467685274826 }, { "event_time": 2, "estimate": 0.8616073063475448, "se": 0.2755969410419338, "pvalue": 0.00282672231485202, "lower": 0.3092986943620112, "upper": 1.4139159183330783 }, { "event_time": 3, "estimate": 0.618013338577039, "se": 0.30727910990773294, "pvalue": 0.04921067752342639, "lower": 0.0022122413527148055, "upper": 1.2338144358013632 } ] }, "target": { "event_times": [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 ], "weights": [ 0.375, 0.25, 0.25, 0.125 ], "weighting": "observations" }, "checks": { "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 5.994834073597133e-09, "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null, "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 5.612897720218112e-15 }, "inference": { "standard_errors": "Cluster-robust; did2s uses two-stage covariance", "confidence_intervals": "Pointwise t, clusters minus one degrees of freedom" }, "f_test": { "F": 0.22154797530648515, "df_num": 2, "df_den": 429, "pvalue": 0.8013690990268173, "log10_pvalue": -0.09616740807361704, "inference": "Homoskedastic nested-model F", "observations": 546, "design_columns": 51, "restricted_design_columns": 49, "fixed_effect_rank": 66, "covariance_rank": 2, "rss_unrestricted": 177.22749988493987, "rss_restricted": 177.41055067173772, "test_horizon": null, "reference_cohort": 8, "pyfixest": "0.27.0", "formulaic": "1.0.2", "design_head": { "index": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "columns": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-3.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.-2.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.0.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.3.0]" ], "data": [ [ 3.101927297073854e-25, -1.9387045606711586e-26, -5.169878828456423e-26, -1.550963648536927e-25, -1.9387045606711586e-26, 2.0679515313825692e-25 ], [ -6.32765215741514e-13, -1.275149585604588e-13, 1.7769151313824687e-13, 8.104567564056175e-13, 1.2691253247888016e-13, 1.1028708126720622e-12 ], [ -1.975745421788644e-12, -3.981498287094274e-13, 5.548103607688256e-13, 2.5305558569130837e-12, 3.9626908809605165e-13, 3.443592979553998e-12 ], [ -1.975745421788644e-12, -3.981498287094274e-13, 5.548103607688256e-13, 2.5305558569130837e-12, 3.9626908809605165e-13, 3.443592979553998e-12 ], [ -8.336676211317725e-12, -1.6799592848847348e-12, 2.3408404024114793e-12, 1.0677516842894456e-11, 1.672026634773367e-12, 1.4530138400925566e-11 ] ] }, "formula": "y~i(rel_time,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_9,ref=-1.0)+i(rel_time,cohort_dummy_11,ref=-1.0)+x0+x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15+x16+x17+x18+x19+x20+x21+x22+x23+x24+x25+x26+x27+x28+x29+x30+x31+x32+x33+x34+x35+x36+x37+x38+x39|unit_fe+time_fe", "restriction_names": [ "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.1.0]:cohort_dummy_9", "C(rel_time, contr.treatment(base=-1.0))[T.2.0]:cohort_dummy_9" ], "deviations": [ { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 1.152193774946183 }, { "event_time": 1.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.8869337607025386 }, { "event_time": 2.0, "cohort": 9, "estimate": 0.8184917575927008 }, { "event_time": -2.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": -0.9753490351195169 }, { "event_time": 0.0, "cohort": 11, "estimate": 2.2922716826681655 } ] } } }, "code_sha256": { "replication_engine.py": "4d1c3ebb7851c82ad64d9ac8e54247610500cbb6d72e579ec3a30184da092d06", "reference_f_test.py": "9cf8f31eeda89784ac1750ea22c35401ae46e24e06279acf938d2d103b78cccf", "sparse_did2s.py": "75169d7fbba6e1bad163e564ac9b5b1262a04033eda925dc379dc3eef64c59fa", "frequency.py": "8f922ae4be2b63ad9b89515d8e665cda4e11a354258b54ef3b820648243642eb", "sparse_models.py": "538c06b81a46a104838d662d6e6489d0d2daa7f680fd234049f28c97c87ef555" } } }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P086", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T7-C1", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Table 7 column 1", "outcome_label": "NNPC revenue (millions of 2016 US dollars)", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "Local participation (DI+NNPC): binary indicator equal to one from the earliest observed year of indigenous Nigerian ownership or operatorship onward; explicitly recoded as absorbing", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "Time-invariant field latitude and distances to the coast, Niger River, and state capital, each interacted with calendar-year indicators (the Table 7 note defines these controls but does not display an inclusion row; exact inclusion requires code verification)", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; 314 fields; published N=2418", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "The archive supplies frozen estimates but not this specification\u2019s input sample or required outcome/controls.", "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "The archive supplies frozen estimates but not this specification\u2019s input sample or required outcome/controls." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P087", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T7-C2", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Table 7 column 2", "outcome_label": "Royalty revenue (millions of 2016 US dollars)", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "Local participation (DI+NNPC): binary indicator equal to one from the earliest observed year of indigenous Nigerian ownership or operatorship onward; explicitly recoded as absorbing", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "Time-invariant field latitude and distances to the coast, Niger River, and state capital, each interacted with calendar-year indicators (the Table 7 note defines these controls but does not display an inclusion row; exact inclusion requires code verification)", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; 314 fields; published N=2418", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "The archive supplies frozen estimates but not this specification\u2019s input sample or required outcome/controls.", "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "The archive supplies frozen estimates but not this specification\u2019s input sample or required outcome/controls." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P088", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T7-C3", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Table 7 column 3", "outcome_label": "Government revenue: NNPC plus royalty revenue (millions of 2016 US dollars)", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "Local participation (DI+NNPC): binary indicator equal to one from the earliest observed year of indigenous Nigerian ownership or operatorship onward; explicitly recoded as absorbing", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "Time-invariant field latitude and distances to the coast, Niger River, and state capital, each interacted with calendar-year indicators (the Table 7 note defines these controls but does not display an inclusion row; exact inclusion requires code verification)", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; 314 fields; published N=2418", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "The archive supplies frozen estimates but not this specification\u2019s input sample or required outcome/controls.", "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "The archive supplies frozen estimates but not this specification\u2019s input sample or required outcome/controls." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P089", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T7-C4", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Table 7 column 4", "outcome_label": "Operator revenue (millions of 2016 US dollars)", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "Local participation (DI+NNPC): binary indicator equal to one from the earliest observed year of indigenous Nigerian ownership or operatorship onward; explicitly recoded as absorbing", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "Time-invariant field latitude and distances to the coast, Niger River, and state capital, each interacted with calendar-year indicators (the Table 7 note defines these controls but does not display an inclusion row; exact inclusion requires code verification)", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; 314 fields; published N=2418", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "The archive supplies frozen estimates but not this specification\u2019s input sample or required outcome/controls.", "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "The archive supplies frozen estimates but not this specification\u2019s input sample or required outcome/controls." }, { "study_id": 22, "specification_id": "S22-P090", "source_specification_id": "REXER-T7-C5", "role": "active_comparison", "published_source_location": "Main-text Table 7 column 5", "outcome_label": "Total oil-field revenue (millions of 2016 US dollars)", "outcome_variable": "", "treatment_label": "Local participation (DI+NNPC): binary indicator equal to one from the earliest observed year of indigenous Nigerian ownership or operatorship onward; explicitly recoded as absorbing", "unit_fixed_effects": "Oil-field fixed effects", "time_fixed_effects": "Calendar-year fixed effects", "allowed_adjustments": "Time-invariant field latitude and distances to the coast, Niger River, and state capital, each interacted with calendar-year indicators (the Table 7 note defines these controls but does not display an inclusion row; exact inclusion requires code verification)", "published_weights": "", "published_clustering": "Oil field", "panel_structure": "Unbalanced oil-field-by-calendar-year panel, 2006-2016; 314 fields; published N=2418", "design": "panel", "descriptive_metadata_status": "recorded_source_fields", "title": "Corruption as a Local Advantage", "status": "source_missing", "reason": "The archive supplies frozen estimates but not this specification\u2019s input sample or required outcome/controls.", "specification_type": "twfe_scalar", "run_status": "The archive supplies frozen estimates but not this specification\u2019s input sample or required outcome/controls." } ]