Landmines and Spatial Development

All papers and comparison plots · Results JSON · Quarto source

8 of 11 registered specifications have estimates. Every registered specification appears below.

Chiovelli et al. (2025), ECMA. https://doi.org/10.3982/ECTA17951

Data and estimation

Outcomes are divided by their unweighted source-sample standard deviation (ddof=1), before exclusions; they are not centered. Treatment adoption is the first observed treated period. Models share an eligible sample, fixed effects, controls and weights. Initially treated units, missing −1 baselines and unsupported untreated-outcome predictions are removed. For switching treatments, untreated rows after first adoption are removed. Exact counts and settings are in the JSON.

Static TWFE uses the treatment indicator. Dynamic TWFE omits event time −1. BJS/did2s fits untreated outcomes, then averages imputation residuals. Sun–Abraham estimates cohort-by-event-time effects. The three dynamic estimates share post-period aggregation weights. Event-study tails are unbinned. These are common-sample reruns, not Peter’s original estimator-specific sample and tail-binning rules.

The homogeneity test restricts identified cohort deviations at positive event times to zero; leads and event time 0 remain unrestricted. It is a homoskedastic nested-model F-test. Estimate intervals are separately cluster-robust, with the did2s two-stage correction. Large panels use algebraically equivalent sparse regressions; backend and validation results are recorded in JSON.

Adoption timing

Treatment adoption timing

S21-P003: seeded sample of 100 of 1,184 eligible units. Purple untreated; yellow treated; white unobserved. Calendar periods follow the configured time grid. Each specification uses its own full eligible sample.

Specification Status F_pvalue Static TWFE Dynamic TWFE BJS / did2s Sun–Abraham
S21-P001 The included native sample lacks act_proj_d (World Bank project outcome) required by this figure. — — — — —
S21-P002 The included native sample lacks act_proj_d (World Bank project outcome) required by this figure. — — — — —
S21-P003 estimated 0.9776 0.04561 0.05065 0.07667 0.05315
S21-P004 estimated 0.4501 0.0005384 -0.07468 -0.007125 -0.08796
S21-P005 The included native sample lacks firstyear_sha_st (cancellation timing) required by this figure. — — — — —
S21-P006 estimated 0.9994 0.0369 0.1373 0.1378 0.135
S21-P007 estimated 0.3322 0.03635 -0.03972 0.007438 -0.05744
S21-P008 estimated 0.1631 0.0278 -0.03441 0.01216 -0.04516
S21-P009 estimated 0.0008679 0.02391 -0.06438 -0.003338 -0.06776
S21-P010 estimated 0.7657 0.03359 -0.03413 -0.02499 0.009147
S21-P011 estimated 0.6646 -0.004914 -0.04962 -0.062 -0.06305

Specifications

Open a specification for its estimates, event studies and homogeneity test. Plots display −10 through 10; JSON contains the full paths. Large-panel intervals are calculated over the displayed window.

S21-P001 · LANDMINES-F10B-WB-INITIAL

The included native sample lacks act_proj_d (World Bank project outcome) required by this figure.

S21-P002 · LANDMINES-F10C-WB-FULL

The included native sample lacks act_proj_d (World Bank project outcome) required by this figure.

S21-P003 · LANDMINES-F8A-INITIAL

Specification JSON · Configuration

LANDMINES-F8A-INITIAL

Source rows: 25,734; fitted rows: 25,734; units: 1,184; clusters: 140; treated cohorts: 22. Source outcome SD: 0.32690813.

method estimate se lower upper
Static TWFE 0.045613 0.024565 -0.0029566 0.094182
Dynamic TWFE 0.05065 0.023981 0.0032348 0.098066
BJS / did2s 0.076671 0.026748 0.023786 0.12956
Sun–Abraham 0.053155 0.025746 0.0022497 0.10406

Post-period weighting: equal_periods. Homogeneity F(195, 23841) = 0.8067; p = 0.9776.

TWFE, imputation, saturated event studies and cohort deviations
S21-P004 · LANDMINES-F8B-FULL

Specification JSON · Configuration

LANDMINES-F8B-FULL

Source rows: 23,649; fitted rows: 12,279; units: 491; clusters: 115; treated cohorts: 21. Source outcome SD: 0.35103471.

method estimate se lower upper
Static TWFE 0.00053837 0.046067 -0.09072 0.091797
Dynamic TWFE -0.074677 0.04483 -0.16348 0.01413
BJS / did2s -0.0071248 0.045992 -0.098234 0.083984
Sun–Abraham -0.087958 0.039526 -0.16626 -0.0096567

Post-period weighting: equal_periods. Homogeneity F(184, 11091) = 1.01; p = 0.4501.

TWFE, imputation, saturated event studies and cohort deviations
S21-P005 · LANDMINES-F9B-CANCELLATION

The included native sample lacks firstyear_sha_st (cancellation timing) required by this figure.

S21-P006 · LANDMINES-T2-C1-INITIAL

Specification JSON · Configuration

LANDMINES-T2-C1-INITIAL

Source rows: 30,784; fitted rows: 30,784; units: 1,184; clusters: 140; treated cohorts: 22. Source outcome SD: 0.36049513.

method estimate se lower upper
Static TWFE 0.036896 0.027367 -0.017213 0.091006
Dynamic TWFE 0.13735 0.032209 0.073664 0.20103
BJS / did2s 0.1378 0.036162 0.0663 0.2093
Sun–Abraham 0.13498 0.033224 0.069288 0.20067

Post-period weighting: observations. Homogeneity F(273, 28350) = 0.7434; p = 0.9994.

TWFE, imputation, saturated event studies and cohort deviations
S21-P007 · LANDMINES-T2-C2-FULL-EXCL-PARTIAL

Specification JSON · Configuration

LANDMINES-T2-C2-FULL-EXCL-PARTIAL

Source rows: 24,504; fitted rows: 12,766; units: 491; clusters: 115; treated cohorts: 21. Source outcome SD: 0.35492137.

method estimate se lower upper
Static TWFE 0.036353 0.045991 -0.054754 0.12746
Dynamic TWFE -0.039722 0.050806 -0.14037 0.060924
BJS / did2s 0.0074375 0.057427 -0.10633 0.1212
Sun–Abraham -0.057441 0.041784 -0.14022 0.025333

Post-period weighting: observations. Homogeneity F(250, 11050) = 1.037; p = 0.3322.

TWFE, imputation, saturated event studies and cohort deviations
S21-P008 · LANDMINES-T2-C3-FULL-DROP-LIMITED

Specification JSON · Configuration

LANDMINES-T2-C3-FULL-DROP-LIMITED

Source rows: 24,964; fitted rows: 13,780; units: 530; clusters: 117; treated cohorts: 21. Source outcome SD: 0.35456336.

method estimate se lower upper
Static TWFE 0.027801 0.048094 -0.067455 0.12306
Dynamic TWFE -0.03441 0.04967 -0.13279 0.063967
BJS / did2s 0.012159 0.056264 -0.099279 0.1236
Sun–Abraham -0.045162 0.04428 -0.13286 0.04254

Post-period weighting: observations. Homogeneity F(250, 12025) = 1.089; p = 0.1631.

TWFE, imputation, saturated event studies and cohort deviations
S21-P009 · LANDMINES-T2-C4-FULL-DMSP-2013 · homogeneity rejected

Specification JSON · Configuration

LANDMINES-T2-C4-FULL-DMSP-2013

Source rows: 19,814; fitted rows: 11,536; units: 575; clusters: 127; treated cohorts: 20. Source outcome SD: 0.31954033.

method estimate se lower upper
Static TWFE 0.023914 0.042352 -0.059899 0.10773
Dynamic TWFE -0.064377 0.054075 -0.17139 0.042635
BJS / did2s -0.0033378 0.056142 -0.11444 0.10777
Sun–Abraham -0.067756 0.038367 -0.14368 0.0081711

Post-period weighting: observations. Homogeneity F(171, 9953) = 1.378; p = 0.0008679.

TWFE, imputation, saturated event studies and cohort deviations
S21-P010 · LANDMINES-T2-C5-FULL-DMSP-RAW

Specification JSON · Configuration

LANDMINES-T2-C5-FULL-DMSP-RAW

Source rows: 19,814; fitted rows: 11,536; units: 575; clusters: 127; treated cohorts: 20. Source outcome SD: 0.39579322.

method estimate se lower upper
Static TWFE 0.03359 0.037989 -0.041589 0.10877
Dynamic TWFE -0.034129 0.043989 -0.12118 0.052923
BJS / did2s -0.02499 0.042302 -0.1087 0.058724
Sun–Abraham 0.0091466 0.034445 -0.059018 0.077312

Post-period weighting: observations. Homogeneity F(171, 9953) = 0.9194; p = 0.7657.

TWFE, imputation, saturated event studies and cohort deviations
S21-P011 · LANDMINES-T2-C7-FULL-DISTRICT-YEAR

Specification JSON · Configuration

LANDMINES-T2-C7-FULL-DISTRICT-YEAR

Source rows: 22,639; fitted rows: 13,190; units: 646; clusters: 117; treated cohorts: 21. Source outcome SD: 0.34039264.

method estimate se lower upper
Static TWFE -0.0049135 0.056443 -0.11671 0.10688
Dynamic TWFE -0.049618 0.058107 -0.16471 0.065469
BJS / did2s -0.061996 0.064017 -0.18879 0.064798
Sun–Abraham -0.063048 0.042375 -0.14698 0.02088

Post-period weighting: observations. Homogeneity F(242, 9148) = 0.9587; p = 0.6646.

TWFE, imputation, saturated event studies and cohort deviations

Reproduce

Code, configurations and environments · Generic Quarto template · Editable Jot template. Source datasets remain local. Run python templates/full_archive/run_archive.py, then python templates/full_archive/build_collection.py.