---
title: "The Making of Civic Virtues: A School-Based Experiment in Three Countries"
format:
  html:
    theme: cosmo
    toc: true
    embed-resources: true
    include-in-header:
      text: |
        <style>main{overflow-wrap:anywhere;max-width:1100px!important}table{display:block;overflow:auto;font-size:.85rem}td,th{padding:6px}img{max-width:100%}p code,li code{overflow-wrap:anywhere;white-space:normal}</style>
---

[Simon Briole; Marc Gurgand; Éric Maurin; Sandra McNally; Jenifer Ruiz-Valenzuela; Daniel Santín (2025)](https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20230612). *American Economic Journal: Economic Policy*.

**Under development — community extension.** This is a provisional source-design assessment, not a new successful replication or a final eligibility ruling.

[Extension index](development.html) · [Provisional eligibility log](development.html#eligibility-log) · [Assessment JSON](aeraej-234.json) · [QMD](aeraej-234.qmd) · [Reproduction code](collection-code.zip)

## Source design and template applicability

The civic-education intervention is a school-level cluster RCT. The public prepared target is descriptive; missing panelized student/teacher files do not justify treating it as observational DiD.

No DiD estimates, uncertainty intervals or homogeneity-test decision were computed in this tranche. No point is added to the calibration plots. This is not a zero effect or a failed statistical test.

## Recorded treatment-column measurement

**2 distinct nonmissing values** in `sch_T`.

Observed support in the indicated source frame; missing values excluded. N=15,738; missing=0. Frame: selected_source_data. Source: /Volumes/LAL_BAK/did-cardinality-work/packages/Briole_Gurgand_Maurin_McNally_etal_AEJ-Policy_2025_204861/ACT_replication_package_AEJ_3/data/act_students.dta.

These are the existing data-measured counts, not counts inferred from design labels. A binary instrument, group indicator or interaction component need not be the treatment of interest; the source-design assessment above takes precedence for template applicability.

## Replication status

**This tranche:** unsupported design; source code/documentation inspected, no estimator run.

**Supplied library:** no_did_analysis_data; verification: no scalar DiD target; preparation: needs_restricted_data. These are the library’s labels, not new verification claims. Missing data and unsupported designs are separate issues.

## Evidence and provenance

The following files in the supplied library were inspected. Their SHA-256 digests are recorded in the downloadable assessment JSON. Source archives and microdata are not redistributed.

- `AEJ-Policy/Briole_Gurgand_Maurin_McNally_etal_AEJ-Policy_2025_204861/R/234_briole_gurgand_maurin_mcnally_ruizvalenzuela_santin_replicate.R` (86 lines)
- `AEJ-Policy/Briole_Gurgand_Maurin_McNally_etal_AEJ-Policy_2025_204861/verdict.md` (33 lines)
- `AEJ-Policy/Briole_Gurgand_Maurin_McNally_etal_AEJ-Policy_2025_204861/aeraej-234.md` (254 lines)