{
  "paper": {
    "rank": 31,
    "paper_id": "aeraej-234",
    "title": "The Making of Civic Virtues: A School-Based Experiment in Three Countries",
    "authors": "Simon Briole; Marc Gurgand; Éric Maurin; Sandra McNally; Jenifer Ruiz-Valenzuela; Daniel Santín",
    "year": 2025,
    "journal": "American Economic Journal: Economic Policy",
    "doi": "10.1257/pol.20230612",
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    "assessment_status": "unsupported_design",
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  "reviewed_at": "2026-10-12",
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    "decision": "excluded",
    "reason": "The civic-education intervention is a school-level cluster RCT. The public prepared target is descriptive; missing panelized student/teacher files do not justify treating it as observational DiD."
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    "scope": "Reported by the supplied library; not re-executed in this tranche."
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}