Only One Tree from Each Seed? Environmental Effectiveness and Poverty Alleviation in Mexico’s Payments for Ecosystem Services Program

Jennifer M. Alix-Garcia; Katharine R. E. Sims; Patricia Yañez-Pagans (2015) · American Economic Journal: Economic Policy

Published

October 10, 2026

import sys
from pathlib import Path

ROOT = next(
    p for p in [Path.cwd(), *Path.cwd().parents]
    if (p / "scripts/tranche50_report.py").exists()
)
sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / "scripts"))
from tranche50_report import report

report("aeraej-181", tranche="tranche100")

Jennifer M. Alix-Garcia; Katharine R. E. Sims; Patricia Yañez-Pagans (2015). American Economic Journal: Economic Policy. Table 5, column 1: point fixed effects.

Collection index · Results JSON · QMD · Reproduction code

Source specification

Point effects, state-by-year effects, weather controls and polygon clustering are retained.

Source coefficient	Template on source sample	Source N	Template source-sample N
0.18632	0.18632	1.9616e+05	1.9616e+05

Source-to-template coefficient difference: 1.3e-15, in original outcome units.

Role	Column
Outcome	mndvi
Treatment	recipL
Unit	id
Time	year
Cluster	polyfid

4 retained control columns. lndry; lnfull; st_dev_rf; hurricane

Estimates below divide the outcome by its source-sample standard deviation, 15.4544. Static TWFE is the treatment coefficient. Dynamic TWFE, BJS and Sun–Abraham average supported post-treatment cells by observation count. CS-DID additionally reports an equal-event-time average.

Analysis sample and treatment timing

Observations	Units	Treated	Control units	Cohorts	Clusters
189620	21796	17307	4489	7	3495

Sample restriction	Count
post adoption untreated rows removed	6544

Adoption is the first observed treated period. Initially treated units and units without an observed minus-one baseline are excluded. Post-adoption untreated rows are excluded for switching policies. The plot shows at most 100 seeded-sample units; estimation uses the full eligible sample. Empty cells remain missing.

y__d: 100 of 21796 units shown (seed 20261008). All eligible units enter estimation. Purple: untreated; yellow: treated; white: unobserved.

Estimates

Estimator	Estimate (SD)	SE	95% lower	95% upper	Target	Status
Static TWFE	0.0069303	0.0047807	-0.0024429	0.016303	Coefficient	estimated
Dynamic TWFE	0.015799	0.0062369	0.0035704	0.028027	Treated cells	estimated
BJS / did2s	0.0049567	0.0057171	-0.0062525	0.016166	Treated cells	estimated
Sun–Abraham	0.014973	0.0065893	0.0020539	0.027892	Treated cells	estimated
CS-DID (equal event-time)	nan	nan	nan	nan	Equal post-event times	unsupported
SDID	nan	nan	nan	nan	Treated cells	unsupported
Matrix completion	nan	nan	nan	nan	Treated cells	unsupported
Horizontal ridge	nan	nan	nan	nan	Treated cells	unsupported
Multisynth (cohort-averaged)	nan	nan	nan	nan	Treated cells	unsupported
Multisynth (individual)	nan	nan	nan	nan	Treated cells	unsupported

Intervals use the configured clusters and the estimator’s available inference. Hollow points have no computed interval; no new refit-bootstrap batch is run.

Estimator	Reason
CS-DID (equal event-time)	csdid: matching the configured nonstandard fixed effects is not implemented.
SDID	sdid: matching the configured nonstandard fixed effects is not implemented.
Matrix completion	matrix-completion: matching the configured nonstandard fixed effects is not implemented.
Horizontal ridge	horizontal-ridge: matching the configured nonstandard fixed effects is not implemented.
Multisynth (cohort-averaged)	multisynth-cohort: matching the configured nonstandard fixed effects is not implemented.
Multisynth (individual)	multisynth-individual: matching the configured nonstandard fixed effects is not implemented.

Event studies

Cohort homogeneity

The imported TestingInEventStudies deviations design tests positive-event-time cohort deviations jointly. This is the homoskedastic nested-model F-test; the estimator confidence intervals above use clustered inference.

**y__d: F(15, 167508) = 25.6228; p = 1.649e-72.** Homoskedastic nested-model F. 60 design columns.

Each line is a cohort deviation. The joint test restricts positive-event-time deviations to zero; event time 0 remains unrestricted.

Fitting settings and checks

Specification	Estimator	Settings	Pooling
y__d	CS-DID	{}	{}
y__d	SDID	{}	{}
y__d	Matrix completion	{}	{}
y__d	Horizontal ridge	{}	{}
y__d	Multisynth (cohort-averaged)	{}	{}
y__d	Multisynth (individual)	{}	{}

{
  "did2s_vs_direct_imputation_max_post_difference": 1.2091697710464588e-06,
  "package_aggregate_vs_estimable_cell_weights": null,
  "saturated_vs_deviations_relative_rss_difference": 2.258974618718301e-15
}